tu tū (old form of the gen. sing. tis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 42; id. Trin. 2, 2, 62; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 87; id. Ps. 1, 1, 6; acc. ted, id. As. 2, 2, 33 et saep.; gen. plur. vestrorum or vostrorum, Pac. ap. Non. 85, 5; Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 123; fem. vostrarum, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 6; v. ego init.), pers. pron. [Sanscr. tva, tvam; Gr. σύ; Dor. τύ; Goth. thu; Germ. du; Engl. thou, etc.], thou. In gen.: nec pol homo quisquam faciet impune animatus Hoc nisi tu, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 101 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 9, 422: unus erit quem tu tolles in caerula caeli Templa, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 66 Vahl.): tu mihi etiam legis Portiae, tu C. Gracchi, tu horum libertatis, tu cujusquam denique hominis popularis mentionem facis,Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13: nec dulces amores Sperne puer, neque tu choreas,Hor. C. 1, 9, 16: ego tu sum, tu es ego: uni animi sumus,Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49: mei te rogandi et tui respondendi mihi (labor),id. Ps. 1, 1, 4. Fem.: cum tui videndi est copia,Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 19: neque mei neque te tui intus puditum est,id. Bacch. 3, 1, 12; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 19: quia tis egeat, quia te careat,id. Mil. 4, 2, 42: tibi aras. tibi occas, tibi seris, tibi eidem metis,id. Merc. 1, 1, 71: quot pondo ted esse censes nudum?id. As. 2, 2, 33 et saep.: vosne velit an me regnare era, Fors, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 203 Vahl.): si quis quid vostrum Epidamnum curari sibi Velit,Plaut. Men. prol. 51: vestri adhortandi causā,Liv. 21, 41, 1: istanc tecum conspicio simul,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 112: stulta multum, quae vobiscum fabuler,id. Mil. 2, 5, 33. Emphatic. Jam tibi cerebrum Dispercutiam, excetra tu, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 24 sq.: neque postulem abs te, ni ipsa res moneat,Ter. And. 3, 3, 19: nec enim illa studia deserui, quibus etiam te incendi,Cic. Fat. 2, 3: tu si hic sis aliter sentias,Ter. And. 2, 1, 10. Esp. in opp. to another pron. pers.: id mihi da negoti: tu tamen Perge, etc.,Ter. And. 3, 2, 41: an mihi potest quicquam esse molestum quod tibi gratum futurum sit?Cic. Fat. 2, 4: nos patriam fugimus... tu, Tityre, lentus, etc.,Verg. E. 1, 4; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 6.Poet., in second clause of a command, etc.: solve metus, et tu Trojanos exue caestus,Verg. A. 5, 420; cf. id. ib. 5, 691; 6, 365; Hor. C. 1, 9, 16. With an emphatic -te or -met suffixed (only in the forms tute or tutemet, tibimet, tete, vosmet, and vobismet): o Tite, tute, Tati, tibi tanta, tyranne, tulisti, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 947 P. (Ann. v. 113 Vahl.): bene mones: tute ipse cunctas, id. ap. Non. 469, 25 (Com. v. 3 Vahl. p. 153): Al. Quae ex te audivi: ut urbem maximam Expugnavisses regemque Pterelam tute occideris. Am. Egone istuc dixi? Al. Tute istic, etiam astante hoc Sosia, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 114 sq.: tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsisti, pater,Ter. And. 1, 1, 124: utere igitur argumento, Laeli, tute ipse sensus tui,Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59: tute,id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27; 10, 31: ut tute mihi praecepisti,id. Fam. 1, 8, 2: tute scis si modo meministi me tibi tum dixisse, etc.,id. Att. 12, 18, a, 2. Acc.: uxor, si cesses, aut te amare cogitat Aut tete amari,Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 8; so, tete,id. Phorm. 3, 1, 3: tibi si recta probanti placebis, tum non modo tete viceris, etc.,Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: nisi quid tibi in tete auxilii est, absumptus es,Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 76: tutemet mirabere,Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 133: tutemet in culpā cum sis,Lucr. 4, 915: tutemet a nobis ... quaeres,id. 1, 102: tibimet ipse supplicia irroga,Sen. Hippol. 1222: ita vosmet aiebatis,Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 18: atque hoc vosmet ipsi, scio ... haud aliter id dicetis,id. Most. 1, 2, 13: vos quoque in eā re consilio me adjuvate: nullum libentius sequor quam quod vosmet ipsi attuleritis,Liv. 34, 17, 9; 3, 56, 3 Drak. N. cr. In partic. Tibi, as a dativus ethicus (cf. Ruddim. II. p. 126, n. 44): alter tibi descendit de palatio et aedibus suis,Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133: ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates,id. de Or. 2, 22, 94; so, ecce tibi,id. Sest. 41, 89; id. Att. 2, 15, 3: hic Marius veniet tibi origine parva,Sil. 13, 854: haec vobis ipsorum per biduum militia fuit,Liv. 22, 60 et saep. Vos, addressed to one person as a representative of more than one, or with a collective noun in the sing.: vos, vero, Attice, et praesentem me curā levatis, et, etc.,Cic. Brut. 3, 11: sed quid hoc loco vos inter vos, Catule?id. de Or. 2, 73, 295; id. Dom. 31, 83: vos, Romanus exercitus, ne destiteritis impio bello?Liv. 7, 40, 12 Drak.: vos, Gaetulia sueta, etc.,Sil. 3, 287: vos, o Calliope, precor aspirate canenti,i. e.
,App. Flor. p. 359, 29: qui ne tuberibus propriis offendat amicum Postulat, ignoscet verrucis illius, boils ... warts, for great and slight faults, Hor. S. 1, 3, 73. Transf., of plants. A knob, hard excrescence on wood: tuber utrumque arboris ejus,Plin. 16, 16, 27, § 68; 16, 43. 84, § 231; 25, 8, 54, § 95.A kind of mushroom, a truffle, moril, a favorite article of food among the Romans, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 33: tenerrima verno esse,id. 19, 3, 13, § 37 sq.; Juv. 5, 116; 5, 119; 14, 7; Mart. 13, 50, 2. Tuber terrae. Mole-hill, as a term of abuse, Petr. 58.Anothername for the cyclaminon, Plin. 25, 9, 67, § 115.
tuberans tūbĕrans, antis, adj.1. tuber, swelling out, swelling: sinus,App. M. 2, p. 121, 22.
tuberatus tūbĕrātus, a, um, adj.id., covered with knobs or bosses = tuberosus: ocreae, Fest. s. v. ocrem, p. 181 Müll.
tuberculum tūbercŭlum, i, n.dim.id., a small swelling, bump, or protuberance; a boil, pimple, tubercle: in gingivis,Cels. 6, 13: in capite,id. 7, 6: fabae,
tubicen tŭbĭcen, cĭnis, m.tuba-cano, a trumpeter; esp. in war: cornicines tubicinesque canere jubet,Liv. 2, 64, 10; Auct. B. Afr. 82, 3; Ov. M. 3, 705; Sen. Ep. 78, 16; 76, 4. At sacrifices: sacrorum,Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Müll. At funerals, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 20, 2, 3; Petr. 129. Tubicines etiam hi appellantur, qui sacerdotes viri speciosi publice sacra faciunt tubarum lustrandarum gratia, Fest. p. 352 Müll.
tubilustrium tŭbĭlustrĭum or tŭbŭlustrĭum, ii, n.tuba-lustro, a festival held on the 23d of March and 23d of May, when the trumpets used at sacrifices were purified, the feast of trumpets: dies tubulustrium appellatur, quod eo die in atrio sutorio sacrorum tubae lustrantur,Varr. L. L. 6, § 14 Müll. (cf. Ov. F. 3, 849). Also plur.: tubilustria,Ov. F. 5, 725; cf. Fest. p. 352 Müll.
tubula tŭbŭla, ae, f.dim.tuba, a small trumpet, Sen. Ep. 56, 4.
tubulatio tŭbŭlātĭo, ōnis, f.tubulus, a hollowing into a tube, tubulation: ligulae,App. Flor. p. 346, 28; Arn. 3, 108 (al. incumulatio).
tuburcinabundus tuburcĭnābundus (tuburchĭn-), a, um, adj.tuburcinor, greedily eating or devouring, gobbling (cf. lurcus), Cato ap. Quint. 1, 6, 42 Spald.
tuburcinor tuburcĭnor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a., to eat greedily, gobble up, devour (syn. voro): raptim manducare,Non. 179, 21 (ante- and postclass.): de suo,Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 42; Titin. and Turp. ap. Non. 1. 1.!*? tuburcĭnātus, a, um, in a pass. signif.: prandio raptim tuburcinato,App. M. 6, p. 183, 30.
tuccetum tuccētum or tūcētum, i, n., a kind of sausage or haggis: tuceta crassa,Pers. 2, 43 Schol.: sapidissimum,App. M. 2, p. 117; 7, p. 192; 9, p. 227; Arn. 2, 73.
Tuder Tŭder, ĕris, n., a town in Umbria, near the Tiber, now Todi, Plin. 3, 14, 19, § 113; Sil. 6, 645. Hence, Tŭders, ertis, adj. m., of or belonging to Tuder; as subst., an inhabitant of Tuder, Sil. 4, 222; 8, 464; Inscr. Orell. 1228 and 3726.Tŭder-nis, is, adj. f., of or belonging to Tuder: vitis,Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 36.
tudes tŭdes, is (ĭtis, acc. to Fest. p. 253 Müll.), m.root tud, tundo; Sanscr. tud-, to thrust, a hammer, mallet: tudites malleos appellant antiqui a tundendo,Fest. p. 352 sq. Müll.: fabriles operae tudibus contundere massas Festinant, Auct. Aetnae, 659.
Tudicius Tudicĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens: Cn. Tudicius,
tudicula tŭdĭcŭla, ae, f.dim.tudes, a small machine for bruising olives, Col. 12, 52, 7.
tudiculo tŭdĭcŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.tudicula, to stir, stir about (ante- and post-class.), Varr. ap. Non. 178, 30: cum bene ferbuerit, tudiculabis,Apic. 5, 2.
tuditans tŭdĭtans, antis, Part. [tud, tundo], striking or beating often (ante-class.). Lit., Lucr. 3, 394: corpora,id. 2, 1142.Trop., pushing or driving on: tuditantes significat negotium tundentes, id est agentes, Fest. pp. 352 and 353 Müll.: haec inter sese tum (certabant) tuditantes, Enn. ib. (Ann. v. 138 Vahl.).
tueor tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 (perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151: tuĕris,Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82: tuimur,Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449; 6, 934: tuamur,id. 4, 361: tuantur,id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.); alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq. Accordingly, To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3: e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,Lucr. 4, 312: ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,id. 4, 434: caeli templa,id. 6, 1228 al.: tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713: talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,id. ib. 4, 362: transversa tuentibus hircis,id. E. 3, 8: acerba tuens,
looking fiercely
,Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794: torva,id. ib. 6, 467. With object-clause: quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163. Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.: curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne ... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12: ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140: omnia,id. N. D. 2, 23, 60: mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2: societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,id. Fin. 5, 23, 65: concordiam,id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1: dignitatem,id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48: L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,id. Brut. 20, 80: personam in re publicā,id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1: tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41: aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,
,Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46). Poet., with gen.: (pars ratium) tuta fugae,Luc. 9, 346. With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2: ab insidiis,Hor. S. 2, 6, 117: a periculo,Caes. B. G. 7, 14: ab hoste,Ov. H. 11, 44: ab hospite,id. M. 1, 144: a conjuge,id. ib. 8, 316: a ferro,id. ib. 13, 498: a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,Phaedr. 1, 31, 9. With ad and acc.: turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,Caes. B. C. 3, 39: ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,Liv. 25, 38, 14: testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,id. 36, 32, 6. With adversus: adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,Cels. 5, 23, 3: quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,Curt. 7, 9, 2: loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1: per quem tutior adversus casus steti,Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2: quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,Just. 10, 1, 7. (ε) With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3. Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man: si dicere palam parum tutum est,Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33: o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,Prop. 1, 15, 42: tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48: nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63. As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42: tuta et parvula laudo,Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42: trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,Ov. M. 10, 714: in tuto ut collocetur,Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11: esse in tuto,id. ib. 4, 3, 30: ut sitis in tuto,Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3: in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7: in tutum receptus est,Liv. 2, 19, 6.Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.; syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,Hor. A. P. 28: tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,id. ib. 266: non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36: id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,Liv. 22, 38, 13: celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,id. 9, 32, 3. Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.Posit. Form tute (very rare): crede huic tute,Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102: eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9: tute cauteque agere,id. ib. 3, 7, 13. Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry): pervenire,Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179: dimicare,Caes. B. G. 3, 24: tuto et libere decernere,id. B. C. 1, 2: ut tuto sim,
tufa tūfa, ae, f., a kind of helmet-crest; or, acc. to others, a kind of military standard, Veg. Mil. 3, 5; cf. Lyd. Magistr. 1, 8 (hence the Fr. toupet).
Tugio Tugĭo, ōnis, m., a jurist in the time of Cicero, Cic. Balb. 20, 45.
tuguriolum tŭgŭrĭŏlum, i, n.dim.tugurium, a little hut or cottage, App. M. 4, p. 147, 34; Arn. 6, 191; Hier. Ep. 112, 5.
tuguriunculum tŭgŭrĭuncŭlum, i, n.dim.tugurium, a little hut or cottage, Hier. Vit. Hil. 9.
