V
V, v, a character derived from the Greek γ, Mar. Victor. p. 2459 P. A consonant which, though originally written with the same sign as the vowel u (v. the letter U), was by the ancients themselves considered as essentially different from it, Charis. p. 57 P.; Diom. p. 416; 420 P.; Prisc. p. 539; 542; 544 sq. P.; Vel. Long. p. 2215; 2222 P.; just as the consonant i (j) and the vowel i were regarded as two distinct letters; v. the letter J. The sound of V seems to have been the same with that of English initial W. It corresponded to the Æolic digamma; hence it is called, Quint. 12, 10, 29, Aeolica littera, and the emperor Claudius used the Greek digamma inverted F

to represent it (because in its proper position it already formed the Latin letter F), Quint. 1, 7, 26; Prisc. p. 545 sq. P.; Gell. 14, 5, 2; v. also the inscrr. of the period during and immediately succeeding the reign of Claudius, Inscr. Orell. 710 sq.; Marini Atti, p. 97. In very many words which were originally common to both languages, the initial or medial v in Latin represents a lost digamma in Greek; cf.: ver, ἦρ; vis, ἴς; video, ΙΔ; vestis, ἐσθής; vitulus, ἰταλός; vomo, ἐμέω; voco, ἔπω; volvo, εἴλω; vinum, οἰνος; viola, ἴον; vespera, ἑσπέρα; Vesta, Ἑστία; silva, ὕλη; ovis, ὄϊς; divus, δῖος; aevum, αἰών; scaevus, σκαιός; vicus, οἶκος; levis, λεῖος al. (For a full discussion of the sound of V, see Roby, Gram. I. praef. p. xxxiii. sqq.). V has the closest affinity to the vowel u, and hence, in the course of composition and inflection, it often passed into the latter: solvo, solutum, from solvĭtum, solŭĭtum; caveo, cautum, from cavitum; fautor, from faveo; lautum, from lavo; nauta, from navita; audeo, cf. avidus; neu, seu, from neve, sive; tui, cf. Sanscr. tvam; sui, Sanscr. sva-; suavis, Sanscr. svadus, and is resolved into it by the poets from prosodial necessity: silŭa (trisyl.) for silva; dissŏlŭo, evŏlŭam (quadrisyl.), for dissolvam, evolvam; dissŏlŭenda, evolŭisse (quinquasyl.), for dissolvenda, evolvisse, etc., just as, for the same cause, although less freq., u passed into v: gēnva, tēnvis (dissyl.), for gēnŭa, tĕnŭis; tēnvĭa, tēnvĭus (trisyl.), for tĕnŭĭa, tĕnŭĭus.
For the affinity of v to b, v. the letter B. V as a medial between two vowels was very freq. elided, esp. in inflection, and the word underwent in consequence a greater or less contraction: amavisti, amāsti; deleverunt, delērunt; novisti, nōsti; audivisti, audīsti, or audiisti; siveris, siris, or sieris; obliviscor, oblitus; dives, dis; aeviternus, aeternus; divitior, ditior; bovibus, bubus, etc.; providens, prudens; movimentum, momentum; provorsus, prorsus; si vis, sis; si vultis, sultis; Jovis pater, Juppiter; mage volo, mavolo, malo; non volo, nolo, etc. An example of the elision of v without a further contraction of the word is found in seorsus, from sevorsus (v. seorsus).
This etymological suppression of v is to be distinguished from its purely orthographical omission before or after u in ancient MSS. and inscriptions, as serus for servus, noum for novum, festius for festivus, Pacuius for Pacuvius; cf. the letters J and Q.
V is sometimes elided after a mute: dis for dvis from duo; likewise after s: sibi for svibi (from su-ibi); sis, sas, sos, for suis, suas, suos; sultis for si vultis; so Lat. si corresponds to Umbr. sve and Osc. svai; v. esp. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 310 sqq. As an abbreviation, V (as the sign of the consonant) stands for vir, vivus, vixit, voto, vale, verba, etc.; V. C., or also VC., vir clarissimus; VCP., voti compos posuit; V. V., virgo Vestalis; V. F. Q. D. E. R. F. P. D. E. R. I. C., verba fecerunt. Quid de eā re fieri placeret, de eā re ita censuerunt.
As a numeral, the letter V stands for half of the geometrical cross X or ten, Zumpt, Gr. § 115 Anm. 1.

Vacalus
Văcălus, i, m., a river of Gaul, tributary to the Rhine, now the Wahal, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; called also Vahalis, q. v.

vacca
vacca, ae, f. Sanscr. vacā, cow; root vaç, to bellow; cf. vagire, a cow, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 6; Col. 6, 21, 1; Cic. N. D. 1, 27 77; Verg. E. 9, 31; id. G. 2, 524; 3, 177; id. A. 4, 61; Ov. M. 2, 694; Hor. C. 4, 2, 53: boves operariae, used in ploughing, Col. 6, 24. 4; Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 4.

Vacca
Vacca, ae, f. A town of Byzacene in Africa, Auct. B. Afr. 74. A town of Numidia, called also Vaga, now Beja, Sall. J. 29, 4; 47, 1; 68, 3; Sil. 3, 259.
Hence, Vaccensis or Vagensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Vacca: Vagense oppidum, i. e. Vaga, Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 30.
Vaccenses (Vagen-), ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Vacca, Sall. J. 66, 2.

vaccinium
vaccīnĭum, ii, n., the blueberry, whortleberry: Vaccinium myrtillus, Linn.; Plin. 16, 18, 31, § 77; Verg. E. 2, 18; 2, 50; 10, 39; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 5; Vitr. 7, 14, 2.

vaccinus
vaccīnus, a, um, adj. vacca, of or from cows: caro, Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 185: lac, id. 25, 8, 53, § 94: caseus, id. 28, 14, 58, § 204.

vaccula
vaccŭla, ae, f. dim. id., a little cow or heifer, Cat. 20, 14; Val. Cat. Dir. 132.

Vaccus
Vaccus, i, m.; Vitruvius Vaccus, a general of Fundi, taken captive by L. Papirius. The vacant site of his house at Rome was called Vacci prata, Liv. 8, 19 sq.; Cic. Dom. 38, 101.

vacefio
văcēfīo, fĭĕri, v. pass. [vacuus-facio], to become or be made empty (only in the two foll. passages): multusque vacefit In medio locus, Lucr. 6, 1005; 6, 1017.

vacerra
văcerra, ae, f., a log, stock, post. Lit., Col. 9, 1, 3; 9, 1, 9; 6, 19, 2. Transf., like stipes, and our stock, block, as a term of abuse applied to a stupid person: vecorde et malefica vacerra, Liy. Andron. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Com. Fragm. v. 7 Rib.).

vacerrosus
văcerrōsus, a, um, adj. vacerra, II., freq. used by the emperor Augustus for cerritus, mad, crazed, crack-brained, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87.

vacillo
văcillo (a scanned long, Lucr. 3, 502), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. cf. Sanscr. vak-, to roll; vank-, to shake, to sway to and fro; to waddle, stagger, reel, totter, waver, vacillate (class.; a favorite word with Cic.; cf.: nuto, titubo). Lit., of drunken persons: quosdam ex vino vacillantes, quosdam hesternā potatione oscitantes, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 66: videre quosdam ex vino vacillantis, Quint. 11, 3, 165: praepediuntur crure vacillanti, Lucr. 3, 479; cf. Ruhnk. ad Rutil. Lup. 2, 7, p. 164 Frotsch.: in utramque partem toto corpore vacillans, Cic. Brut. 60, 216: arbor ventis pulsa vacillans aestuat, Lucr. 5, 1096; so, ambusta, id. 1, 806: vacillant omnia tecta, id. 6, 575: sub pedibus tellus cum tota vacillat, id. 5, 1236: accepi tuam epistulam vacillantibus litterulis, Cic. Fam. 16, 15, 2. Trop., to waver, hesitate, stagger, be untrustworthy, to vacillate: tota res vacillat et claudicat, Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 107: Erotem ad ista expedienda factum mihi videbar reliquisse, cujus non sine magnā culpā vacillarunt, have fallen into confusion, id. Att. 14, 18, 2: justitia vacillat vel jacet potius, id. Off. 3, 33, 118: stabilitas amicitiae vacillat, id. Fin. 1, 20, 66: legio vacillans, wavering in fidelity, id. Phil. 3, 12, 31: γεροντικώτερον est memoriola vacillare, id. Att. 12, 1, 2: partim sumptibus in vetere aere alieno vacillant, are staggering beneath a load of old debts, id. Cat. 2, 10, 21: aegrotat fama vacillans, Lucr. 4, 1124: gentes vacillantes, Vell. 2, 130, 3: cum animus paulum vacillavit, Sen. Ep. 114, 22: testes, qui adversus fidem testationis suae vacillant, audiendi non sunt, Dig. 22, 5, 2: cujus (testis) ita anceps fides vacillat, ib. 48, 10, 27.

vacivus
văcīvus or vŏcīvus (so always in Plautus; cf. Trin. prol. 11 Brix; Ritschl, Nov. Exc. I. p. 59 sq.), a, um, adj. vaco, empty, void (ante-class.); absol.: aedes facere alicui, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 6: aedes aurium, id. Ps. 1, 5, 54; for which, aures, id. Cas. prol. 29; id. Trin. prol. 11.
With gen.: valens afflictet me vocivum virium, i. e. destitute of strength, powerless, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 46: tempus laboris, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38.
Adv.: văcīvē, at leisure, leisurely: libellum perlegere, Phaedr. 5, praef. 14.

vaco
văco, āvi, ātum, 1 (perf. vacui, Tert. Pall. 4; id. Pud. 8 fin.; id. adv. Val. 9), v. n. etym. dub., to be empty, void, or vacant; to be void of, or without; not to contain (class.; cf.: careo, egeo). In gen. Lit., of space, etc. Absol.: quācumque vacat spatium, quod inane vocamus, Lucr. 1, 507; so, spatium, id. 2, 1053; 6, 1029: inane, id. 1, 520: villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix triclinium ... vacaret, Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1: tota domus superior vacat, id. ib. 13, 12, 10: aedes, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 7: maximam putant esse laudem, quam latissime a suis finibus vacare agros, to be uninhabited, uncultivated, Caes. B. G. 4, 3: locus, id. ib. 1, 28; Quint. 8, 6, 18; 9, 4, 118; 10, 3, 33: ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles, Ov. M. 2, 256: odi cum late splendida cera vacat, id. Am. 1, 11, 20: haec fiunt dum vacat harena, Sen. Ep. 7, 4. With abl. (so most freq.): illa natura caelestis et terra vacat et umore, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; cf. id. N. D. 2, 24, 64: mens vacans corpore, id. ib. 1, 10, 25: hoste vacare domos, Verg. A. 3, 123: (domus) quae Igne vacet, Ov. M. 2, 764: custode vacans, id. ib. 2, 422: ora vacent epulis, i. e. abstain from, id. ib. 15, 478: ea pars oppidi, quae fluminis circuitu vacabat, Auct. B. G. 8, 41. With ab: haec a custodiis classium loca maxime vacabant, Caes. B. C. 3, 25. Transf., to be vacant. free from, without, unoccupied, etc. With abl.: ejusmodi (nimiis animi) motibus sermo debet vacare, Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136: nulla vitae pars vacare officio potest, id. ib. 1, 2, 4: omni curatione et administratione rerum (dii), id. N. D. 1, 1, 2: studiis, id. de Or. 3, 11, 43: curā et negotio, id. Leg. 1, 3, 8: vitio, id. ib. 3, 3, 10: culpā, id. Fam. 7, 3, 4: criminibus, Quint. 10, 1, 34: febri, Cels. 2, 14 med.: morbis, Dig. 21, 1, 53: amplitudo animi pulchrior, si vacet populo, keeps free from, remains aloof from, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64: respublica et milite illic et pecuniā vacet, be free from the necessity of furnishing, Liv. 2, 48, 9. With ab and abl.: nullum tempus illi umquam vacabat aut a forensi dictione aut a scribendo, Cic. Brut. 78, 272: (rex) quicquid a bellis populi Romani vacabat, cum hominibus nostris consuetudines jungebat, id. Deiot. 9, 27: a publico officio et munere, id. Div. 2, 2, 7: ab opere (milites), Caes. B. C. 3, 76: ne quando a metu ac periculis vacarent, Liv. 7, 1: vacant ab imbecillis valetudinaria, Col. 12, 3, 8: a culpā, Sen. Ep. 97, 1: a periculo, id. Q. N. 6, 1, 1: a negotiis, Phaedr. 3 prol. In partic. To be free from labor, not busied, idle, at leisure; to have leisure or time: quamvis occupatus sis, otii tamen plus habes: aut, si ne tu quidem vacas, noli, etc., Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; Quint. 10, 3, 27: festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus, Hor. C. 3, 18, 11: si vacabis, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 2: si forte vacas, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 95. After the Aug. per. esp. freq. Vacare alicui rei, to be free to attend, apply, or devote one's self to something; to have leisure or time for a thing (cf. studeo): philosophiae, Quinte, semper vaco, Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10: in itinere, quasi solutus ceteris curis, huic uni vacaret, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 15: huic uni negotio vacare, Vell. 2, 114, 1: ille non vacasse sermoni suo regem causatus discessit, Curt. 6, 7, 21: paulum etiam palaestricis, Quint. 1, 11, 15: studio operis pulcherrimi, id. 12, 1, 4: foro, id. 10, 1, 114: clientium negotiis, Tac. A. 16, 22: non discendo tantum juri, sed etiam docendo, Quint. 12, 1, 10: libellis legendis ac rescribendis, Suet. Aug. 45: queruntur de superiorum fastidio, quod ipsis adire volentibus non vacaverint, have no leisure for them, can not attend to them, Sen. Brev. Vit. 2, 5.
Rarely absol.: dum perago tecum pauca sed apta, vaca, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 2. Vacare ad aliquid: non vaco ad istas ineptias, Sen. Ep. 49, 9; cf. (poet.): in grande opus, Ov. P. 3, 3, 36; also, with inf.: sternere acies, Stat. Th. 8, 185. Vacat (alicui), impers., there is time, room, or leisure for a thing (poet. and in post-Aug. prose). With inf. (so most freq.): si primā repetens ab origine pergam Et vacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, Verg. A. 1, 373: tunc et elegiam vacabit in manus sumere, Quint. 10, 1, 58: non vacabit incohare haec studia, id. 1, 12, 12: hactenus indulsisse vacat, it is permitted, i. q. licet, Verg. A. 10, 625 Heyne; imitated by Sil. 17, 374. With dat., I (thou, he, etc.) have leisure or time for a thing: nobis venari nec vacat nec libet, Plin. Ep. 9, 16, 1: non vacat exiguis rebus adesse Jovi, Ov. Tr. 2, 216: nec nostris praebere vacet tibi cantibus aures, id. M. 5, 334: obstat enim diligentiae scribendi etiam fatigatio et abunde, si vacet, lucis spatia sufficiunt, Quint. 10, 3, 27: cui esse diserto vacet, id. 11, 1, 50: quo magis te, cui vacat, hortor, etc., Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 11; 8, 15, 1; Curt. 10, 10, 12; Vell. 1, 15, 1; 2, 124, 1.
Absol.: teneri properentur amores, Dum vacat, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 70: si vacat, Juv. 1, 21. Of possessions, lands, etc., to be unoccupied, vacant, ownerless: cum agri Ligustini ... aliquantum vacaret, senatūs consultum est factum, ut is ager viritim divideretur, Liv. 42, 4, 3: fundi possessionem nancisci, quae ex neglegentiā domini vacat, Dig. 41, 3, 37: si nemo sit, bona vacabunt, ib. 38, 7, 2 fin. Esp., of offices, relations, positions, employments, etc., to be vacant, without incumbent, etc.: si Piso adesset, nullius philosophiae vacaret locus, Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 16: quid enim nostrā victum esse Antonium, si victus est, ut alii vacaret, quod ille obtinuit? may stand open, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6: rogo ut Suram praeturā exornare digneris, cuia locus vacet, Plin. Ep. 10, 12 (7), 1: rogo dignitati... vel auguratum vel septemviratum, quia vacant, adicere digneris, id. ib. 10, 13 (8).
Hence, văcans, antis, P. a. Empty, unoccupied, without an owner, vacant: locus, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 16, 8: metaphora ... vacantem locum occupare debet, Quint. 8, 6, 18: regnum, Just. 42, 4, 2; 25, 2, 4; 27, 3, 1: saltus, Verg. G. 3, 477: balneae, Tac. H. 3, 11: bona, Dig. 30, 1, 93; 30, 1, 111.
Subst.: văcantia, ĭum, n., vacant estates, property without an owner: ut, si a privilegiis parentum cessaretur, velut parens omnium populus vacantia teneret, Tac. A. 3, 28. Of women, single, unmarried, without a husband: qui vacantem mulierem rapuit vel nuptam, Dig. 48, 6, 5; Quint. Decl. 262 (cf. vacua, Ov. H. 20, 149). Of persons, at leisure, unoccupied, idle: nec petiit animum vacantem, Ov. M. 9, 612.
Subst.: văcantĭa, ĭum, n., that which is superfluous, useless (post-class.): vacantia ex quāque re ac non necessariā auferre et excidere, Gell. 6, 5, 6.
Hence, adv.: vă-canter, superfluously, Gell. 17, 10, 16.