Tuisco Tuisco, ōnis, m., the progenitor of the Germans, honored by them as a god, Tac. G. 2; cf. Grimm, Myth. pp. 176 and 318 (2d ed.).
tuitio tŭĭtĭo, ōnis, f.tueor, II., a taking care of, keeping, guarding, preserving, defense, protection, preservation; with gen. subj. praetoris, Dig. 7, 4, 1 pr.; with gen. obj.: tuitio sui,Cic. Top. 23, 90: pudoris,Macr. S. 2, 2 med.; Dig. 37, 11, 2; 7, 9, 9: militaris,Cod. Just. 1, 46, 1: aedium,Hier. in Isa. 16, 57, 7.
tuitus tŭĭtus, a, um, Part. of tueor.
tuli tŭli, v. fero.
Tulingi Tulingi, ōrum, m., a German or Helvetic tribe on the Rhine, Caes. B. G. 1, 5.
Tullia Tullĭa, ae, v. Tullius.
Tulliane Tullĭānē, adv., v. Tullius fin.
Tullianus Tullĭānus, a, um, v. Tullius.
Tulliola Tullĭŏla, ae, f.dim.Tullia, a pet name for Tullia, the daughter of Cicero, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 3; 1, 10, 6 et saep.
Tullius Tullĭus, i, m.; Tullĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens. Esp., Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, Liv. 1, 41 sqq. M. Tullius Cicero, the renowned statesman and orator. Q. Tullius Cicero, his brother. M. Tullius Tiro, a freedman of M. Cicero.Fem. Tullia, a daughter of king Servius Tullius, and wife of Tarquinius Superbus. Also, A daughter of M. Tullius Cicero. Hence, Tullĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Tullius, Tullian: semis,Cic. Att. 15, 29, 1: caput,id. ib. 15, 26, 4: Scipio, i. e. introduced in Cicero's Somnium Scipionis, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1. Subst.: Tullĭānum, i, n., the dungeon of the state-prison in Rome, built by king Servius Tullius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 151 Müll.; Sall. C. 55, 3 sq.; Liv. 29, 22, 10; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 262 sq. Adv.: Tullĭānē, in the manner of M. Tullius Cicero: jocari, Aug. contr. Pelag. 2, 10, 37.
Tullus Tullus, i, m., a Roman prœnomen, e.g. Tullus Hostilius, the third king of Rome, Liv. 1, 22 sqq.; Val. Max. 3, 4, 1; 9, 12, 1: Tullus Cluilius,
tulo tulo, tĕtŭli (tŭli), 3, v. a.akin with tollo; Gr. τλάω, ante-class. collat. form of fero, to bring, bear, lift up: nisi quid tua facultas nobis tulat opem, peream, Att. ap. Macr. Diff. et Soc. Gr. et Lat. Verb. 6, 14 (Trag. Frag. v. 102 Rib.); cf. Non. 178, 16; and v. fero init.
tum tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. το, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.Absol. Referring to a time previously specified. To a definite past time. To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus: is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.: quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16: cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,id. de Or. 3, 34, 138: erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111: vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11; 44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6; 39, 6, 7 and 9. With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius ... loquebantur quam pugnabant,Nep. Thras. 2, 4. Referring to a point of time, then, at that time: insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo; ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15: jam duo restabant fata tum,id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether ... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432; 5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69: scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessaliā tum admodum nobilis,id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63: hi tum in Asiā rhetorum principes,id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2: hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,Caes. B. C. 3, 112: eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5; 2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,id. 8, 3, 9: Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6; 1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,Vell. 1, 8, 3: tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57: non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,Curt. 3, 11, 5: Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3. With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5. Repeated by anaphora: quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio ... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399. Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists: quaesivit ex lege illā Corneliā quae tum erat,Cic. Clu. 20, 55: cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,id. ib. 27, 75: Caere, opulento tum oppido,Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3: praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,Tac. H. 4, 9. Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras; nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138: tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopiā?Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48: quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112: tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos ... auferebat,id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6. (ε) Opposed to another time specified: itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provinciā litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11: itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55: sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11; 21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7. (ζ) In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus ... vehementius exterreamur; ut tum accidit,Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80: foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12. (η) Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion: quis tum non ingemuit?Cic. Vatin. 13, 31: ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt; nunc agendum est subtilius,id. Fin. 4, 27, 74: itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,i. e.
in that trial
,id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22: M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3: sed tum supplicia dis ... decernuntur,Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72: Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,Ov. M. 14, 474. With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius ... ex petulanti scurrā in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,Cic. Clu. 13, 39: emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis ... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7. Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice beluā vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45; so repeated seven times,id. Rep. 1, 40, 62. (θ) Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.): atque hoc tum judicio facto ... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,Cic. Clu. 20, 56: itaque tum ille inopiā et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively. In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse: quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so
,Liv. 3, 62, 1: (dixit Sempronius) ... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4: moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.). Referring to indefinite time. Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season: tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87. With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened: qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13: deinde cibum sequitur somnus ... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919; 4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus ... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus ... nullam in partem movetur,Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7. With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, quā causā missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem; fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12: ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more ...; tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus ...; tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8. Referring to future time. To a definite time before mentioned: ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,i. e.
after my future return
,Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27: jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30: tum meae ... Vocis accedet bona pars,Hor. C. 4, 2, 45. With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. β, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.: quom videbis, tum scies,id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus; Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17: confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis ... tum intelleges, etc.,Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115: agedum, dictatorem creemus ... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4. Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon. Simple sequence in time. Time proper (only of an immediate sequence; otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,Enn. Ann. 179: dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno ... amittere binos (dentes); tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit ... Tum ad mensam eximiā formā pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61: dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium ... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77: hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.; 5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens ... hostes fudit,Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4; 3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5. In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.: tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12: tum omni spe perditā, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16: tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,Nep. Epam. 9, 4. Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon: at pater omnipotens irā tum percitus acri ... Phaëthonta ... Deturbavit in terram,Lucr. 5, 399: madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine ... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem ... vehementer esse perterritos,Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51; 7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7. Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum ... tum, or primum (primo) ... deinde ... tum, etc. Succession of time proper: ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.: primo ... deinde ... tum ... tum,id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5: primum ... deinde ... tum ... postremo,id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam; postremum, etc.,Liv. 2, 39, 4: primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,id. 9, 6, 1: primo ... deinde ... tum ... tum,id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7; 23, 23, 6: deinde ... deinde ... Tum ... post quas, etc.,Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum ... deinde ... deinde ... tum ... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60. So in partic.: tum (also hic, et; not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens ... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.: tum Piso ... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus ... inquit, etc. Hic ego ... inquam, etc. Tum ille ... inquit, etc. Tum Piso ... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens ... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.: tum Atticus ... inquit, etc. Tum ille ... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius ... inquit, etc.,id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. β, γ), then ... again ... furthermore: qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores .... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11. Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought. Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.; rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam ... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152: magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina ... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26: alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes; duae ab Heracleā triremes ... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3. Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum ... tum (v. infra, 3. d.): quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14: faciendum est igitur nobis ut ... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus ... confirmetur,Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra). Tum as correlative of a preceding tum. With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae ... plurimi In urbe habitant; tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102. Tum ... tum = nunc ... nunc (modo ... modo), sometimes ... sometimes, now ... now, at one time ... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Cæs., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers): tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17: tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134: mihi ... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49: (alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66: dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15. Tum may be repeated several times: plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26; so three times,id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96; four times,id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; five times,id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94; six times,id. ib. 1, 53, 120; seven times,Quint. 9, 4, 133; nine times,Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51. And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. α and γ): Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
,Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25. By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly: cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69: cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29. By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all: cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3: fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2. By inprimis, chiefly, principally: cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3. (ε) By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio ... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131. (ζ) By certe, especially, at least, assuredly: at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10. (η) By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly: cum plurimas ... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,Cic. Am. 7, 23. (θ) By etiam, besides, as well: cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos ... tenebat,Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2: quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: cum suā virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143. (ι) By quoque, also, besides, as well: cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72. (κ) By et, also, besides, too: cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,Just. 19, 1, 7. (λ) By praeterea, moreover, besides: dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Siciliā abstulisse,Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56. Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings). With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when. Referring to definite past time. Tum as antecedent of cum: jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illā?Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21: qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsā morte quaerebat,Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11: tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,Liv. 45, 3, 7: tum cum Vipereos sparsi ... dentes,Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12. After pluperf.: nam tum cum in Asiā res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impeditā fidem concidisse,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15fin. Tum inserted in the temporal clause: cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam ... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,Ter. And. 5, 1, 20. Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.). Of coincident events, cum ... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18: cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13: cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.: id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4. Inserted in the apodosis: cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,Liv. 5, 22, 3. Referring to definite present time: quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12. Referring to indefinite time. As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia; etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31: nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455; 4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93. Tum maxime ... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis: eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime ... tum maxime; v. b. α foll. Tum introducing the apodosis. As coincident: quom amamus, tum perimus,Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94: ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156): cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15. Cum maxime ... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis: nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45: quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30poet. As subsequent: ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47: eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio ... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44. Referring to future time. Tum as antecedent of cum: quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20: non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Romā discesserit,Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5. Tum introducing the apodosis: quom videbis, tum scies,Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30: de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10. With temporal clause, introduced by ubi. Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare): vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,Cato, R. R. 33: tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52. Tum introducing the apodosis. Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde): ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3: ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4. Referring to indefinite time: post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17: ubi jam morbi se flexit causa ... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526. Referring to future time: otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14: ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27: ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55: ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8. With a temporal clause introduced by postquam. Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare): Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. β). Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde). Referring to definite past time: posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc): postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6. Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam ... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitiā pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3. With a temporal clause introduced by ut. Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare): tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici ... conspexit,Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218. Tum introducing the apodosis. Of definite past time: nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum ... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46: sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata ... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6. Referring to future time: neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146: traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc. With a temporal clause introduced by quando. Tum as antecedent of the clause. Of definite past time: auctoritatem senatūs exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41. Of future time: at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57: utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75. Tum introducing the apodosis. Of indefinite time (quando = whenever): quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85: quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4. Of future time: at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23: quando ab eādem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24: quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4. In the apodosis after simul ac: an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?Lucr. 6, 402. With a temporal clause introduced by dum. Tum as antecedent: sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66). Tum introducing the apodosis: dum habeat, tum amet,Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23: dum se glomerant ... tum pondere turris Procubuit,Verg. A. 9, 540. As antecedent of quamdiu: qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provinciā fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58. Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum: quando ergo erga te benignus fui ... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet ... referre gratiam,Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35: cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum ... substituere coepit cives Romanos,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72. After relative clauses denoting time: quā tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.). With conditional clauses. With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi). Tum as antecedent of clause: tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40: si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112: tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21. Tum introducing the apodosis: si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27: quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142: si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32. Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam sīris esse,Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10. With a condition contrary to fact. Tum, antecedent of clause: tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164: tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73. Tum introducing the apodosis: si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56: quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientiā collocaret,Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. After an abl. absol. With perfect participles (= postquam or cum ... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum. Referring to definite past time: ut morte ejus nuntiatā tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,Cic. Mur. 16, 34: sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,Sall. C. 61, 1: ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republicā dictator rettulit,Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68. Referring to indefinite time: hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315. Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.): ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22. With pres. participles (post-class.): tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,Just. 12, 15, 6. Particular connections. With other particles of time. Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated: jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34: quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037: ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4: jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14; 24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29. Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action. Tum demum. In gen.: adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,Lucr. 3, 58: tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1: nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47. In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause: imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60: tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13: cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7. Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65. Tum denique. In gen.: tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,Varr. R. R. 2, 5: injectā glaebā tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664. Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.): tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33: quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so, tum denique si,id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1: indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. α). Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time: tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,Lucr. 5, 1014: ludorum gratiā quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11: ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic. Deinde tum (very rare): primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62. Tum deinde. = tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only: nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11: emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251. So corresp. with cum: quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. = an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in primā parte sumere debuit; tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19. With hic: hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94: hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73: hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25. Tum postea: tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.). With interim: unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat ... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss. ... despondet ei filiam suam,Cic. Clu. 64, 179. With particles of emphasis. Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action. In gen.: discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare ... coepit,Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107: semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere ... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,id. Clu. 18, 51: tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42: Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor ... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus ... coepit esse,Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37. And in enumerations: deinde ... post autem ... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5. As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.: quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3: tum vero ... si,Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. α, β). With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1: quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari ... vidit, Tum vero gemitus ... Edidit,Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.). Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so, actum quidem,id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39: et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se ... post dies paucos, etc.,Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10; 7, 17, 3. Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem ... filium appellat,Curt. 4, 7, 25. Merely emphatic: Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12. With cum, Tac. Dial. 11. Ne tum quidem, not even then: num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98: ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18. With cum: ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11. Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime). Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi συμπόσια, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26. With cum: quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum ... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.): regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1: per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,id. 40, 32, 1; so, tum cummaxime,id. 43, 7, 8: corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53. So with cum: et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2. Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. β (for cum maxime ... tum maxime and tum maxime ... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.). Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare): C. Caesar ... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16. Etiam tum. Even then: etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28: totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
,Ov. H. 8, 79. Tum etiam. Followed by si or cum, even if, even when: atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65: qui tum etiam cum ... circumfusi erant caligine,Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.Then also, then too, besides: tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef. Tum quoque. Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum; nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,Lucr. 6, 162: tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28: tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.Even then, = etiam tum (rare): et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190. In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now: quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,Liv. 42, 62, 7. = sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1; 9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputatā dextrā, navem sinistrā comprehendit,Just. 2, 9, 18. Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.: nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ... moderanda est,Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60: quem quidem cum suā voluntate ex patriā Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.: tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,id. Div. 1, 52, 118: ita (oratores), non injuriā, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,id. Or. 1, 27, 123. Tum with co-ordinating particles. Tum autem. = praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui; tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64: oves scabrae sunt ... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10: tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur ... callidi sumus, non boni,Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80. = tum ... tum: visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15. = eo tempore, with autem as connective: tum illic autem Lemnius ... uxorem duxit, etc.,Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25: tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,Caes. B. C. 1, 48.But in this instance: uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq. For tum etiam, v. B. 7. β. Tum praeterea: nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. λ). Tum porro: tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827). Quid tum? In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8. And strengthened: quid tum postea?Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26. In imitation of a dialogue: at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de tolerandā paupertate dicuntur?Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230. As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen!Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55. Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.: tunc temporis): posterā die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,Just. 31, 2, 6.