vacuitas
văcŭĭtas, ātis, f. id.. Lit., concr., empty space, a vacancy, vacuity: interveniorum vacuitates, Vitr. 2, 7. Transf., a being without, a freedom, absence, exemption from any thing (class.; cf. vacatio). With gen.: liberatio et vacuitas omnis molestiae, Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37: doloris, id. ib. 2, 5, 16; 2, 6, 18; 2, 11, 35; 2, 12, 37: aegritudinis, id. Tusc. 5, 14, 42. With ab and abl.: vacuitas ab angoribus, Cic. Off. 1, 21, 73. Esp., a vacancy in an office: consulum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 2.

Vacuna
Văcūna, ae, f. vacuus, II. A., the goddess of rural leisure, esp. honored by the Sabines, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 49 Acr.; Ov. F. 6, 307; Plin. 3, 12, 17, § 109; Aus. Ep. 4, 98.
Hence, Văcūnālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Vacuna: foci, Ov. F. 6, 308.

vacuo
văcŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. vacuus, to make empty or void; to empty, clear, free (mostly post-Aug.): locus inanitus ac vacuatus, Lucr. 6, 1023: sulcum, Col. 3, 13, 10: dolia a mercatoribus vacuata, id. 12, 50, 14: Elysium nemus, Mart. 11, 5, 6: saecula putr: penso, Stat. Th. 3, 642: sanguine vacuatus, Aur. Vict. Epit. 43.

vacuus
văcŭus, a, um, adj. vaco, empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.) In gen. Lit., in material sense. Absol.: spatium vacuum, Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509: vacua castra, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna, Verg. A. 6, 269: atria, id. ib. 7, 379; 2, 528: porticus, id. ib. 2, 761: videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri, id. G. 3, 109: Acerrae, unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225: Cumae, Juv. 3, 2: Ulubrae, id. 10, 102: agri, Verg. G. 2, 54: aurae, id. A. 12, 592: caelum, id. ib. 5, 515: oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere, Liv. 39, 14, 2: aër, Hor. C. 1, 3, 34: theatrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 130: aula, id. C. 4, 14, 36: tabellae, Quint. 10, 3, 32: numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos, Liv. 44, 26, 3: lectus, Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471: per vacuum locum inruperunt, Liv. 25, 3, 18: manus, Quint. 11, 2, 42: ossa vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84: vultus, without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012. With abl.: nihil igni vacuum videri potest, Cic. Univ. 4: gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus, id. Marcell. 6, 17: moenia defensoribus, Liv. 42, 63, 6: viae occursu hominum, id. 5, 41, 5: cultoribus agri, Ov. M. 7, 653: ense ebur, id. ib. 4, 148: arvum arboribus, Col. 3, 11, 3: loca fetu in vite, id. 3, 10, 5: pectus velamine, Stat. Th. 1, 593. With ab and abl.: Messana ab his rebus...vacua ac nuda est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3: oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus, without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12: pars Galliae ab exercitu, Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: vacuum ab hostibus mare, Liv. 37, 13, 6. With gen. (rare; mostly poet.): ager aridus et frugum vacuus, Sall. J. 90, 1: Romana urbs annonae, Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14. Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity: vacuum minus intus habere, Lucr. 1, 367: in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami, Verg. G. 2, 287: ne per vacuum incurreret hostis, Hor. S. 2, 1, 37: libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21. Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without. With abl.: animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus, Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27: molestiis, id. Fam. 4, 4, 2: cupiditate et timore, id. Fin. 2, 10, 30: consilium periculo, id. Att. 10, 16, 2: cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus, id. Fin. 2, 14, 46: vacui negotiis vivere possimus, id. ib. 4, 5, 12: his rebus mens vacua, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9: vacuus duellis Janus, Hor. C. 4, 15, 8: crimine nox vacua est, Ov. F. 4, 581: ille metu vacuus, id. M. 3, 582: nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio, Plin. Pan. 56, 2: aemulatione, Tac. A. 12, 2: curā domesticā vacuus, id. H. 1, 88: tali culpā, id. A. 6, 16: tributo, id. ib. 12, 61: vacuam laboribus egi vitam, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9. With ab and abl.: Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23: a securibus et tributis, Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61: hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34: nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis, id. Brut. 90, 309: animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer, id. Inv. 2, 7, 24: cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses, id. Fam. 11, 16, 1: domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura, id. Har. Resp. 6, 11: ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā, Sall. C. 51, 1: a culpa, id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun; curā, Liv. 24, 18, 1. With gen.: vacuas caedis habete manus, Ov. A. A. 1, 642: operum vacuus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 119: vacuas habuissem criminis umbras, Ov. M. 6, 541: composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas, Tac. A. 15, 8. With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made: Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur, Liv. 1, 46, 9: necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sall. C. 15, 2: quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis), Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.
Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure: aliquid invenire vacui, Quint. 10, 6, 1. In partic. (cf. vaco, II.). Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle: quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13: si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimus ... hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum, id. Brut. 5, 20: animus vacuus ac solutus, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 26: aures vacuae atque eruditae, Quint. 10, 1, 32: aures, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56: pedibus vacuis terere Porticum, id. A. A. 1, 491: si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus, Hor. C. 1, 32, 1: cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes, Verg. G. 3, 3: ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas, Ter. And. 4, 2, 23: ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3: cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit, Liv. 3, 40, 10.
Sup.: nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras, Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.
Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.: Tibur, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45: Athenae, id. ib. 2, 2, 81: tonsoris in umbrā, id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.: otiosa Neapolis, id. Epod. 5, 43).
Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed: Rutilius animo vacuus, i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6: haud animi vacuus, quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644: cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur, Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.
Of female animals, not bearing young: equa, Col. 6, 37, 10.
Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28. Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure: etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56: cum vacui temporis nihil haberem, id. Att. 2, 23, 1: vacuam noctem operi dedere, Liv. 3, 28, 7: tempora, Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26. Of women, free, unmarried, single: ubi mulier vacua fuit, Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo - Quint. Decl. 376: Hersilia, i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831. Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master: vacuam possessionem regni sperans, Caes. B. C. 3, 112: prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio ... quasi caduca atque vacua, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122: centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26: vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali, Liv. 23, 2, 7: ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam, Sall. C. 52, 23: sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios, Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.: Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi, id. Agr. 40: vacua Armenia, without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50: bona, Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12: possessio, ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.
Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.: si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias, into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50: ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit, Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8. Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare; not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt, Tac. H. 1, 30: rem, Petr. 102: vacua et inanis productio verbi, Gell. 11, 15, 6: tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15: pecunia, unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.