tumba tumba, ae, f., = τύμβα (τύμβος), a sepulchral mound, a sepulchre, tomb, Prud. στεφ. 11, 9.
tumbula tumbŭla, ae, f.tumba, a little tomb (late Lat.), Aldhelm. Carm. Virg. 889.
tumefacio tŭmĕ-făcĭo, fēci, factum, 3, v. a.tumeo, to cause to swell, to tumefy (poet.). Lit.: vis fera ventorum ... Extentam tumefecit humum,Ov. M. 15, 303: tumefactus pontus,id. ib. 11, 518.Trop., to swell or puff up, to inflate with pride, etc.: num me laetitiā tumefactum fallis inani?Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 3: ut nostris tumefacta superbiat Umbria libris,id. 4 (5), 1, 63: dum nimium vano tumefactus nomine gaudes,Mart. 4, 11, 1.
tumeo tŭmĕo, ēre, v. n.Sanscr. tu-, taumi, tavīmi, to be strong; Gr. τύλος, τύλη, lump; Lat. tuber, tumulus, tumor, etc.; cf. O. H. Germ. dūmo; Germ. Daumen; Engl. thumb, to swell, be swollen or tumid, to be puffed out or inflated (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. turgeo). Lit.: So. Quid hoc in collo tibi tumet? Sa. Vomica'st: pressare parce,Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 11: corpus tumet omne veneno,Ov. M. 3, 33: guttura plenis venis,id. ib. 3, 73: lumina fletu,Tib. 1, 8, 68 (al. timet): pedes,Verg. A. 2, 273: nares ac pectus,Quint. 11, 3, 29: fauces,id. 11, 3, 30: inritata loca semine,Lucr. 4, 1045: Achelous imbre,Ov. M. 8, 549: vela sinu,Mart. Spect. 26, 6: a vento unda,Ov. F. 2, 776: gemma in tenero palmite,id. ib. 3, 238: licet tumeant freta ventis,Tib. 4, 1, 194: sacci multo hordeo,Phaedr. 2, 7, 3: clivus molliter orbe, Claud. de Apono, 12: anni (virginis),i. e.
to be ripe
,Stat. Achill. 1, 292; v. tumesco and tumidus: cujus aceto tumes?Juv. 3, 293. Absol.: rutam tritam imponunt contusis tumentibusque,
tumesco tŭmesco, mŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [tumeo], to begin to swell, to swell up (poet. and in postAug. prose). Lit.: inflatum mare cum subito penitusque tumescit, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 7, 13: vi maria,Verg. G. 2, 479: freta ventis,Ov. M. 1, 36: inflata colla,id. ib. 6, 377: vulnera,Tac. H. 2, 77: fluvius tabe nivis,Luc. 10, 244: suco herba,Sen. Herc. Fur. 936: matura virginitas,Claud. Epith. 125.Trop., to swell up, become swollen with passionate excitement, to become excited, violent, ready to burst forth: rumpor et ora mihi pariter cum mente tumescunt (with anger),Ov. H. 8, 57: rabie,Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 242.To be puffed up with pride or insolence: mens aut languescit aut contra tumescit inani persuasione,Quint. 1, 2, 18; so with pride: serviles animi alte,Claud. in Eutr. 1, 176: Ly dia Pactoli fonte,id. II. Cons. Stil. 61: (monet) operta tumescere bella,
tumido tŭmĭdo, āre, 1, v. a.id., to cause to swell (late Lat.), Aug. Spec. 30.
tumidosus tŭmĭdōsus, a, um, adj.id., high-swelling: colles,Amm. 21, 10, 3 (al. tumulosi; cf., however,Ov. Am. 2, 16, 51, and Tac. A. 2, 23 s. v. tumidus; v. also tumor).
tumidulus tŭmĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [tumidus], swollen, tumid: gingivula,App. Mag. p. 277, 12.
tumidus tŭmĭdus, a, um, adj.tumeo, swollen, swelling, rising high, protuberant, tumid (class.). Lit.: membrum tumidum ac turgidum,Cic. Tusc. 3, 9, 19: serpens inflato collo, tumidis cervicibus,id. Vatin. 2, 4: Python,Ov. M. 1, 460: Echidnae,id. ib. 10, 313: venter,id. Am. 2, 14, 15: papillae,id. R. Am. 338: virginitas,i. e.
,Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 61. Comp.: oculi,Cels. 2, 6: humus,Col. 4, 1, 3.Trop.Swollen or swelling with passionate excitement; excited, incensed, enraged, exasperated; puffed up, elated, haughty, arrogant; restless, violent, ready to break out (mostly poet.; not in Cic.); with anger: tumida ex irā tum corda residunt,Verg. A. 6, 407: ōs,Hor. A. P. 94: es tumidus genitoris imagine falsi,Ov. M. 1, 754. With pride, Ov. M. 8, 396; 8, 495; Hor. S. 1, 7, 7: sermo,id. ib. 2, 5, 98: minae,id. C. 4, 3, 8: cum tumidum est cor,i. e.
,Sil. 11, 25. Of style, etc. Of the orator himself, bombastic, pompous: fiunt pro grandibus tumidi,Quint. 10, 2, 16: quem (Ciceronem) et suorum homines temporum incessere audebant ut tumidiorem, ut Asianum et redundantem,id. 12, 10, 12. Of speech, inflated, turgid, tumid, bombastic: non negaverim et totam Asiae regionem inaniora parere ingenia et nostrorum tumidiorem sermonem esse,Liv. 45, 23, 16: quod alibi magnificum, tumidum alibi,Quint. 8, 3, 18: visus es mihi in scriptis meis annotasse quaedam ut tumida, quae ego sublimia arbitrabar,Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 5; 7, 12, 4; Quint. 8, 3, 13; 8, 3, 56; 2, 5, 10: sufflati atque tumidi,Gell. 7, 14, 5. Comp.: tumidior sermo,Liv. 45, 23, 16: ut tibi tumidius videretur, quod est sonantius et elatius,Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 4: fuisset tumidius, si, etc.,Quint. 11, 1, 28.Act., puffing up, causing to swell: tumidoque inflatur carbasus Austro,Verg. A. 3, 357 Forbig. ad loc.: nec tumidos causabitur Euros,Ov. Am. 1, 9, 13. Trop.: Qui nunc in tumidum jactando venit honorem,Prop. 2, 24, 31 (3, 16, 15) Paley ad loc. Hence, adv.: tŭmĭdē (acc. to II. A.), haughtily, pompously: tumidissime dixit Murrhedius,Sen. Contr. 4, 25 fin.
tumor tŭmor, ōris, m.id., the state of being swollen or tumid; a swelling, tumor (class.; syn. tuber). Lit.: oculorum tumor,Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; so of a tumor, id. ib. 3, 9, 19; Auct. Her. 2, 27, 44. In plur.: tumores ardentes,Plin. 20, 25, 96, § 257: tollere,id. 21, 21, 89, § 157: discutere,id. 24, 4, 6, § 11: vetat Chrysippus ad recentes quasi tumores animi remedium adhibere. Cic. Tusc. 4, 29, 63: turpia cum faceret Palladis ora tumor, inflation of the cheeks from blowing the tibia, Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 18: tumor excitat papillas,
,Claud. in Rufin. 1, 72: tumor ille loci permansit, et alti Collis habet speciem, a rising, elevation, hillock, etc., Ov. M. 15, 305; cf.: tumores terrae. Front. Colon. pp. 126 and 127 Goes.Trop.A swelling, commotion, fermentation, excitement of the mind from any passion, as pride, anger, etc. (cf. tumeo and tumidus, II.). From anger: cum tumor animi resedisset,Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26: erat in tumore animus,id. ib. 3, 31, 76: ira habet non solidum robur, sed vanum tumorem,Sen. Ira. 1, 17, 4: datum tempus, quo resideret tumor publicus,id. ib. 3, 2, 5: tumor et irae Concessere deum,Verg. A. 8, 40: ponatur omnis ira et ex animo tumor erasus abeat,Sen. Thyest. 519: residente animi tumore, Lact. de Ira Dei, 18 med. From pride, vanity, etc.: hinc illi aucta insolentia mirusque animo increvit tumor,Just. 11, 11, 12; Sen. Hippol. 136; Claud. Ep. 1, 6; Luc. 10, 99: tumor et vana de se persuasio,Quint. 2, 2, 12: regius,Sen. Hippol. 136: multos tumores mente gerit,Luc. 10, 99; Claud. Ep. 1, 7. From other passions: et inquietus inguina arrigat tumor,i. e.
desire
,Auct. Priap. 83, 42.A ferment, commotion in affairs or society, Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2: praesens et civilia nuper classica,Claud. in Ruf. 2, 117. Of speech, an inflated or pompous style, bombast (post-Aug.): genus dicendi, quod tumore immodico turgescit,Quint. 12, 10, 73; 2, 10, 7; 9, 4, 140; 12, 6, 5: verborum,Sen. Ben. 2, 11, 5; Petr. 1; Gell. 2, 23, 21.
tumulo tŭmŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.id., to cover with a mound, to bury, inter, entomb (poet.; syn. humo): neque injectā tumulabor mortua terrā,Cat. 64, 153: neu sim tumulandus ab illā,Ov. M. 8, 710; 15, 716; id. P. 1, 6, 49; Mart. 11, 91, 1.
tumulosus tŭmŭlōsus, a, um, adj.id., full of hills, hilly: locus,Sall. J. 91, 3.
tumultuarie tŭmultŭārĭē, adv., v. tumultuarius fin.
tumultuarius tŭmultŭārĭus, a, um, adj.tumultus, of or belonging to bustle, hurry, or tumult; in milit. lang., of troops brought hurriedly together, raised hastily or suddenly (not ante-Aug., but esp. freq. in Livy). Lit.: tumultuario exercitu raptim ducto,Liv. 5, 37, 7; so, milites,id. 35, 2, 7; 35, 23, 8; Auct. B. Alex. 34, 5: manus,Curt. 4, 16, 24: militia,Gell. 16, 10, 13.Transf., that is done or happens in a hurry, hurried, hasty, sudden, confused, irregular, disorderly, tumultuary: pugna,Liv. 21, 8, 7: opus,id. 6, 29, 4: ex opere tumultuario suspicari,Quint. 7, 3, 34: rogus,Suet. Calig. 59: repentinā et quasi tumultuariā doctrinā praeditus,Gell. 11, 7, 3: tumultuariae et inconditae exercitationes linguae,id. 6, 16, 1: carmen,i. e.
tumultuatim tŭmultŭātim, adv.id., in haste, hastily, Sid. Ep. 4, 11.
tumultuatio tŭmultŭātĭo, ōnis, f.tumultuor. A bustling, hurrying, bustle, confusion, tumult (very rare), Liv. 38, 2, 8.The irregular swearing of the milites tumultuarii, acc. to Isid. Orig. 9, 3, 55.
tumultuo tŭmultŭo, āre, v. tumultuor fin.
tumultuor tŭmultŭor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [tumultus], to make a bustle or disturbance, to be in great agitation or confusion, be in an uproar, raise a tumult: in otio tumultuaris, in tumultu es otiosus,Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21: non decet tumultuari,Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 22: saepe et sine causā,Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101: quid tumultuaris, soror? quid insanis?id. Cael. 15, 36: fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis nec tumultuantem de gradu deici,
tumultus tŭmultus, ūs (gen. tumulti, Enn., Att., Afran., Turp., and Pompon. ap. Non. 489, 29 sq.; Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 22; id. Poen. 1, 1, 79; Ter. And. 2, 2, 28; id. Hec. 3, 2, 21; Sall. C. 59, 5), m.Sanscr. tumalas, tumulas, disturbing; cf. tumeo, an uproar, bustle, violent commotion, disturbance, tumult (freq. and class.; cf.: turba, perturbatio). Lit. In gen.: quid hoc hic clamoris, quid hoc hic tumulti est? Enn. ap. Non. 489, 29 (Trag. v. 204 Vahl.): quis sonitu ac tumultu tanto nomine nominat me atque pulsat aedes?Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 1: magno cum strepitu ac tumultu castris egressi,Caes. B. G. 2, 11; so with strepitus,id. ib. 6, 7; Liv. 25, 23, 17: cum omnia terrore ac tumultu streperent,id. 25, 25, 9: arx inter tumultum capta est,id. 28, 19, 18: numquae trepidatio? numqui tumultus?Cic. Dejot. 7, 20; so with trepidatio,Liv. 25, 13, 10: urbi, sine vestro motu ac sine ullo tumultu, satis esset praesidii,Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26: turbae ac tumultūs concitatores,Liv. 25, 4, 10: repentino tumultu perterriti,Caes. B. G. 7, 47: tumultu armorum et cantuum truces,Tac. A. 4, 47: verborum,id. H. 1, 85: Acheron rapitur tumultu ingenti,Sen. Herc. Fur. 714: urbis,Tib. 2, 3, 43. Plur.: inque repentinos convivia versa tumultus,Ov. M. 5, 5: ille caecos instare tumultus Saepe monet,Verg. G. 1, 464: canunt ignes subitosque tumultus,Manil. 1, 894: novos moveat F ortuna tumultus,Hor. S. 2, 2, 126. Of thunder, storm, etc.: tremendo Juppiter ipse ruens tumultu,i. e.