Vada
Vada, ae, f., a stronghold in Gallia Belgica, in the country of the Batavi, Tac. H. 5, 20 sq.

Vada
Văda, ōrum, n., a city in Liguria, now Savona, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 3; called Vada Sabatia, Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 48.

Vada
Văda Volaterrana, ōrum, n., a port in Etruria south of Pisa, now Torre di Vado, Cic. Quint. 6, 24; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50.

Vadimonis
Vădĭmōnis lăcus, a small lake in Etruria near Ameria, now Laghetto di Bassano, Plin. 2, 95, 96, § 209; Liv. 9, 39, 5; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 3; Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 8; in the order lacus Vadimonis, Flor. 1, 13, 11; cf. Dennis, Etruria, 1, p. 107 sq.

vadimonium
vădĭmōnĭum, ii, n. 1. vas; jurid. t. t., a promise secured by bail for appearance on a particular day before a tribunal, bail, security, recognizance. Lit.: cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est, ut promittat, se certo die sisti, Gai Inst. 4, 184; cf. as to the sev. eral kinds of vadimonia, id. ib. 4, 185 sqq.: ubi tu's, qui me convadatu's Veneriis vadimoniis? to appear before Venus, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5: se jam neque vadari amplius neque vadimonium promittere, Cic. Quint. 6, 23: hominem in praesentia non vadatur; ita sine vadimonio disceditur, id. ib. 6, 23: ne quis extra suum forum vadimonium promittere cogatur, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38; id. Quint. 20, 63; so, promittere (alicui Romam Lilybaeum, etc.), Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141; id. Tull. 8, 20: constituere, to fix by agreement, id. Sen. 7, 21: concipere, to draw up a form of recognizance, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 3; cf.: aptius hae capiant vadimonia garrula cerae, Ov. Am. 1, 12, 23: res esse in vadimonium coepit, comes to giving bail, i. e. is to be tried by due course of law, Cic. Quint. 5, 22: vadimonium est mihi cum aliquo, am under recognizance, am bound to appear, id. ib. 18, 56: sistere, to keep one's recognizance, make one's appearance, present one's self in court, Cato ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1; Cic. Quint. 8, 29; Nep. Att. 9, 4; v. sisto, I. C. 2.: ad vadimonium venire, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; 5, 22: non venire, id. ib. 15, 48; 16, 52 sq.: quā (horā) tibi vadimonium non sit obitum, id. ib. 16, 53; so, obire, id. ib. 17, 54; Plin. Ep. 8, 12, 3: descendere ad vadimonium, Sen. Ep. 8, 5: occurrere ad vadimonium, Suet. Calig. 39: ad vadimonium currere, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57. facere, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 19; Cic. Quint. 18, 57; Val. Max. 3, 7, 1; Liv. 23, 32, 1; Juv. 3, 298: differre, to put off the day of appearance, Cic. Att. 2, 7, 2; id. Fam. 2, 8, 1: ceteris quae habebat vadimonia differt, id. Quint. 6, 23 fin.: imponere alicui, to exact, Nep. Timol. 5, 2: deserere, to forfeit one's recognizance, fail to appear, Cic. Quint. 23, 75; id. Cat. 2, 2, 5; Plin. prooem. § 23: missum facere, to release one's bail, Cic. Quint. 14, 46; cf. on the vadimonium, Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Transf., an appointment, a fixed time: ex eventu significationum intellegi sidera debebunt, non ad dies utique praefinitos exspectari tempestatum vadimonia, Plin. 18, 26, 62, § 231: tibi amatorem vadimonio sistam, App. M. 9, p. 227, 17; 10, p. 240, 10 al.

vado
vādo (vāsi, Tert. Pall. 3), 3, v. n. cf. Sanscr. root gā-, go; Gr. ΒΑ, αίνω, to go, walk; esp. to go hastily or rapidly, to rush (syn. incedo). Lit. (rare but class.): vadunt solidā vi, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 277 Vahl.): ingenti cursu, id. ap. Fest. p. 363 Müll. (Ann. v. 470 Vahl.): cum feras bestias videamus alacres et erectas vadere, ut alteri bestiae noceant, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: vadit fremit refringit virgulta pede vago, Cat. 63, 86: vadimus inmixti Danais, Verg. A. 2 396: ad eum (Pompeium) postridie mane vadebam, Cic. Att. 4, 10, 2: ad amnem, Ov. M. 11, 137: inde in primum aditum pontis, Liv 2, 10, 5: in hostem, to stride on, advance, id. 7, 24, 6: haud dubi am in mortem, Verg. A. 2, 359: per hostes, Tac. H. 3, 41: cras mane vadit, Cic. Att. 14, 11, 2: vadite, et haec memores regi mandata referte, Verg. A. 11, 176; 4, 223; Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 19. Of inanimate things: Euphrates in Mesopotamiam vadit per ipsam Seleuciam, Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 90: circulus per medios Parthos, id. 6, 34, 39, § 213. Trop.: ardua per praeceps gloria vadit iter, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74: vadit animus in praeceps sciens, etc., Sen. Hippol. 180: eruditi et rude vulgus in eam (sententiam) cursu vadit, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 23; App. M. 2, p. 117, 27.

vadosus
vădōsus, a, um, adj. vadum, full of shallows or fords, shallow, shoal: mare, Caes. B. C. 1, 25: amnis, Verg. A. 7, 728: Syrtes, Sall. J. 78, 2: ostium portūs, Liv. 37, 14, 7: fretum, id. 33, 17, 6: litora, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1: navigatio, Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 99.
Poet.: aquae, i. e. restless, Luc. 8, 698.
Sup.: Ganges ubi vadosissimus est, Sol. 52.

vadum
vădum, i, n. (masc. collat form, vă-dus, i, Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 111; Sall. H. 1, 68 Dietsch) [cf. the root BA, βαίνω, whence, also, vado; hence, that through which one can go], a shallow place in water, a shallow, shoal, ford. Lit. Sing.: Rhodanus nonnullis locis vado transitur, Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 5, 58; 7, 55: vadum in flumine efficere, id. B. C. 1, 61: vadum fluminis temptare, si transire possent, id. ib. 1, 83: exercitum vado transducere, id. ib. 3, 37: vado flumen penetrare, Tac. A. 2, 68: vado superari amnis non poterat, Liv. 38, 13, 9; 38, 18, 7: piscis qui vivit in vado, Cels. 2, 18: amnis incerto vado, Tac. A. 12, 33. Piur., so esp. of a shallow place where a river is crossed, a ford: ibi vadis repertis partem suarum copiarum transducere conati sunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 9; 1, 8; 3, 13; Liv. 26, 45, 8; 31, 1, 5; Tac. A. 2, 23; id. H. 4, 27; Lucr. 1, 200; Ov. M. 1, 370; 3, 19.
Also of shallows, as dangerous in navigation: mystica ad dextram vada Praetervecti, Att. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 19 Müll. (Trag. Rel. v. 687 Rib.): brevia, Verg. A. 5, 221: caeca, id. ib. 1, 536: dura saxis Lilybeia caecis, id. ib. 3, 706; cf.: Nessus, scitus vadorum, Ov. M. 9, 108. Transf. A body of water, a sea, stream, etc. (poet.): longā sulcant vada salsa carinā, Verg. A. 5, 158; 7, 198; Cat. 64, 58: si tamen Non tangenda rates transiliunt vada, Hor. C. 1, 3, 24; Ov. P. 4, 9, 2; Sen. Hippol. 181 al. The bottom of a body of water, the depths (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): saxa Vadis levata, Hor. Epod. 16, 26; Plin. 3, praef. § 4: ostrea capta solido vado, id. 32, 6, 21, § 59: sedit limoso pressa carina vado, Ov. F. 4, 300. The bottom of a well, Phaedr. 4, 9, 12; Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39. Trop. Of shallow water, as a place of safety to the swimmer: haec propemodum jam esse in vado salutis res videtur, i. e. in safety, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 73: at in vado'st: jam facile enabit, id. Rud. 1, 2, 81: omnis res est jam in vado, Ter. And. 5, 2, 4. Of shallows, as dangerous to the mariner: emersisse jam e vadis et scopulos praetervecta videtur oratio mea, Cic. Cael. 21, 51: cera vadum tentet, rasis infusa tabellis, explore the way, i. e. make a first attempt, Ov. A. A. 1, 437.

vaframentum
vā^frāmentum, i, n. vafer, a crafly device, a trick, quirk, artifice (post-class.), Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 7; soid. 7, 3, ext. 2; 7, 3, ext. 4.

vagatio
văgātĭo, ōnis, f. id., a strolling about, wandering, roaming: incerta, App. de Deo Socr. p. 50, 15.
Transf.: quam in certas facies inter vitam ac mortem coloris est vagatio, Sen. Q. N. 3, 18, 1 Haase.

Vagienni
Vagienni (-genni), ōrum, m., an Alpine people of Liguria, whose chief town was Augusta Vagiennorum, Plin. 3, 5, 7, §§ 47 and 49; 3, 16, 20, § 117; 3, 20, 24, § 135; called Bagenni, Sil. 8, 607.

vagina
vāgīna, ae, f. cf. vas, a scabbard, sheath. Lit., of a sword, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14; id. Marcell. 7, 57; Caes. B. G. 5, 44; Verg. A. 4, 579; 6, 260; 10, 475; Hor. S. 2, 1, 41; Ov. M. 10, 475; Val. Max. 8, 9, 2: (delphinus) pinnae aculeos velut vagina condens, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 25; cf. id. 8, 15, 17, § 41; 7, 52, 53, § 174; 11, 37, 77, § 198.
Trop.: senatus consultum inclusum in tabulis tamquam in vaginā reconditum habere, Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4: ut gladius ... ita vox in vaginā silentii condita hebetatur, App. Flor. 3, p. 357, 32. Transf., the covering, sheath, holder of any thing. In gen.: omnia principalia viscera membranis propriis ac velut vaginis inclusit natura, Plin. 11, 37, 77, § 198; cf.: cremato eo (corpore), inimici ... remeanti animae veluti vaginam ademerint, id. 7, 52, 53, § 174. The sheath of an ear of grain, etc., the hull, husk, Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 1 sq.; Cic. Sen. 15, 51.
Cf. of a frame or mould to shape a growing gourd, Plin. 19, 5, 24, § 70. The female vagina, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 85. The sheath of a claw, in cats, Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41.

vaginula
vāgīnŭla, ae, f. dim. vagina, II., a little sheath, husk of ears of grain, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 61.

vagio
vāgĭo, īvi or ĭi, 4, v. n. root vāk-, vāg-; cf. Ved. vacati, roars; Lat. vacca, 2. vagor: idcirco vagire dicitur, exprimente verbo sonum vocis recentis, Varr. ap. Gell. 16, 17, 2; of young children, to cry, squall. Lit.: audivisse vocem pueri visu'st vagientis, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 2: repuerascere et in cunis vagire, Cic. Sen. 23, 83: videtis ... populum non ut in cunabulis vagientem, sed adultum, id. Rep. 2, 11, 21; Ov. F. 2, 405; 4, 208; 6, 146; Stat. S. 4, 8, 35 al.
Of young goats, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll.; cf. vagitus.
Of young hares, Auct. Carm. Philom. 60.
Of swine, Mart. 3, 58, 37. Transf., to sound: clamor ad caelum volvendu' per aethera vagit, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll. (Ann. v. 520 Vahl.).

vagitus
vāgītus, ūs, m. vagio, a crying, squalling of young children: vagitus et ploratus, Plin. 7, praef. § 2: vagituque locum lugubri complet, Lucr. 5, 226: continuo auditae voces vagitus et ingens Infantumque animae flentes, Verg. A. 6, 426: edere vagitum, Quint. 1, 1, 21: dare, Ov. H. 11, 85: sonare vagitibus, Mart. 9, 21, 3.
Of the bleating of young goats, Ov. M. 15, 466; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll.
Of a crying for pain: nec nox ulla ... Quae non audierit mixtos vagitibus aegris Ploratus, Lucr. 2, 579; Cels. 7 praef. med.

vago
văgo, āre, 1, v. n., act. collat. form of vagor (ante-class.), to wander: te adloquor ... quae circum vicinos vagas, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14 Brix: exsul incerta vagat, Pac. ap. Non. 467, 25 (Trag. Rel. v. 225 Rib.): vagant matronae percitatae insaniā, Att. ap. Non. ib. (Trag. Rel. v. 236 ib.); cf. Varr., Turp., and Pompon. ib.