,Hor. C. 3, 27, 17: (me) per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,id. ib. 3, 29, 63: pelagi caelique,Luc. 5, 592: maris,Sen. Herc. Fur. 1091. Of the body: stomacho tumultum Lenta feret pituita, i. e. a rumbling of the bowels, Hor. S. 2, 2, 75; Sen. Thyest. 999. In partic. In milit. lang., a sudden or impending war, civil war, insurrection, tumult, sedition, rebellion: potest enim esse bellum ut tumultus non sit, tumultus esse sine bello non potest. Quid est enim aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut major timor oriatur? unde etiam nomen ductum est tumultus. Itaque majores nostri tumultum Italicum, quod erat domesticus; tumultum Gallicum, quod erat Italiae finitimus, praeterea nullum nominabant. Gravius autem tumultum esse quam bellum hinc intellegi licet, quod bello vacationes valent, tumultu non valent,Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 2 sq.: censeo tumultum decerni,
that a state of civil war be proclaimed
,id. ib. 5, 12, 31: Bojorum gentem ad rebellionem spectare: ob eas res tumultum esse decrevit senatus,Liv. 34, 56, 11; and: tumultūs Gallici causā,id. 7, 9, 6: factum nuper in Italiā, servili tumultu,Caes. B. G. 1, 40: sedato tandem Istrico tumultu,Liv. 41, 6, 1: in Sardiniā magnum tumultum esse cognitum est,id. 41, 6, 5: hostilis,Tac. A. 4, 29: remedium tumultūs fuit alius tumultus,id. H. 2, 68: repentino tumultu excitae,Just. 2, 4, 22; Flor. 3, 19, 2: tumultus magis quam proelium fuit,Curt. 6, 5, 12.Excitement, anxiety: supremo die exquirens, an jam de se tumultus foris esset,Suet. Aug. 99: alteri apud alteros formidinem simul et tumultum facere,Sall. J. 53, 7; cf.: cui lapis externus curae est, urbisque tumultus,Tib. 2, 3, 43.Trop. (poet. and in post-Aug. prose). Disturbance, disquietude, agitation, tumult of the mind or feelings: tumultus Mentis,Hor. C. 2, 16, 10; Luc. 7, 183: pulsata tumultu pectora, Petr. poët. 123: sceleris tumultus,Hor. S. 2, 3, 208. Of speech, confusion, disorder: sermonis,Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 55: criminum,Quint. Decl. 1, 4.
tumulus tŭmŭlus, i, m. (late Lat. in the neutr.: HOC TVMVLVM, Inscr. Rein. cl. 20, 197) [tumeo; cf. also tumor and tumidus], a raised heap of earth, a mound, hill, hillock (freq. and class.; cf.: agger, moles). In gen.: terrenus,Caes. B. G. 1, 43: ignis e speculā sublatus aut tumulo,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 93: coacervatis cadaveribus, qui superessent ut ex tumulo tela in nostros conicerent,Caes. B. G. 2, 27: quaeris, utrum magis tumulis prospectuque an ambulatione delecter,Cic. Att. 14, 13, 1: cum tumulos Albano in monte nivalis Lustrasti, id. Div. poët. 1, 11, 18: vos enim, Albani tumuli atque luci,id. Mil. 31, 85: silvestres,id. Cat. 2, 11, 24: pecuda in tumulis deserunt, Att. ap. Non. p. 159, 10: tumuli ex aggere,Verg. A. 5, 44: tumulus naturalis, Auct. B. Alex. 72, 1. In partic., a sepulchral mound, barrow, tumulus (cf. sepulcrum): (Demetrius) super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui nisi columellam, etc.,Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66: (Alexander) cum in Sigaeo ad Achillis tumulum astitisset,id. Arch. 10, 24; id. poët. Tusc. 3, 27, 65; Quint. 7, 3, 31: tumulum facere,Verg. E. 5, 42: hostilem ad tumulum,id. A. 3, 322: statuent tumulum,id. ib. 6, 380: tumulo dare corpora,Ov. M. 2, 326; 4, 157; id. F. 3, 547; id. Tr. 3, 3, 72: tumulum Varianis legionibus structum,Tac. A. 2, 7: reliquiae tumulo Augusti inferebantur,id. ib. 3, 3: honorarius,i. e.
tunc tunc, adv. demonstr., of time [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], then, at that time; but in ante-class. and class. prose tunc is always emphatic, and generally refers to a point of time. In post-Aug. style tunc freq. occurs without emphasis, and is freely used of periods of time. Tunc = deinde occurs first in the class. per. and rarely in prose; but is very freq. after the Aug. per. Tunc in mere co-ordinative use is very rare and not ante-class. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled with an emphatic or temporal particle is very rare in class. prose, but freq. in the postAug. period. Poets often use tunc instead of tum before vowels for the sake of the metre. In general, tunc is not freq. till after the Aug. period. Cic. has tum about thirty times as often as tunc; Cæs. has tunc only five times; Livy, in the first two books, has tunc five times, tum eighty-two times; but Val. Max. has tunc four times as often as tum. Sen. almost always has tunc; tum only in a few passages, mostly in co ordinative use. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, tunc largely predominates; but Nep. has tunc once only, and Tac., who employs both words sparingly, has tum oftener than tunc. The Codd. very freq. vary between the words, and in many passages the reading is still doubtful. Undue weight has been given by some critics to opposition to nunc and connection with cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and tunc are freq. opposed to nunc, and connected with cum. Absol. Referring an event to a time before mentioned. To definite past time. To a period of time, = illis temporibus (only post-Aug.): tunc melius tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exiguā ligneus aede deus,Tib. 1, 10, 19: nulli tunc subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur,Val. Max. 2, 1, 5: sed tunc clarissimus quisque juvenum pro amplificandā patriā plurimum periculi sustinebat,id. 3, 2, 6: nunc quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant quā tunc consul non erubuit,id. 4, 3, 7: quo pacto inter amicos viguisse tunc justitiam credimus, cum inter accusatores quoque, etc.,id. 6, 5, 6: si vere aestimare Macedonas qui tunc erant volumus, fatebimur, etc.,Curt. 4, 16, 33: sed civitati nullae tunc leges erant,Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5. Referring to a point of time spoken of: cives Romani tunc facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine tunc lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): tunc ipsos adoriant, ne quis Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.): (Sulla) statim ex iis rebus quas tunc vendebat jussit ei praemium tribui, etc.,Cic. Arch. 10, 25: neque ego tunc princeps ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc.,id. Sull. 3, 9: his tunc cognitis rebus amici regis his ... liberaliter responderunt,Caes. B. C. 3, 104: tunc duces Nerviorum ... colloqui sese velle dicunt,
at this time
,id. B. G. 5, 41: quod se facturos minabantur, aegreque tunc sunt retenti quin oppidum irrumperent,id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.: Romanus tunc exercitus in agro Larinati erat,Liv. 22, 24, 1: itaque cum in ipsum, et innocentiā tutum et magistratu in quo tunc erat, impetus fieri non posset, etc.,id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10; 44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas,Ov. M. 2, 679: tunc ego nec citharā poteram gaudere sonorā, nec, etc.,Tib. 3, 4, 69: tunc urbis custodiis praepositus C. Maecenas,Vell. 2, 88, 2: forte evenit ut tunc summae dignitatis ibi femina veneno consumere se destinarit,Val. Max. 2, 6, 8: qui tunc Libitinam exercebant,id. 5, 2, 10: Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos tunc Romanis, confugit,id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.; 8, 1 damn. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum sacrum anniversarium more patrio tunc venerant,Curt. 4, 2, 10: et tunc aestas erat, cujus calor, etc.,id. 3, 5, 1: perierat imperium, quod tunc in extremo stabat, si Fabius, etc.,Sen. Troad. 1, 11, 5: tunc,distractis Orientis viribus, casus Mithridati datus est occupandi Armeniam,Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25: quidam ex eis qui tunc egerant, decesserunt,Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3: ardente tunc in Africā bello,Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21: Asiam tunc tenebat imperio rex Darius,Gell. 17, 9, 20: hostes tunc populi Romani fuerant Fidenates,id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24. Repeated by anaphora: tunc victus abiere feri, tunc consita pomus, tunc bibit inriguas fertilis hortus aquas, Aurea tunc pressos, etc.,Tib. 2, 1, 43: tunc Parmenio et Philotas, tunc Amyntas consobrinus, tunc noverca fratresque interfecti, tunc Attalus, Eurylochus ... occurrebant,Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2. Attributively: regem tunc Lacedaemoniorum,Just. 6, 2, 4. Referring to a state no longer in existence: silvae tunc circa viam erant, plerisque incultis,Liv. 21, 25, 8: urbs (Corinthus) erat tunc praeclara ante excidium,id. 45, 28, 2: hic (Curio) primo pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut tunc habebatur, pro republicā, mox ... pro Caesare stetit,Vell. 2, 48, 3: certissimum tunc proscriptorum perfugium penetravit,Val. Max. 7, 3, 9: docuit in atrio Catulinae domus, quae pars Palatii tunc erat,Suet. Gram. 17: tunc (i. e. olim) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat autem tunc mos ut cum princeps causam cognosceret ... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8. Expressly opposed to present time: tunc igitur pelles, nunc aurum et purpura exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423; eā lege quae tunc erat Sempronia, nunc est Cornelia,Cic. Clu. 56, 154: cum vero causam justam deus ipse dederit, ut tunc Socrati, nunc Catoni, etc.,id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: cur privati non damus remiges, sicut tunc dedimus?Liv. 34, 6, 18: munitiones et locis opportunioribus tunc fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. quam nunc),id. 36, 17, 4: parva nunc res videri potest quae tunc patres ac plebem accendit,id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5: Macedones milites eā tunc erant famā quā nunc Romani feruntur,Nep. Eum. 3, 4: nunc solvo poenas; tunc tibi inferias dedi,Sen. Phoen. 172: nunc haberent socios quos tunc hostes habuerant,Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9: hoc tunc Veii fuere, nunc fuisse quis meminit?Flor. 1, 12, 11. And tunc and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui ager nunc multo pluris est quam tunc fuit. Tum enim, etc., nunc, etc.; tum erat ager incultus, nunc est cultissimus,Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos etiamsi tunc faciendum non fuerit, nunc utique faciendum putatis; ego contra, etiamsi tum migrandum fuisset, nunc has ruipas relinquendas non censerem,Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in such connections tum generally refers to a previous tunc, rarely vice versā). (ε) Opposed to a previous or a later time: quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis tunc invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. etsi non postea),Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95: raro alias tribuni popularis oratio acceptior plebi quam tunc severissimi consulis fuit,Liv. 3, 69, 1: (Syphax) tunc accessio Punici belli fuerat, sicut Gentius Macedonici,id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10: non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam ausum fortius quam tunc a Caesare,Vell. 2, 80, 3: et tunc Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et deinceps, etc.,Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2: praetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga,Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18: Cilicum nationes saepe et alias commotae, tunc Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere,Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58: ob res et tunc in Africā, et olim in Germaniā gestas,Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4: idem tunc Faesulae quod Carrhae nuper,Flor. 1, 5, 8. (ζ) In general statements, applied to the actual state of affairs: mos est regibus quotiens in societatem coëant, pollices inter se vincire, etc. Sed tunc, qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse simulans, genua Mithridatis invadit,Tac. A. 12, 47: legebatur ergo ibi tunc in carmine Latino, etc.,Gell. 2, 22, 2. Pregn., as matters then stood: aptissimum tempus fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: tunc haec ipsa indignitas angebat animos,Liv. 4, 51, 6. (η) Of coincidence in time: tunc = cum hoc fieret, on that occasion: quodsi tu tunc, Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset oratio tua,Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14: tunc Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, nunc a vobis ipsis accusati sumus,Liv. 39, 36, 7: jam Horatius secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc ... clamore adjuvant militem suum,
while he was doing so
,id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17: sed neque ... nubes Tunc habuit, nec ... imbres,Ov. M. 2, 310: quid mihi tunc animi fuit?id. ib. 7, 582: quid mihi tunc animi credis, germane, fuisse?id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31: quid tunc homines timuerint, quae senatūs trepidatio ... neque mihi exprimere vacat, neque, etc.,Vell. 2, 124, 1: non Catoni tunc praetura, sed praeturae Cato negatus est,Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1; 9, 3, 1: tunc ego dicere debui,Sen. Ep. 63, 15: non possum dicere aliud tunc mihi quam deos adfuisse,Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5: tunc domus priscorum ducum arserunt,Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 ($3), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11. Tunc and tum co-ordinate: sanguine tunc (Phaëthontis) credunt ... Tum facta'st Libya ... arida; tum, etc.,Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: tunc ... sorores Debuerant, etc.; Tum potui Medea mori bene,id. H. 12, 3 sqq. And referring to a supposed action at a definite time: nobis tunc repente trepidandum in acie instruenda erat,
if we had accepted the battle then
,Liv. 44, 38, 11. (θ) Redundant (post-class.): id quale fuerit, neque ipse tunc prodidit, neque cuiquam facile succurrat,Suet. Tit. 10; cf.: in ejusmodi temporibus tunc eae ambulationes aperiuntur, Vitr 5, 9, 9. = nunc, in oblique discourse (rare): quod si consulatūs tanta dulcedo sit, jam tunc ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum a tribuniciā potestate esse,Liv. 2, 54, 5: ut cum multis saeculis murus urbi civium virtus fuerit, tunc cives salvos se fore non existimaverint nisi intra muros laterent,Just. 14, 5, 7. Referring to indefinite time. Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc.; at such a season: tunc (i. e. autumno) praecidi arbores oportere secundum terram,Varr. R. R. 1, 27: ab eo in fastis dies hordicalia nominantur, quod tunc hordae boves immolantur,id. ib. 2, 5: omnes (nubes sol) enim sub se tunc (= medio die),Sen. Q. N. 1, 8, 7: tunc enim maximae et integrae adhuc nives (= aestate primā),id. ib. 4, 2, 21: et tunc potest ventis concitari mare,id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 4, 5, 2. With the force of an indefinite temporal clause: tunc ignes tenuissimi iter exile designant et caelo producunt, of shooting stars,Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 6: nemo observat lunam nisi laborantem. Tunc urbes conclamant, tunc pro se quisque superstitione vanā trepidat, id. ib. 7, 1, 2: adjuvari se tunc (i. e. cum faces vident) periclitantes existimant Pollucis et Castoris numine,id. ib. 1, 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 3; 2, 55, 2; 5, 3, 1; 6, 12, 2; id. Ep. 42, 4; id. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: si ancilla ex cive Romand conceperit, deinde civis Romana facta sit, et tunc pariat, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 88; 1, 90; Dig. 1, 6, 8; 40, 12, 22, § 3. With the force of a conditional clause, in this instance: Tr. Erus peregre venit. Si. Tunc tibi actutum chorda tenditur, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55 Lorenz (al. tum): dominae mentem convertite ... Tunc ego crediderim vobis, et sidera et amnes Posse, etc.,Prop. 1, 1, 23: itaque tunc dividere optimum erit (= si plura sunt quae nocent),Quint. 4, 2, 101; so id. 6, 1, 22: cuperem tecum communicare tam subitam mutationem mei: tunc amicitiae nostrae certiorem fiduciam habere coepissem,Sen. Ep. 6, 2: nemo est ex inprudentibus qui reliqui sibi debeat. Tunc mala consilia agitant, tunc aut aliis aut ipsis pericula struunt; tunc cupiditates improbas ordinant, tunc ... tunc ... denique, etc.,id. ib. 10, 2; 7, 2: tunc enim (i. e. si cottidie reputes) subit recordatio: Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3: propter liberos retentio fit (dotis) si culpa mulieris divortium factum sit, tunc enim sextae retinentur ex dote,Ulp. Fragm. 6, 10: veluti si a feminā manumissa sit: tunc enim e lege Atiliā petere debet tutorem, Gai Inst. 1, 195; 1, 76; 1, 40; 3, 181; Fragm. Vat. 52; Dig. 2, 4, 8; 5, 3, 13, § 12; 7, 3, 1; 19, 1, 11, § 15; 11, 1, 20; Just. Inst. 1, 12, § 6; in the jurists, saep. Referring to future time. In gen.: tunc illud vexillum ... coloniae Capuae inferetur; tunc contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 86: tunc, ut quaeque causa crit statuetis, nunc libertatem repeti satis est,Liv. 3, 53, 10: senatūs consultum adjectum est ut ... praetor qui tunc esset ... apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur ... jusjurandum daret, etc.,id. 41, 9, 11: nec taedebit avum parvo advigilare nepoti ... Tunc operata deo pubes discumbet in herbā, etc.,Tib. 2, 5, 95: tunc interea tempus exercitūs ex hoc loco educendi habebis,Gell. 3, 7, 7. With the force of a conditional clause: tunc me biremis Tutum ... Aura feret geminusque Pollux (i. e. si mugiat malus procellis),Hor. C. 3, 29, 62: vectabor umeris tunc ego inimicis eques (i. e. si hoc feceris),id. Epod. 17, 74: tunc tua me infortunia laedent (i. e. si dolebis tibi),id. A. P. 103: tunc ego jurabo quaevis tibi numina ... Tunc ego ... Efficiam, etc.,Ov. H. 15 (16), 319: tunc piger ad nandum, tunc ego cautus ero,id. ib. 17 (18), 210. Representing sequence or succession in events, = deinde. Simple sequence in time. Time proper (rare till after the Aug. per.; in Cic. perh. only in the foll. passages): Herodotus cum Romā reverteretur, offendit eum mensem qui sequitur mensem comitialem. Tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XLV dies longum,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130: veni in eum sermonem ut docerem, etc. Tunc mihi ille dixit quod, etc.,id. Fam. 3, 5, 3: dixi ei, me ita facturum esse ut, etc. Tunc ille a me petivit, etc.,id. ib. 3, 6, 2 is finis pugnae equestris fuit. Tunc adorti peditum aciem, nuntios ad consules rei gestae mittunt, Liv. 3, 70, 8: tandem curiā excesserunt. Tunc sententiae interrogari coeptae,id. 45, 25, 1: equites, relictis equis, provolant ante signa ... Tunc inter priores duorum populorum res geritur,id. 7, 8, 1: iterum deinde interpellatus, in proposito persistit. Tunc Poppedius, abjecturum inde se ... minatus est,Val. Max. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 5, 4, 1; 7, 3, 2; 7, 3, 6: tunc intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adulescentis figit, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 2; so id. Ot. Sap. 1, 1; id. Q. N. 1, 12, 1: Dareum XXX inde stadia abesse praemissi indicabant. Tunc consistere agmen jubet,Curt. 3, 8, 24: contionem discedere in manipulos jubet. Tunc a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias,Tac. A. 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 1, 67; 12, 31; 12, 33; 12, 69; id. H. 4, 72; Vitr. 1, 4, 12; 1, 6, 7; 2, 1, 2; 2, 1, 4; 5, 12, 5; 7, praef. 5; 7, 1, 3; 7, 2, 2; 8, 1, 1; Suet. Ner. 49; id. Vit. 15 fin.; id. Dom. 16; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 22, 6; 6 (7), 17, 6; 13, 31 (30), 6; 14, 2, 9; Flor. 2, 13 (4, 2), 71; Just. 11, 4, 1; 11, 10, 2; 12, 7, 7; 13, 3, 4; 18, 4, 10 et saep.; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 26. Before an abl. absol. (postclass.): statuunt tempus quo foedissimum quemque invadant. Tunc, signo inter se dato, inrumpunt contubernia,Tac. A. 1, 48: tunc, Campaniae ora proximisque insulis circuitis, Caprearum secessui quadriduum impendit,Suet. Aug. 98: tunc, exercitu in Aetoliam promoto, pecunias civitatibus imperat,Just. 14, 1, 6; 21, 5, 2; 22, 2, 7; 25, 2, 6. Implying a consequence, then, under these circumstances, hence, accordingly: caedere januam saxis, instare ferro, ligna circumdare ignemque circumicere coeperunt. Tunc cives Romani, qui Lampsaci negotiabantur, concurrunt,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: huc tota Vari conversa acies suos fugere videbat. Tunc Rebilus; Perterritum, inquit, hostem vides; quid dubitas, etc.,Caes. B. C. 2, 34: animadversum est, extra consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressum. Tunc Caesar apud suos Differendum est iter, inquit, etc.,id. ib. 3, 85: omnium spe celerius Saguntum oppugnari adlatum est. Tunc relata de integro res ad senatum,Liv. 21, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 30, 10: Tisiphoneque Saevit et huc illuc impia turba fugit. Tunc niger in portā serpentum Cerberus ore Stridet,Tib. 1, 3, 71: apud patres disseruit, nec posse Orientem nisi Germanici sapientiā conponi, etc. Tunc decreto patrum permissae Germanico provinciae,Tac. A. 2, 43; id. H. 4, 83; Vitr. 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 16; Just. 39, 3, 11. Emphatically, = tum vero: donec ipse quoque longinquo morbo est implicitus. Tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritus illi feroces ut, etc.,Liv. 1, 31, 6. And = tum primum: multitudo tandem perrumpit ordines hostium. Tunc vinci pertinacia coepta, et averti manipuli quidam,Liv. 9, 39, 10. In enumerations with tum ... deinde ... postea, etc. In gen. (postclass.): ante omnia instituit ut e libertorum bonis dextans ... cogeretur; deinde ut ingratorum, etc.; tunc ut lege majestatis facta omnia ... tenerentur,Suet. Ner. 32 med.; so, tunc ... deinde ... tunc, etc.,Vitr. 1, 6, 12 and 13: tunc ... tunc ... deinde ... tunc,id. 3, 5, 5 and 6; cf. id. 5, 12, 4; cf. Suet. Oth. 6; Flor. 4, 2, 88. With tum: terras primum situmque earum quaerit; deinde condicionem maris; tunc quidquid inter caelum terrasque interjacet perspicit ... tum, peragratis humilioribus, ad summa prorumpit,Sen. Cons. Helv. 17 fin.; so Gai Inst. 3, 6, 3. Of successive speakers in dialogue (rare): tu vero abi, inquit, etc. Tunc Mucius Quandoquidem, inquit, est apud te virtuti honos, etc.,Liv. 2, 12, 15: apud quem Valerius in hunc modum egit, etc. Tunc Collatinus Quaero inquit, etc.,Val. Max. 2, 8, 2. With tum: tunc poëta ... inquit, etc. Tum Fronto ita respondit, etc.,Gell. 19, 8, 10 and 11; 12, 13, 19; Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4. In co-ordination (very rare). = praeterea, and then: (Romulus) hoc consilio fultus ... locupletari civis non destitit. Tunc, id quod retinemus hodie magnā cum salute rei publicae, auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 15 sq.: praeter has, frugalitas et continentia ... splendorem illi suum adfunderent. Tunc providentiā cum elegantiā quantum decoris illi adderent!Sen. Ep. 115, 3. In the connection cum ... tunc (v. tum, I. C. 3.): vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tunc est Idcirco, etc.,Juv. 9, 118 (poet. for tum, on account of the foll. vowel). Vid. tunc etiam, III. B. 7. β. As correlative of dependent clauses. Of temporal clauses with cum. Referring to definite past time. Tunc as antecedent of the clause: set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis quom hinc abit?Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108: etiamne in arā tunc sedebant mulieres Quom ad me profectu's ire?id. Rud. 3, 6, 8: quo damnato tunc, cum judicia fiebant, HS. IV milibus lis aestimata est,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 22: etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiscebatur,id. ib. 2, 5, 43, § 111: atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat: vos tunc paruistis cum paruit nemo nisi qui voluit,id. Lig. 7, 20: se ita pugnaturos ut Romae pugnaverint in repetendā patriā, ut postero die ad Gabios, tunc cum effecerint ne quis hostium, etc., Liv. 6, 28, 9: et quod tunc fecimus cum hostem Hannibalem in Italiā haberemus, id nunc, pulso Hannibale, cunctamur facere?id. 31, 7, 5: infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas,Verg. A. 4, 597 (Rib. tum; v. Prisc. p. 8, 841 P.): prudenter sensit tunc incrementum Romano imperio petendum fuisse cum intra septimum lapidem triumphi quaerebantur,Val. Max. 4, 1, 10: quorum nihil tunc cum diceretur parum aptum fuit,Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf. Val. Max. 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 8, ext. 1. Introducing the apodosis. Of coincident actions: cum jam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubie esset ... tunc injecta trepidatio,Liv. 44, 28, 10. = deinde: adversus singula quaeque cum respondere haud facile esset, et quereretur ... purgaretque se invicem, tunc Papirius, redintegratā irā, virgas et secures expediri jussit,Liv. 8, 32, 10: divus Caesar cum exercitum habuisset circa Alpes, imperavissetque, etc., tunc qui in eo castello fuerunt ... noluerunt imperio parere,Vitr. 2, 9, 15: cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX milibus hostium summum cacumen teneri, tunc hortatur socios, recedant,Just. 2, 11, 5. Of definite present time, tunc is not found; v. tum. Referring to indefinite time. As antecedent: arbitror, quo nos etiam tunc utimur cum ea dicimus jurati quae comperta habemus,Cic. Font. 13, 29 (9, 19): tunc obsequatur naturae cum senserit, etc.,id. Fragm. Hort. Phil. 75 B. and K.; id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55; 2, 5, 12, § 29: qui tunc vocat me, cum malum librum legi, only ... when, never ... unless (= τότε δή), Cat. 44, 21 Ellis (Müll. tum): deum tunc adfuisse cum id evenisset, veteres oratores aiebant,Quint. 