vagor
văgor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. [vagus], to stroll about, go to and fro, to ramble, wander, roam, range, rove (class.; syn.: erro, palor). Lit.: enim metuo ut possim reicere (boves) in bubile, ne vagentur, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 18: quae (natura) efficiat volucres huc illuc passim vagantes, Cic. Div. 2, 38, 80: cum in agris homines passim bestiarum more vagabantur, id. Inv. 1, 2, 2: tota Asia vagatur, volitat ut rex, id. Phil. 11, 2, 6: volitabit et vagabitur in foro, Auct. Her. 4, 39, 51: toto foro, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184; id. Font. 15, 33 (11, 23): totā urbe, Verg. A. 4, 68: tibicines feriati vagantur per urbem, Varr. L. L. 6, § 17 Müll.: Germani latius jam vagabantur, Caes. B. G. 4, 6; 1, 2; id. B. C. 1, 59: libera vagandi facultas, Hirt. B. G. 8, 32: qui populabundi in finibus Romanorum vagabantur, Liv. 3, 5, 13; 2, 60, 2: ad quattuor milia hominum frumentatum egressa cum in agris passim vagarentur, id. 36, 39, 20; 3, 58, 11; Ov. F. 1, 545; Quint. 5, 9, 12: canes circum tecta vagantur, Verg. G. 3, 540; id. A. 5, 560: circum vicos ludibundus, Suet. Ner. 26: ultra Terminum curis vagor expeditis, Hor. C. 1, 22, 11.
Of inanimate things: luna isdem spatiis vagatur quibus Sol, Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 103: stellae sponte suā, jussaene vagentur et errent, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 17 (cf.: stellae quae errantes et quasi vagae nominantur, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22): late vagatus est ignis, Liv. 5, 42, 2; cf. id. 44, 29, 6. Poet., with acc.: Ino etiam primā terras aetate vagata est, i. e. wandered through the earth, Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 19 (al. fugata est). Trop., to wander about, roam, be unsettled, waver, spread abroad, diffuse itself, etc.: speremus nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excurrunt et vagantur, id. ib. 2, 4, 7: quorum vagetur animus errore, id. Off. 2, 2, 7: ne vagari et errare cogatur oratio, id. de Or. 1, 48, 209: eo fit, ut errem et vager latius, id. Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf. id. Div. 1, 40 88: verba ita soluta, ut vagentur, id. de Or. 3, 44, 176; cf. id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: idcircone vager scribamque licenter, Hor. A. P. 265: non vagans oratio, sed defixa in unā re publicā, Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 22: video, qui de agri culturā scripserunt ... latius vagatos, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 13: Viennensium vitia inter ipsos residunt, nostra late vagantur, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 7: ea fama vagatur, is spread abroad, Verg. A. 2, 17; cf. Ov. M. 12, 54: quare mors immatura vagatur, Lucr. 5, 221: vagantibus Graeciae fabulis, i. e. variously related, fluctuating, Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 31.

vagor
vāgor, ōris, m. vagio, a sounding, sound: vagorem pro vagitu, Enn. (16, 32): qui clamos oppugnantis vagore volanti, Lucr. (2, 577), Fest. p. 375; cf. Non. 184, 22.

vah
vah (fuller form vaha, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 25; Afran. ap. Charis. p. 187 P.), interj., = Gr. οὐά, οὐᾶ; an exclamation of astonishment, joy, anger, etc., ah! oh! vah! solus hic homo'st, qui sciat divinitus, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 33; 2, 3, 79; id. Trin. 5, 2, 13 (ante-class. and late Lat.); id. Most. 1, 3, 99: vah! Homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86: vah consilium callidum! id. And. 3, 4, 10; cf.: cum dolentes dicimus heu! vel cum delectamur vah dicimus, Aug. Tract. in Joan. 51: vah! apage te a me, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 17; 4, 2, 39; id. Eun. 4, 5, 4: vah! perii! hoc malum integrascit, id. And. 4, 2, 5; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; Vulg. Job, 39, 25; id. Matt. 27, 40.

Valdasus
Valdăsus, i, m., a river in Pannonia, Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 148.