10, 7, 14: tunc est commovendum theatrum cum ventum est ad illud Plodite,id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 4, 2, 8; 12, 11, 7; Vitr. 2, 9, 3: voluptas tunc, cum maxime delectat, exstinguitur,Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 4; cf. id. Q. N. 1, prol. 3; 5, 3, 3; 6, 3, 1; id. Ep. 10, 5; 85, 38: in tantam quantitatem tenetur quae tunc in peculio fuit cum sententiam dicebat,Dig. 5, 1, 15: tunc cum certum esse coeperit neminem ex eo testamento fore heredem, Gai Inst. 3, 13; 4, 71; Dig. 28, 3, 6, § 6; 40, 12, 16, § 2; 40, 7, 34. Introducing the apodosis: cum autem fundamenta ita distantia inter se fuerint constituta, tunc inter ea alia transversa ... collocentur,Vitr. 1, 5, 7; 2, 1, 6; 2, 3, 2; 2, 5, 2; 3, 5, 13: cum folia pauca in acumine germinent, tunc maxime serendas ficus,Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 245; Just. 41, 2, 9. Referring to future time: ex ceteris autem generibus tunc pecunia expedietur cum legionibus victricibus erunt quae spopondimus persolvenda, Cic. Fragm. Ep. Caes. jun. 1, 8: tunc inter eas fore finem belli dixit cum alterutra urbs in habitum pulveris esset redacta,Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3: poterant videri tunc incohanda cum omnia quae ... peregissem,Quint. 6, 4, 1; Col. praef. 33; v.infra, III. A. 2. β. With temporal clauses introduced by ubi (rare). Of definite past time: ad quod bellum ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare tunc enixe tribuni,Liv. 4, 55, 2: haec ubi convenerunt, tunc vero Philomelus consuetudinem nocte egrediendi frequentiorem facere,id. 25, 8, 9. Of indefinite time. As antecedent: tunc autem est consummata infelicitas, ubi turpia non solum delectant, sed etiam placent,Sen. Ep. 39, 6; id. Ben. 2, 3, 3; 2, 17, 3; id. Ep. 89, 19. In apodosis: stillicidia ubi plura coiere et turba vires dedit, tunc fluere et ire dicuntur,Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; 6, 17, 2; 6, 18, 2. With temporal clauses introduced by postquam (posteaquam); rare. Of definite past time: posteaquam ingenuae virgines et ephebi venerunt ad deprecandum, tunc est pollicitus his legibus ut, etc.,Vitr. 10, 16, 7 (but in Sall. C. 51, 40 Dietsch reads tum). Of indefinite time: si vero posteaquam eam destinasses, tunc perierit, etc., Dig 17, 2, 58, § 1. With temporal clauses introduced by ut (very rare): ut vero ... casus suorum miseris eluxit, tunc toto littore plangentium gemitus, tunc infelicium matrum ululatus ... audiebantur,Just. 19, 2, 11. With temporal clauses introduced by quando (rare). As antecedent: tunc quando abiero,Plaut. Pers. 4, 7, 19 (4, 8, 8): tunc inserentur (cerasi) quando his vel non est, vel desinit gummi effluere, Pall. Oct. 12. In apodosis: quando quodque eorum siderum cursum decorum est adeptum ... tunc ex alterius naturae motione transversa ... vinci a tardioribus videbantur,Cic. Univ. 9. With temporal clauses introduced by dum (very rare): tunc tamen utrumque tolerabile est, dum illi vis sua est,Sen. Ep. 83, 21. With conditional clauses. In gen. As antecedent: consilium istud tunc esset prudens si rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus,Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2: sin autem ventus interpellaverit et ... tunc habeat canalem longum pedes quinque, etc.,Vitr. 8, 5, 2: tunc fidem fallam, tunc inconstantiae crimen audiam si, cum omnia eadem sint quae erant promittente me, non praestitero promissum,Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2. In apodosis: si se simul cum gloria rei gestae exstinxisset, tunc victorem, quidquid licuerit in magistro equitum, in militibus ausurum,Liv. 8, 31, 7: quem si inclusit mare, tum ille exitu simul redituque praecluso, volutatur,Sen. Q. N. 6, 15: quod si non illum, sed me peccasse putabis, tunc ego te credam cordis habere nihil,Mart. 2, 8, 6: si nullus sit suorum heredum, tunc hereditas pertinet ad adgnatos, Gai Inst. 3, 9: si vero dissentiunt, tunc praetoris partes necessariae sunt,Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 19; Sen. Q. N. 6, 9, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 205; Dig. 1, 3, 22. With a supposition contrary to fact: audivi te cum alios consolareris: tunc conspexissem, si te ipse consolatus esses,Sen. Prov. 4, 5. After abl. absol. (rare): legatis auditis, tunc de bello referre sese Aemilius dixit,Liv. 44, 21, 1: his ita praeparatis, tunc in rotae modiolo tympanum includatur,Vitr. 10, 9 (14), 2. Particular connections. With other particles of time. Jam tunc (rare): nisi jam tunc omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem,Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: bellum jam tunc ab illis geri coeptum cum sibi Phrygiam ademerint, Trog. Pomp. ap. Just. 38, 53: At. C. Marius L. Sullam jam tunc, ut praecaventibus fatis, copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit,Vell. 2, 12, 1: Archilochum Nepos Cornelius tradit, Tullo Hostilio Romae regnante, jam tunc fuisse poëmatis clarum et nobilem,Gell. 17, 21, 8: palam jam tunc multae civitates libertatem bello vindicandam fremebant,Just. 13, 5, 5. With demum and denique, not until then, then only, then at last. Tunc demum. Absol.: tunc demum nuntius missus ad tertiam legionem revocandam,Liv. 41, 3, 5: tunc demum pectora plangi Contigit,Ov. H. 11, 91: tunc demum intrat tabernaculum,Curt. 4, 13, 20: tunc demum alia mala (exstiterunt),Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 6: (aquilae) primo deponunt, expertaeque pondus, tunc demum abeunt,Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 14: tunc demum ... invidiam quae sibi fieret deprecati sunt,Suet. Calig. 9: tunc demum ad otium concessit,id. Claud. 5. With cum clause: postero die cum circumsessi aquā arceremur, nec ulla ... erumpendi spes esset, tunc demum pacti sumus, etc.,Liv. 21, 59, 6: et serius cum redisset, tum demum, recepto sospite filio, victoriae tantae gaudium consul sensit,id. 44, 44, 3: cum ab his oritur, tunc demum ei ratio constat,Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.: quos ordine suo tunc demum persequar cum praefaturus fuero, Col. praef. 33; Sen. Ep. 84, 6; id. Q. N. 7, 13, 1. Tunc denique (very rare): hi dicebantur in eo tempore μαθηματικοί. Exinde ad perspicienda principia naturae procedebant ac tunc denique nominabantur φυσικοί, Gell. 1, 9, 7. Tunc primum: quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est,Sall. J. 5, 2: tunc primum circo qui nunc maximus dicitur, designatus locus est,Liv. 1, 35, 8: eum dolorem ulta est (plebs) tunc primum plebeis quaestoribus creatis,id. 4, 54, 2: tunc primum equo merere equites coeperunt,id. 5, 7, 13: lectisternio tunc primum in urbe Romanā facto,id. 5, 13, 6; Tac. A. 11, 38; Suet. Ner. 17; Just. 8, 5, 1; 11, 10, 2; Jul. Capitol. Anton. Phil. 5; 7. With deinde (cf.: tum deinde). Deinde tunc: roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis,Sen. Ep. 10, 4; 74, 23; 117, 1. Tunc deinde: primum militiae vinculum est religio et signorum amor, et deserendi nefas; tunc deinde facile cetera exiguntur, Sen. Ep. 95, 35; 11, 4; Val. Fl. 8, 109; Cels. 4, 15. So, tunc postea, Vitr. 1, 6, 7. Tunc tandem: simul enim cessit possessione Dii, excitavit hostem, ut tunc tandem sciret recuperanda esse quae prius amissa forent,Liv. 44, 8, 4. With emphatic particles. Tunc vero (or enimvero): in turbatos jam hostes equos inmittunt. Tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur,Liv. 40, 40, 10: cunctantem tamen ingens vis morbi adorta est. Tunc enim vero deorum ira admonuit,id. 2, 36, 6: tunc vero impotentis fortunae species conspici potuit,Curt. 3, 11, 23: Tiberioque suspensa semper verba; tunc vero nitenti, etc.,Tac. A. 1, 11. Tunc quidem: et tunc quidem Perseus copias reduxit; postero die, etc.,Liv. 42, 57, 9: tunc quidem sacrificio rite perpetrato, reliquum noctis rediit, etc.,Curt. 4, 13, 16; cf. id. 3, 12, 21. Ne tunc quidem: quia ne tunc quidem obsistebatur,Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9: ac ne tum quidem senatu aut populo appellato,Suet. Ner. 41; cf. Just. 27, 3, 6. Tunc maxime (or tunc cum maxime). Chiefly at that time, especially then: Theophrastus est auctor, in Ponto quosdam amnes crescere tempore aestivo ... aut quia tunc maxime in umorem mutabilis terra est, aut quia, etc.,Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 2.Just then: hospitem tunc cum maxime utilia suadentem abstrahi jussit ad capitale supplicium,Curt. 3, 2, 17: non incidunt causae quae iram lacessant? sed tunc maxime illi oppugnandae manus sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 14, 2: sapiens tunc maxime paupertatem meditatur cum in mediis divitiis constitit,id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1. Tunc interea, Gell. 3, 7, 7; v.supra, I. A. 4. α. Etiam tunc. Even then: experiri etiam tunc volens an ullae sibi reliquae vires essent, etc.,Gell. 15, 16, 3.Still: quam defunctam praetextatus etiam tunc pro rostris laudavit,Suet. Calig. 10. And with cum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 8; v.supra, II. A. 1. a. Tunc etiam. Etiam as connective, tum = eo tempore: in civitate plena religionum, tunc etiam ob recentem cladem superstitiosis principibus, ut renovarentur auspicia, res ad interregnum redit,Liv. 6, 5, 6.Poet. for tum etiam, on account of the vowel: ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo, Tunc etiam ... Tethys solet ipsa vereri,Ov. M. 2, 68. Tunc quoque. Also then: irae adversus Vejentes in insequentem annum dilatae sunt. Tunc quoque ne confestim bellum indiceretur religio obstitit,Liv. 4, 30, 13; 44, 37, 12: saepe legit flores; et tunc quoque forte legebat,Ov. M. 4, 315: quare et sereno tonat? quia tunc quoque per quassum et scissum aëra spiritus prosilit,Sen. Q. N. 2, 18: cum quidam histriones producti olim, tunc quoque producerentur,Suet. Claud. 21: tunc quoque in Hyrcaniam remittitur,Just. 38, 9, 9.Even then: tunc quoque cum antiqui illi viri inclite viverent, cura comere capillum fuit,Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7: faba vero non antequam trium foliorum. Tunc quoque levi sarculo purgare melius quam fodere,Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241; Suet. Ner. 26; Flor. 1, 7, 12. With tum demum: tametsi ad audiendum pigre coitur. Plerique in stationibus sedent ... ac sibi nuntiari jubent an jam recitator intraverit ... an ex magnā parte evolverit librum: tum demum ac tunc quoque lente cunctanterque veniunt,Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2. = sic quoque, even as it was: quin nisi firmata extrema agminis fuissent, ingens in eo saltu accipienda clades fuerit. Tunc quoque ad extremum periculi ventum est,Liv. 21, 34, 8. Tunc temporis (postclass.; v. tum, III. E.): ex gente obscura tunc temporis Persarum,Just. 1, 4, 4: parvae tunc temporis vires Atheniensibus erant,id. 3, 6, 6: ad abolendam invidiae famam quā insignis praeter ceteros tunc temporis habebatur,id. 8, 3, 7: erat namque tunc temporis urbs Appulis Brundisium,id. 12, 2, 7.
tunico tŭnĭco, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a.tunica, to clothe with a tunic. In the verb. finit. only once: tunicare homulum, Varr. ap. Non. 182, 17. In part. perf. (freq. and class.): tŭnĭcātus, a, um, clothed with a tunic, Cic. Cael. 5, 11; cf. in poet. transf., of life in the country: o tunicata quies!Mart. 10, 51, 6. Of the common people, who went clothed simply with the tunic: novistin' tu illunc tunicatum hominem?Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 2: qui metus erat tunicatorum illorum?Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 94: popellus,Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 65; Tac. Or. 7. So of the Carthaginians: juventus, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 12 (Ann. v. 331 Vahl.).Transf., covered with a coat, skin, or peel, coated: tunicatum caepe,Pers. 4, 3.
tunicopallium tŭnĭcopallĭum, ĭi, n.tunica-pallium,a garment uniting in one the tunic and the pallium, Serv. Verg. A. 1, 648; ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 99; cf. Non. 537, 33.
tuor tŭor, ōris, m.1. tuor, = tueor, the sight, vision: radios omnis nostri tuoris raritate transmittunt,App. de Deo Socr. p. 48.
turalis tūrālis (thūr-), e, adj.tus, of or belonging to incense, incense-: arca,Serv. Verg. A. 5, 745.
turarius tūrārĭus (thūr-), a, um, adj.id., of or belonging to frankincense. In gen. Adj.: tibiae, incense-flutes, i. e. flutes played upon while the incense was burned at sacrifices, Sol. 5 med. (called also tibiae sacrificae Tuscorum, Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 172; cf. Verg. G. 2, 193).Subst.: tūrārĭus, ii, m., a dealer in frankincense, Firm. Math. 8, 25 fin.; Tert. Idol. 11; Inscr. Orell. 4291; cf. Marini, Fratr. Arv. p. 338. Vicus Turarius, a street in Rome, in the eighth region, Ascon. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154.
turba turba, ae, f.= τύρβη; cf. Sanscr. turāmi, to hasten; turas, hasty; Lat. turma, a turmoil, hubbub, uproar, disorder, tumult, commotion, disturbance, of a crowd of people (syn. tumultus): praetor ait: cujus dolo malo in turbā damnum quod factum esse dicetur ... Turbam appellatam Labeo ait ex genere tumultūs, idque verbum ex Graeco tractum ἀπὸ τοῦ θορυβεῖν. Turbam autem ex quo numero admittimus? Si duo rixam commiserint, utique non accipiemus in turbā id factum, quia duo turba non proprie dicentur. Enimvero si plures fuerint, decem aut quindecim homines, turba dicentur. Quid ergo, si tres aut quattuor? Turba utique non erit. Et rectissime Labeo inter turbam et rixam multum interesse ait; namque turbam multitudinis hominum esse turbationem et coetum, rixam etiam duorum,Dig. 47, 8, 4: turba et confusio rerum,Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13; cf.: ut exsistat ex populo turba et confusio,id. Rep. 1, 45, 69: vis belli ac turba,id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91: multitudo ac turba fugientium,Caes. B. C. 2, 35: turbā atque seditionibus sine curā aluntur,Sall. C. 37, 3. Plur.: seditiones turbaeque populares,Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. Tac. H. 4, 1 fin.: efficere turbas in castris,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 31: turba est nunc apud aram,Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53: inter Officium turbamque sacri vocesque precantūm,Ov. M. 12, 33: festaque confusā resonabat regia turbā,id. ib. 12, 214 et saep.Transf. In gen., for a disturbance made by a few or a single person, a brawl, confusion, disturbance, quarrel (in good prose rare): non vides, quam turbam quosve fluctus concites? Att. ap. Non. 524, 26: turba atque rixa,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: fugiam intro, ne quid hic turbae fiat itidem,Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 9: Amphitruo actutum uxori turbas conciet,id. Am. 1, 2. 14: quas mihi filius turbas turbet,id. Bacch. 4, 10, 1: ebrius turbam aliquam dare, Caecil. ap. Non. 525, 4: jam tum inceperat Turba inter eos,Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 59; 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 16; 5, 2, 17. Concr., a crowd, throng, multitude, mob; a band, train, troop, etc. Of persons (freq. and class.; cf.: multitudo, vulgus): in foro turbāque,Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28: domus praetoria turbā referta,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 137: ut te eripias ex eā, quam ego congessi in hunc sermonem, turbā patronorum,id. Brut. 97, 332: admiratio vulgi atque turbae,id. Fam. 7, 1, 13: cum ex hac turbā et colluvione discedam,id. Sen. 23, 85: videt in turbā Verrem,Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 19: turbae carmina,Manil. 2, 136. With gen.: Iliadum turbā comitata,Verg. A. 2, 580: omnis Circi,Quint. 1, 6, 45: hominum ejus aetatis,id. 1, 2, 2: discipulorum,id. 10, 5, 21: omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum,Verg. A. 11, 13: scriptorum,Prop. 3 (4), 1, 12.Dario majorem turbam hominum esse, virorum sibi,Just. 11, 14, 10: forensem turbam in quattuor tribus conjecit,Liv. 9, 46, 14: consul alter velut unus, militaris turba erat, id. 22, 42, 3: conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,id. 39, 49, 9: Quiritium,Hor. C. 1, 1, 7: clientium,id. ib. 3, 1, 13: poëtarum seniorum,id. S. 1, 10, 67: pauperiorum,id. ib. 1, 1, 111: mea turba,Liv. 6, 15, 10. Esp., the common crowd, = vulgus: turba patronorum,Cic. Brut. 97, 332. Without the notion of a crowd or confusion, a great number, multitude: quid tibi de turbā narrem numeroque virorum?Ov. H. 15 (16), 181: plebes, turbā conspectior cum dignitates deessent,Liv. 22, 40, 4. Of other things, animate or inanimate, a crowd, throng, troop, multitude, number: turba ignotorum deorum,Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: praeter vulgum turbamque animantum,Lucr. 2, 920: ferarum,Ov. M. 11, 44: canum,id. ib. 4, 722: volucrum,id. ib. 10, 144: luporum,Sil. 7, 129: materiaï,Lucr. 1, 1113; 2, 127: refertis itineribus agrestium turbā pecorumque,Liv. 26, 10, 8; cf. Ov. M. 10, 106: rotarum,id. ib. 6, 219: jaculorum,id. P. 4, 7, 35: vulnerum,Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 162: castrensium negotiorum,Plin. Ep. 9, 25, 1. Of a speech: mediocria in mediam turbam atque in gregem coiciantur,Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314: inanium verborum,Quint. 8, 2, 17: argumentorum,id. 4, 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 1, 1; 4, 5, 7; 5, 13, 12.
turbamentum turbāmentum, i, n.turbo, a means of disturbance (very rare): turbamenta reipublicae,Sall. Or. Lepid. 11: turbamenta vulgi,Tac. H. 1, 23.
turbassit turbassit = turbaverit, v. turbo.
turbate turbātē, adv., v. 1. turbo, P. a. fin.
turbatio turbātĭo, ōnis, f.1. turbo, confusion, disorder, disturbance (perh. not ante-Aug.; cf.: conturbatio, perturbatio): turbam multitudinis hominum esse turbationem et coetum, rixam etiam duorum,Dig. 48, 8, 4 (v. turba init.): rerum,Liv. 24, 28, 1: reipublicae,Flor. 4, 6, 2: coloris et vultūs,Gell. 19, 1, 6: non sine magnā turbatione,App. M. 11, p. 271, 30.
turbator turbātor, ōris, m.id., a troubler, disquieter, disturber (not ante-Aug.): turbatores vulgi erant tribuni plebis,Liv. 4, 48, 1; so, vulgi,id. 4, 2, 7: plebis (Gracchi et Saturnini),Tac. A. 3, 27: Germaniae (Arminius),id. ib. 1, 55; cf. id. ib. 1, 30: otii,Sen. Contr. 3, 17fin. Plur.: turbatores belli,
turbatrix turbātrix, īcis, f.turbator, she that troubles, disquiets, or disturbs (poet. and very rare): turbatrix fama,Stat. Th. 4, 369: pacis,Prud. Psych. 668.
turbatus turbātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of 1. turbo.
turbellae turbellae or turbēlae, ārum, f.dim.turba. A bustle, stir, row (only in vulg. lang.): tantas turbellas facio,Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 134; so id. Ps. 1, 1, 108; App. de Deo Socr. p. 48, 20.A little crowd, multitude: populi circumfluentis,App. M. 4, p. 151, 39 al.
turben turben, ĭnis, v. 2. turbo init.
turbide turbĭdē, adv., v. turbidus fin.
turbido turbĭdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.turbidus, to trouble, to make turbid, to disturb, obscure (post-class.). Lit.: aquam,Sol. 49 fin.: aër turbidatus,Mart. Cap. 2, § 165. Trop.: laetitiam,Mart. Cap. 1, § 67; cf.: serenitatem animae,Sid. Ep. 6, 2.
turbidulus turbĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [id.], somewhat disturbed or confused: sensus,Prud. Apoth. 276.
turbidus turbĭdus, a, um, adj.turba, full of confusion or disorder, wild, confused, disordered (class.; cf.: agitatus, tumultuosus). Lit.: turbida tempestas heri fuit,
turbinatio turbĭnātĭo, ōnis, f.turbinatus, a pointing in the form of a cone: piri,Plin. 15, 21, 23, § 85.
turbinatus turbĭnātus, a, um, adj.2. turbo, coneshaped, pointed like a cone, conical. In gen.: adamas ... turbinatus in mucronem,Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 56; 11, 37, 69, § 181. Comp.: turbinatior piris figura,Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 58. As adj. propr.: lapis Turbinatus,Inscr. Orell. 3304 and 6616.
turbineus turbĭnĕus, a, um, adj.id., shaped like a top, cone-shaped: vortex,Ov. M. 8, 556.
turbo turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (fut. perf. turbassit, for turbaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 4; al. turbassitur) [turba], to disturb, agitate, confuse, disorder; to throw into disorder or confusion (freq. and class.; syn.: confundo, misceo, agito). Lit.: ventorum vi agitari atque turbari mare,Cic. Clu. 49, 138: aequora ventis,Lucr. 2, 1: hibernum mare,Hor. Epod. 15, 8; Ov. M. 7, 154; 14, 545 al.: eversae turbant convivia mensae,id. ib. 12, 222; cf. in a poet. transf.: ancipiti quoniam bello turbatur utrimque,Lucr. 6, 377: ne comae turbarentur, quas componi vetuit,Quint. 11, 3, 148: ne turbet toga mota capillos,Ov. Am. 3, 2, 75: capillos,id. M. 8, 859; id. Am. 3, 14, 33; cf. in a Greek construction: turbata capillos,id. M. 4, 474: ceram,
the seal
,Quint. 12, 8, 13: uvae recentes alvum turbant,Plin. 23, 1, 6, § 10. Absol.: instat, turbatque ruitque,Ov. M. 12, 134. Reflex.: cum mare turbaret (sc. se),Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7 Schneid. ad loc. (al. turbaretur). In partic. Milit. t. t., to throw into disorder, break the line of battle, disorganize: equitatus turbaverat ordines,Liv. 3, 70, 9: aciem peditum,id. 30, 18, 10. Absol.: equites eruptione factā in agmen modice primo impetu turbavere,Liv. 38, 13, 12: turbantibus invicem copiis,Flor. 4, 2, 49: hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, sistet,Verg. A. 6, 857. Of water, to trouble, make thick or turbid: lacus,Ov. M. 6, 364: fons quem nulla volucris turbarat,id. ib. 3, 410: flumen imbre,id. ib. 13, 889: limo aquam,Hor. S. 1, 1, 60: aquas lacrimis,Ov. M. 3, 475; cf.: pulvis sputo turbatus,Petr. 131.Trop.: non modo illa permiscuit, sed etiam delectum atque ordinem turbavit,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123: qui omnia inflma summis paria fecit, turbavit, miscuit,id. Leg. 3, 9, 19: Aristoteles quoque multa turbat, a magistro Platone non dissentiens,id. N. D. 1, 13, 33: quantas res turbo!Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1: quas meus filius turbas turbet,id. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; cf.: quae meus filius turbavit,id. ib. 5, 1, 5; id. Cas. 5, 2, 6: ne quid ille turbet vide,Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 24: haec, quae in re publicā turbantur,id. ib. 3, 9, 3: cum dies alicui nobilium dicta novis semper certaminibus contiones turbaret,Liv. 3, 66, 2: ne incertā prole auspicia turbarentur, id. 4, 6, 2: milites nihil in commune turbantes,Tac. H. 1, 85: turbantur (testes),Quint. 5, 7, 11; cf. id. 4, 5, 6; 5, 14, 29; 10, 7, 6: spem pacis,Liv. 2, 16, 5. Absol.: Ph. Ea nos perturbat. Pa. Dum ne reducam, turbent porro, quam velint, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12 (cf. I. B. 1. supra): repente turbare Fortuna coepit,Tac. A. 4, 1: si una alterave civitas turbet,id. ib. 3, 47: M. Servilius postquam, ut coeperat, omnibus in rebus turbarat, i. e. had deranged all his affairs, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2. Impers. pass.: nescio quid absente nobis turbatum'st domi,Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: totis Usque adeo turbatur agris,Verg. E. 1, 12: si in Hispaniā turbatum esset,Cic. Sull. 20, 57. Hence, turbātus, a, um, P. a., troubled, disturbed, disordered, agitated, excited.Lit.: turbatius mare ingressus,
more stormy
,Suet. Calig. 23: turbatius caelum,id. Tib. 69.Trop.: hostes inopinato malo turbati,Caes. B. C. 2, 12: oculis simul ac mente turbatus,Liv. 7, 26, 5: turbatus religione simul ac periculo,Suet. Ner. 19; cf.: turbatus animi,Sil. 14, 678: placare voluntates turbatas,Cic. Planc. 4, 11: seditionibus omnia turbata sunt, Sall. Or. Phil. contr. Lepid. 1: turbata cum Romanis pax,Just. 18, 2, 10: omnia soluta, turbata atque etiam in contrarium versa,Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 7; cf.: quae si confusa, turbata, permixta sunt, etc.,id. ib. 9, 5, 3. Hence, adv.: turbātē, confusedly, disorderly: aguntur omnia raptim atque turbate,
turbo turbo, ĭnis, m. (collat. form tur-ben, ĭnis, n., Tib. 1, 5, 3; id. ap. Charis. p. 118 P.; gen. turbonis, Caes. ib.) [1. turbo], that which spins or twirls round (cf. vertex). A whirlwind, hurricane, tornado: ventus circumactus et eundem ambiens locum et se ipse vertigine concitans turbo est. Qui si pugnacior est ac diutius volutatur, inflammatur, et efficit, quem πρηστῆρα Graeci vocant: hic est igneus turbo,Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 3: falsum est faces et trabes turbine exprimi,id. ib. 7, 5, 1; 2, 22, 2; id. Ep. 109, 18: procellae, turbines,Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; cf.: saevi exsistunt turbines, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157 (Trag. Rel. p. 111 Rib.); Enn. ap. Schol. Vat. ad Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 4 (Ann. v. 553 Vahl.): venti vis rapido percurrens turbine campos,Lucr. 1, 273; cf. id. 1, 279; 1, 294; 5, 217; Ov. M. 6, 310: senatus decrevit, ut Minerva, quam turbo dejecerat, restitueretur,Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 1: turbo aut subita tempestas,id. Cael. 32, 79: pulvis collectus turbine,Hor. S. 1, 4, 31: venti rotanti turbine portant,Lucr. 1, 294: ita turbine nigro Ferret hiemps,Verg. G. 1, 320: venti ruunt et terras turbine perflant,id. A. 1, 83: accendi turbine quodam aëris,Sen. Q. N. 7, 4, 1. In apposition with ventus: exoritur ventus turbo,Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: circumstabant navem turbines venti,id. Trin. 4, 1, 16.Trop., whirlwind, storm, etc.: qui in maximis turbinibus ac fluctibus rei publicae navem gubernassem,Cic. Pis. 9, 20: tu, procella patriae, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii,id. Dom. 53, 137: ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,Cat. 64, 149: cum illi soli essent duo rei publicae turbines,Cic. Sest. 11, 25: miserae mentis,Ov. Am. 2, 9, 28: miserarum rerum,id. M. 7, 614: nescio quo miserae turbine mentis agor,id. Am. 2, 9, 28: Gradivi,i. e.
turbula turbŭla, ae, f.dim.turba, a disorderly group, a little crowd of people (Appuleian): turbulae complent totas plateas,App. M. 11, p. 260, 16; 11, p. 159, 27; 4, p. 151, 39.
turbulente turbŭlentē, adv., v. turbulentus fin.
turbulenter turbŭlenter, adv.turbulentus, in a turbulent manner, confusedly, tumultuously, etc.: nihil turbulenter, nihil temere facere,Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 7.
turbystum turbystum or turbistum, i, n., a drug used by painters to facilitate the reception of a color, a mordant: scytatum atque turbystum,Plin. 33, 5, 26, § 88.
turda turda, ae, v. turdus.
turdarium turdārĭum, ii, n.turdus, a place where thrushes are kept, Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.