valeo
vălĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. n. kindr. with Sanscr. bála, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis, to be strong. Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health. In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo). Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.): puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat; plus valebat, id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.: sanus homo, qui bene valet, Cels. 1, 1 init.: si magis valet, id. 3, 18: si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before), id. 4, 7 init.: prout nervi valent, id. 8, 16.
Of plants: vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit, Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq. To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc. Of personal subjects, etc. With ad and acc.: alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107. With inf.: manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret, Suet. Galb. 21: mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi, Phaedr. 4, 1, 10: valet ima summis Mutare deus, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.: illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res, Lucr. 6, 1057: versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre), Hor. A. P. 40: nec valuere manus infixum educere telum, Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin. Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.: fimum potum ad dysentericos valet, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.
With contra: cimices valent contra serpentium morsus, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.
With eodem: id quoque collyrium eodem valet, Cels. 6, 6, 21.
With pro: ruta per se pro antidoto valet, Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.
With abl.: dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu, Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.
With inf.: sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere, Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177. Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5. Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty. In gen. Absol.: equidem valeo recte et salvus sum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36: perpetuon' valuisti? id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18: valen'? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius, id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9: dicit vilicus servos non valuisse, Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6: boves ut recte valeant, id. ib. 103: optime valere et gravissime aegrotare, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69: cura est, ut valeat, Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4: ego valeo recte et rem gero, id. Pers. 2, 3, 34: te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius, Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1: commode, Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14: minus valere ... melius valere, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1: nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8. With abl.: si corpore valuisset, Cic. Brut. 20, 77: nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5: pedibus, Nep. Phoc. 4, 1: stomacho, Juv. 6, 100. With ab and abl.: ab oculis, Gell. 13, 30, 10: a morbo, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecuniā perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9. Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.; and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.), Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.: mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est, Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1. Rarely impers. pass.: quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur? Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8. Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave). In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51: bene vale, Alcumena, id. Am. 1, 3, 1: vale atque salve, id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55: bene valete et vivite, id. Mil. 4, 8, 30: ite intro cito: valete, id. As. 3, 3, 155: abeo: valete, judices justissimi, id. Capt. prol. 67: vos valete et plaudite, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64: in hoc biduom vale, id. ib. 1, 2, 110: vive valeque, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.
Before a vowel, scanned vălĕ: et longum, Formose valē, valē, inquit Iolla, Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501. At the conclusion of letters: Vale, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3: cura ut valeas, Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.: tu me diligis et valebis, Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8. Also in bidding farewell to the dead: salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale, Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.; v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale, Cat. 101, 10: terque, Vale, dixit, Ov. F. 3, 563: supremumque vale ... dixit, id. M. 10, 62. As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone: valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46: immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illā, Ter. And. 5, 3, 18: valeas, habeas illam quae placet, id. Ad. 4, 4, 14: si talis est deus, ut nullā hominum caritate teneatur, valeat, good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124: valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13: quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9: valete curae, Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.
(ε) With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ĕre, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu: illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere, Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2: vix illud potui dicere triste vale, Ov. H. 13, 14: saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus, id. Tr. 1, 3, 57: tibi valedicere non licet gratis, Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.
So (late Lat.): vale facere (or valefacere), August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24. Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc. In gen.: fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma, will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1: fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt, id. Dom. 30, 79: dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo, id. Brut. 14, 57: tribunus plebis tulit ... ut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret, id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11: in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat, id. Leg. 2, 10, 23: valuit auctoritas, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53: verba si valent, id. Caecin. 21, 61: (ejus) valet opinio tarditatis, is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125: si conjuratio valuisset, id. ib. 17, 7: cujus ratio non valuit, Nep. Milt. 3, 7: jus tamen gentium valuit, Liv. 2, 4, 7: praetor ... ratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc., id. 44, 31, 6: et vestrae valuere preces, Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241. Esp. With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject. With abl.: non metuo mihi ... Dum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidiā meum, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50: reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2): multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summā voluntate valuerunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122: ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni, id. Leg. 3, 17, 38: quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine, id. Mur. 18, 38: parum valent (Graeci) verbo, i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: qui aut gratiā aut misericordiā valerent, Caes. B. C. 2, 44: dicendo, Nep. Ages. 1, 2: qui pedum cursu valet, Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78: Battiades ... Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet, Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14: plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt, Quint. 1, 8, 8: rogando, Ov. M. 2, 183: subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere, Quint. 12, 11, 8. With in and abl.: Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi, Cic. Brut. 36, 136: quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere, id. Caecin. 19, 55: in his maxime valet similitudo, Quint. 6, 3, 57: mire in causis valet praesumptio, id. 9, 2, 16: (digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet, id. 11, 3, 94. With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable. With in and acc.: hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet, id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116: cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat, id. Caecin. 31, 89: num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate, Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44: etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae, Quint. 2, 16, 10: hoc etiam in praeteritum valet, id. 9, 2, 20; cf.: cum ... idque in omnis partis valeret, Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2. With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc. ... quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5: id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo, Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. ι, infra. With ad and acc. of thing: tu non solum ad neglegendas leges ... verum etiam ad evertendas valuisti, Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res; ad omnis certe non valebit, id. Fat. 4, 8: illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam, id. Cat. 3, 12, 29: vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent, id. Ac. 1, 5, 21: ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc., id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnites ... amici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4: eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates, Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra. With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc. With apud: ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79: non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer, Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3: apud te veritas valebit, id. Quint. 1, 5: sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibus ... conscripta sunt? id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: magnis meritis apud regem ... valebat, Nep. Con. 3, 1: jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam naturā valebat, Sall. C. 9, 1: apud magnam partem senatūs et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratiā, Liv. 31, 48, 1: apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus, Quint. 6, 2, 28. With ad: dicitur enim C. Flaminius ... ad populum valuisse dicendo, Cic. Brut. 14, 57: clementiae fama ... ad ferociores jam populos valuit, Liv. 21, 6, 4: metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent, id. 38, 28, 6. With contra and acc.: hoc nonne videtur contra te valere? Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86: quae valeant contra falsam criminationem, id. de Or. 2, 79, 321: ne quid esset ... quod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8: cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet, Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra. With pro and abl.: multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46: epitheton valet pro nomine, Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra. With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare): nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula), Gell. 5, 12, 10. With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliquā ratione valerent Religionibus ... obsistere, Lucr. 1, 108: hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus, id. 3, 257: nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit, Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.: quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi, Hor. Epod. 16, 3: cetera ... adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium, id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27: nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus, Tib. 4, 1, 55: qui relicti erant ... ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt, Curt. 3, 4, 5: neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit, Suet. Caes. 79.
With things as subj.: ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet, Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. β, supra.
Esp., With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc. Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu's, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.): plus potest qui plus valet, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38: neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.
So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.): ignari quid gravitas ... quid denique virtus valeret, Cic. Sest. 28, 60: illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc., id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem; eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent ... collocabantur, id. Brut. 37, 139: cur minus Venena Medaeae valent? Hor. Epod. 5.62. With abl.: quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf. v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis, Caes. B. G. 2, 17: qui plus opibus, armis, potentiā valent, perfecisse mihi videntur ... ut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10: quasi vero ego ... in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem, id. Dom. 6, 14: Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse, id. Brut. 14, 55: quantum gratiā, auctoritate, pecuniā valerent, Caes. B. G. 7, 63: Caesar multum equitatu valebat, id. B. C. 1, 61: cum tantum equitatu valeamus, id. ib. 3, 86: equitatu plurimum valere, id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2. With in and abl.: nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146: hic multum in Fabiā (tribu) valet, ille Velinā, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52. With ad and acc.: multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur, Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12: ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere, id. Div. 2, 46, 97: valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas, id. de Or. 2, 43, 182: ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit, Caes. B. G. 6, 30: genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet, Quint. 5, 10, 56.
(ε) With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence: apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratiā, valebo tibi, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13: utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi, id. ib. 5, 54: potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46: non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis, id. Fam. 1, 9, 11: facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de suā vitā lacrimas matris valere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112: apud quem ut multum gratiā valeret, effecit, Nep. Con. 2, 1.
(ζ) With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.
(η) With pro: pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere, Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.: quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat, Caes. B. G. 1, 51.
(θ) With inter: plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere, Caes. B. G. 2, 4.
(ι) With adv. of pur pose: hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur, Nep. Them. 4, 4: non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae, Quint. 1, 2, 16: nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra. Idiomatic uses. Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant; quinarii, quod quinos, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret, Liv. 38, 11, 8: ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47: si haec praedia valeant nunc decem, Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4: quasi minimo valeret hereditas, ib. 19, 1, 13: quanti omnibus valet (servus), ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1. Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. δύνασθαι, to mean, signify, import: quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat, Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino; sed quae dicit, idem valent, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24: quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur, id. Top. 8, 34: hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident, id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat; id valet gallinacei rostrum, Suet. Vit. 18: pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant, Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.: et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio, id. 10, 1, 13: duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent, id. 1, 5, 4.
Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.). Lit. In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis; valens adflictet me, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44: virgatores, id. As. 3, 2, 19: robusti et valentes et audaces satellites, Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84: cum homo imbecillus a valentissimā bestiā laniatur, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: valentissimi lictores, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142: homines, id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35: hic membris et mole valens, Verg. A. 5, 431: membris valens, Ov. M. 9, 108: corpore esse vegeto et valenti, Gell. 3, 1, 11: nervi musculique, Cels. 8, 20: trunci, Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est ... Ex leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18: tunicae, stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35. In partic. Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty: valeo et venio ad minus valentem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24: medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2: puer, horā undecimā cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est, id. Clu. 9, 27; cf. valens (opp. imbecillus), id. Fam. 16, 5, 2: (sensus) si sani sunt et valentes, id. Ac. 2, 7, 19: si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum, Cels. 7, 26, 5: sive aegra, sive valens, Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.
Subst.: qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15; so opp. aeger, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186. Of medicines, strong, powerful, active: valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba, Cels. 4, 15 fin.: medicamenta, id. 1, 3 med.: silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora, Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87. Trop., strong, powerful, mighty: mallem tantas ei (Caesari) vires non dedisset (res publica) quam nunc tam valenti resisteret, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 4: fuit quondam ita firma haec civitas et valens, id. Har. Resp. 28, 60: cum valentiore pugnare, id. Fam. 5, 21, 2: valens dialecticus, id. Fat. 6, 12: ut fieri nihil possit valentius, id. Brut. 16, 64: Philippus jam tum valens multa moliebatur, Nep. Timoth. 3, 1: opibus jam valentes, id. Eum. 10, 3: argumenta valentiora, Quint. 5, 13, 12: quid pars adversa habeat valentissimum, id. 5, 13, 52: nec fraus valentior quam consilium meum, Cic. Univ. 11: ad letum causae satis valentes, Ov. M. 5, 174; so, causae, id. Tr. 1, 8, 29: causa valentior, id. P. 1, 10, 35: deus morbo omni valentior, Stat. S. 1, 4, 111: oppida valentissima, Nep. Ham. 2, 4.
Hence, adv.: vă-lenter, strongly, stoutly, powerfully, violently (perh. not ante-Aug.). Lit.: resistere, Col. 1, 5, 9; 3, 2, 15: nimis valenter ibi retenta materia, Cels. 5, 26, 21: praeceps spirare valentius Eurus (coepit), Ov. M. 11, 481. Trop., of speech, forcibly, energetically: non diu dicebat sed valenter, Sen. Contr. 3, 22 med.: si verba numeres, breviter et abscise: si sensum aestimes, copiose et valenter, Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6.

valeria
vălĕrĭa, ae, f., a kind of eagle, called by the Greeks melanaĕtos, Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 6.

valesco
vălesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [valeo], to grow strong, acquire strength (rare; not in Cic.): (puerorum aetas) tali pacto recreata valescat, Lucr. 1, 942; 4, 17: sucus ex quo omne corpus valescit, Ambros. de Noë et Arca, 9, 28. Trop.: scelera impetu, bona consilia mora valescere, Tac. H. 1, 32: falsa, id. A. 2, 39: superstitiones, id. ib. 11, 15: meditatio et labor in posterum, id. ib. 4, 61.

valetudinarius
vălētūdĭnārĭus, a, um, adj. valetudo, sickly, infirm, weak, valetudinary (not in Cic.). Adj.: pecus (opp. sanum), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 15: fenerator, Sen. Ira, 3, 33, 2. Substt. vălētūdĭnā-rĭus, ii, m., one in infirm health, an invalid, valetudinarian: ebrioso vina mittere aut valetudinario medicamenta, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 6; Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 2; 27, 1, 41. vălētūdĭnārĭum, ii, n. A sick-room, hospital, infirmary, Cels. praef.; Sen. Ep. 27, 1; id. Ira, 1, 16, 3; 2, 16, 4; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 5 fin.; Tac. Or. 21; Col. 11, 1, 18; 12, 3, 8. A military lazar - house or hospital, Veg. Mil. 2, 10; 3, 2; Dig. 50, 6, 6.

valetudo
vălētūdo (vălītūdo), ĭnis, f. valeo, habit, state, or condition of body, state of health, health, whether good or bad. Lit. In gen.: optimā valetudine uti, Caes. B. C. 3, 49: valetudine minus commodā uti, id. ib. 3, 62: integra, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 47: bona, Lucr. 3, 102; Cic. Lael. 6, 20; Quint. 10, 3, 26; Cato, R. R. 141, 3: melior, Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 120: commodior, Quint. 6, 3, 77: incommoda, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: infirma atque etiam aegra, id. Brut. 48, 180: quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine, id. Sen. 11, 35: adversa, Just. 41, 6: dura, Hor. S. 2, 2, 88: confirmata, Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265: ut valetudini tuae diligentissime servias, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46: multum interest inter vires et bonam valetudinem, Sen. Q. N. 1, praef. 6.
Plur.: sic caecitas ferri facile possit, si non desint subsidia valetudinum, of different states of health, i. e. whatever they may be, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 113. In partic. A good state or condition, soundness of body, good health, healthfulness (syn.: salus, sanitas): valetudo decrescit, adcrescit labor, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4: valetudo (opportuna est), ut dolore careas et muneribus fungare corporis, Cic. Lael. 6, 22: cui Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abunde, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 10: valetudo sustentatur notitiā sui corporis et observatione, quae res aut prodesse soleant aut obesse, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 86: melior fio valetudine, quam intermissis exercitationibus amiseram, id. Fam. 9, 18, 3: id pecus valetudinis tutissimae est, Col. 7, 22: hoc cibo ... firmitatem valetudinis custodiri, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42; cf.: Quaque valetudo constat, nunc libera morbis, Nunc oppressa, Manil. 3, 140; cf. also Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265. A bad state or condition, ill health, sickness, feebleness, infirmity, indisposition (syn.: infirmitas, imbecillitas): curatio valetudinis, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 123: gravitas valetudinis, quā tamen jam paulum videor levari, id. Fam. 6, 2, 1: affectus valetudine, Caes. B. C. 1, 31: gravis auctumnus omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat, id. ib. 3, 2: quodam valetudinis genere tentari, Cic. Att. 11, 23, 1: quod me propter valetudinem tuam ... non vidisses, id. Fam. 4, 1, 1: quod his Nonis in collegio nostro non affuisses, valetudinem causam, non maestitiam fuisse, id. Lael. 2, 8: excusatione te uti valetudinis, id. Pis. 6, 13: quibus (latere, voce) fractis aut imminutis aetate seu valetudine, Quint. 12, 11, 2: medicus quid in quoque valetudinis genere faciendum sit, docebit, id. 7, 10, 10: Blaesus novissimā valetudine conflictabatur, Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 7: major, i. e. morbus comitialis, Just. 13, 2: oculorum, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6: calculorum, Plin. 21, 27, 100, § 173.
Plur.: medicus regere valetudines principis solitus, Tac. A. 6, 50: valetudinibus fessi, id. H. 3, 2: quod ad febrium valitudines attinet, Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48: graves et periculosas valetudines experiri, Suet. Aug. 81; id. Tib. 11; Vitr. 1, 4. Trop. (rare but class.), of the mind, health, soundness, sanity: ii sunt constituti quasi malā valetudine animi, sanabiles tamen, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80: roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis, Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf.: valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constitit, unsound state of mind, mental infirmity, Suet. Calig. 50.
Rarely without animi: qui valetudinis vitio furerent et melancholici dicerentur, Cic. Div. 1, 38, 81. Of style: quos (Lysiae studiosi), valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat, Cic. Brut. 16, 64. Personified: Valetudo, Health, as a divinity, Mart. Cap. 1, § 55.

valgus
valgus, a, um, adj. root varg, to turn awry, twist; Sanscr. vrginas, twisted; cf. ruga, for fruga, and Anglo-Sax. wrinkle, having the calves of the legs bent outwards, bow-legged. Lit.: valgos Opilius Aurelius aliique complures aiunt dici, qui diversas suras habeant, Fest. p. 375 Müll.; cf. Cels. 8, 20; Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l.; Nov. ap. Non. 25, 12. Transf.: suavia, wry mouths, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 16.
Cf. adv.: valgĭter, awry, wryly: valgiter commovebat labra, Petr. 26: obtorto valgiter labello, id. Fragm. ap. Fulg. Prisc. serm. 566, 2.

vallaris
vallāris, e, adj. vallum, of or belonging to a rampart: corona, given to him who first mounted the enemy's rampart, Liv. 10, 46, 3; 30, 28, 6; Suet. Aug. 25; Plin. 16, 4, 3, § 7; 22, 3, 4, § 6.