Turdetani Turdētāni, ōrum, m., a people of Hispania Baetica, near the mod. Seville, Liv. 21, 6, 1; 34, 17, 2. In a comic lusus verbb. with turdus (a thrush), Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 60. Hence, Turdētānia, ae, f., the country of the Turdetani, Turdetania: in Turdetaniam proficiscitur,Liv. 34, 17, 1; 28, 39, 11.
Turduli Turdŭli, ōrum, m., a people in Bœtica, living to the east of the Turdetani, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 4; Liv. 28, 39, 8. Hence, Tur-dŭlus, a, um, adj., of or relating to the Turduli: bellum,Liv. 34, 20, 2.
turgeo turgĕo, rsi, gēre, v. n.cf. Gr. σπαργάω, to swell; σφριγάω, to be full; perh. Sanscr. root ūrgā, succulence; Gr. ὀργάω, to swell, etc., to swell out, be swollen or tumid (mostly poet.; not in Cic.; cf. tumeo). Lit.: si lienes turgent,Cato, R. R. 157, 7: Cyclopis venter turserat alte, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 326 Vahl.): ora (ab ictu),Ov. F. 3, 757: lumina gemitu,Prop. 1, 21, 3: mammae,Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 141: rana,Prop. 3, 6 (4, 5), 27: laeto in palmite gemmae,Verg. E. 7, 48: frumenta,id. G. 1, 315: herba,Ov. M. 15, 203: caules,Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73: uva mero,Mart. 13, 68, 2: sacculus pleno ore,Juv. 14, 138.Trop. In gen.: turgent mendacia nimiis monstris,i. e.
turgesco turgesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [turgeo], to begin to swell, to swell up, swell.Lit.: ne aqua in eorum corpore turgescat,Varr. R. R. 8, 9, 13: hoc (umore) aetas illa (puerilis) turgescit,Quint. 11, 3, 28: prima Ceres docuit turgescere semen in agris,Ov. Am. 3, 10, 11: brassica valido caule, Col. poët. 10, 325: virgulta,Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 200: hic satur irriguo mavult turgescere somno, i. e. to grow fat or stout, Pers. 5, 56: bullatis nugis Pagina turgescit,i. e.
is full
,id. 5, 18.Trop.To swell with passion: sapientis animus numquam turgescit, numquam tumet,Cic. Tusc. 3, 9, 19: cor turgescit tristibus iris, id. poët. id. ib. 3, 9, 18: turgescit vitrea bilis,Pers. 3, 8. Of speech, to be inflated, turgid: genus dicendi, quod immodico tumore turgescit,Quint. 12, 10, 73.
Turia Tūrĭa, ae, m., a river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Turia or Guadalaviar, Mel. 2, 6, 6; Sall. H. 2, 96, 6 Dietsch; 2, 18 ib. Called also Tūrĭum, ii, n., Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 20. Hence, Tūrĭensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Turia: proelium (in the Sertorian war),Cic. Balb. 2, 5.
turifer tūrĭfĕr (thūr-), fĕra, fĕrum, adj.tusfero, incense-bearing, that bears, yields, or produces incense: Indus,Ov. F. 3, 720: regio,Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 104: Sabaei,Val. Fl. 6, 138; cf. Arabes,Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 71: silvae,id. Rapt. Pros. 2, 81: grex, that offers frankincense, i. e. idolaters, heathen, Prud. Apoth. 359.
turificator tūrĭfĭcātor (thūr-), ōris, m.turifico, one that offers incense to the gods, i. e. an idolater, Aug. contr. Liter. Petil. c. 103.
turifico tūrĭfĭco, āvi, 1, v. n.tus-facio, to burn incense, offer incense (eccl. Lat.), Aug. Ep. 87, 2. Hence, subst.: tūrĭfĭcātus (thūr-), i, m., one that offers incense (to the gods), a term applied to those Christians who sacrificed to the heathen gods in time of persecution, Cyprian. Ep. 55.
turilegus tūrĭlĕgus, a, um, adj.tus-lego, incense-gathering: Arabes,Ov. F. 4, 569.
turio turĭo, ōnis, m., a shoot, sprout, tendril, young branch of a tree, Col. 12, 50, 5; Apic. 8, 1.
Turium Turĭum, ii, v. Turia.
Turius Tŭrĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. Q. Turius, Cic. Fam. 12, 26, 1. C. Turius, Hor. S. 2, 1, 49. Hence, Tŭrĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Turius, Turian: hereditas, of Q. Turius, Cic Fam. 12, 26, 2: cassia, a peculiar kind so called,Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.
turma turma, ae, f.Sanscr. root tvar-, tur-, hasten; v. turba, a division of Roman cav alry, the tenth part of an ala, consisting at first of thirty, and afterwards of thirty-two men; a troop, squadron of horse. Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, 16, 26; Veg. Mil. 2, 14; Fest p. 355; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 6, 8; 7, 45; 7, 80, 7, 88; Hirt. B. G. 8, 19; Cic. Att. 5, 21, 10; id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; Hor. C. 2, 16, 22; id. Ep. 2, 1, 190 al.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 258 sq.Transf., in gen., a troop, crowd, throng, band, body: in turmā inauratarum equestrium (statuarum),Cic. Att. 6, 1, 17: immanis Titanum,Hor. C. 3, 4, 43: Iliae,id. C. S. 38: cristatae exercitus. Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 133; id. in Ruf. 2, 343: Alexan dri,Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 64: feminea,Ov. P. 4, 10, 51: Gallica,i. e.
turmalis turmālis, e, adj.turma, of or belong ing to a troop or squadron.Lit., as subst.: turmāles, ium, m.: T. Manlius cum suis turmalibus evasit, i. e. with those of his squadron or troop, Liv. 8, 7, 1; 25, 18, 11.Transf.: non sanguine cretus Turmali trabeāque Remi,i. e.
,Claud. B. Gild. 447. In a pun Scipio ille major Corinthiis statuam pollicentibus eo loco, ubi aliorum essent impe ratorum, turmales dixit displicere, i. e horsemen, and also crowds, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262. Neutr. adverb.: Bellona mixta viris turmale fremit,
turmatim turmātim, adv.id.. Lit., by troops or squadrons: equites se turmatim explicare coeperunt,Caes. B. C. 3, 93: nostri turmatim in eum devenerunt,Hirt. B. G. 8, 18: vagantibus circa moenia turmatim barbaris,Liv. 5, 39, 5: abire,id. 28, 13, 9 al.Transf., in gen., in troops, in bands: corpora turmatim certantia,Lucr. 2, 118.
Turones Tŭrŏnes, um, m., a people in Gallia Lugdunensis, on the Liger, near the site of the mod. Tours, Caes. B. G. 2, 35; 7, 4; Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107. Called afterwards Tŭrŏ-ni or Tŭrŏnĭi, ōrum, Tac. A. 3, 41; Caes. B. G. 7, 75; Hirt. B. G. 8, 46; Amm. 15, 11, 12. Hence, Tŭrŏnĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Turones, Turonic: ecclesiae episcopatus,
of Tours
,Sulp. Sev. Vit. S. Mart. 9. Tŭrŏnĭcensis, e, Ven. Misc. 8, 21.
turpiculus turpĭcŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [turpis], ugly, foul, deformed.Lit.: nasus, Cat. 41, 3: res,Varr. L. L. 7, § 97 Müll.Trop.: jocus in (rebus) turpiculis et quasi deformibus ponitur,Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 248.
turpido turpīdo, ĭnis, f.contr. from turpidudo, baseness, etc., Tert. Cor. Mil. 14; Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2 MSS. (B. and K. turpitudinis; cf. Osann ad loc.).
turpificatus turpĭfĭcātus, a, um, adj.turpisfacio, made foul or filthy, debased, deformed, corrupted; trop.: foeditas turpificati animi. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105.
Turpilius Turpĭlĭus, i, m.; Turpĭlĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens. So, Sex. Turpilius, a Roman comic poet, a contemporary and friend of Terence, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 34, 72. Fem. Turpilia, Cic. Fam. 7, 21.
turpiloquium turpĭlŏquĭum, ii, n.turpis-loquor, obscene or immodest speech, Tert. Pud. 17 fin.; Ambros. Fid. 5, 10, § 110.
turpilucricupidus turpĭlŭcrī^cŭpĭdus, i, adj. m. [turpis-lucrum-cupidus], = αισχροκερδής, covetous of base or dishonest gain, as a term of abuse, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 63.
turpilucrus turpĭlŭcrus, i, adj. m. [turpis-iucrum], making dishonest gain, Aug. Op. Mon. 13.
turpo turpo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.id., to make ugly or unsightly, to soil, defile, pollute, disfigure, deform (mostly poet.; cf. deformo). Lit.: Jovis aram sanguine turpari, to be defiled or polluted, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; 3, 19, 45 (Trag. v. 125 Vahl.): sanguine capillos,Verg. A. 10, 832: canitiem pulvere,id. ib. 12, 611: frontem (cicatrix),Hor. S. 1, 5, 61; cf.: candidos umeros (rixae),id. C. 1, 13, 10: ora (pallor),Sil. 7, 631: te quia rugae Turpant et capitis nives,Hor. C. 4, 13, 12: ipsos (scabies),Tac. H. 5, 4: Herculea turpatus gymnade vultus,Stat. Th 4, 106.Trop., to dishonor, disgrace: ornamenta, Cic. Fragm. ap. Hier Ep. 66, 7: avos,Stat. Th. 8, 433: afflictos Argos,id. ib. 10, 437.
Turranius Turrānĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens, esp., D. Turranius Niger, a friend of Varro and of Q. Cicero, Varr. R. R. 2, praef. § 6; Cic. Att. 1, 6, 2; 6, 9, 2; 7, 1, 1. M. Turranius, a prœtor, Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25. C. Turranius, praefectus annonae, Tac. A. 1, 7; 11, 31. Turranius, a tragic poet, Ov. P. 4, 16, 29. Deriv.: Turrānĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Turranius, Turranian: pira, a peculiar kind so called,Col. 5, 10, 18; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54; Macr. S. 2, 15 fin.
turricula turrĭcŭla. ae, f.dim.turris. A little tower, a turret, Vitr. 10, 19 med. = pyrgus, a kind of dice-box, shaped like a tower, Mart. 14, 16in lemm.
turriger turrĭger, gĕra. gĕrum. adj.turris-gero, turret-bearing, turreted. In gen. (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): umeri elephantorum,Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 4: ferae moles,Sil. 9, 560: urbes,Verg. A. 10, 253: ripae, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 229: Antemnae,Verg. A. 7, 631: carinae,Luc. 3, 514; 4, 226. Of a city: patriae imago turrigero canos effundens vertice crines,Luc. 1, 188.Tur-rĭgĕra, ae, adj. f., turret - crowned, turreled, an epithet of Cybele, who was represented with a crown of turrets (personifying the earth and its cities): Cybele,Ov. F. 6, 321: dea,id. ib. 4, 224: Ops,id. Tr. 2, 24.
turturilla turtūrilla, ae, f.dim.turtur, a little turtle-dove; a term applied to an effeminate person, Sen. Ep. 96, 5.
turunda turunda, ae, f.A ball of paste for fattening geese, Cato, R. R. 89; Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 20.A kind of sacrificial cake, Varr. ap. Non. 552, 3.A tent or roll of lint for wounds, Cato, R. R. 157, 14; Scrib. Comp. 201.
tutaculum tūtācŭlum, i, n.1. tutor, a defence, means of protection, Prud. adv. Symm. 2, 387.
tutamen tūtāmen, ĭnis, n.id., a means of defence, defence, protection (poet. and postclass.): (lorica) decus et tutamen in armis,Verg. A. 5, 262. Plur.: domorum aut vestium,Arn. 2, 71: deposcimus rebus fessis,id. 1, 15.
tutamentum tūtāmentum, i, n.id., a means of defence, defence, protection (rare; not anteAug.),Liv. 21, 61, 10: circumspiciens tutamenta sermonis,App. M. 1, p. 105; Vulg. 1 Macc. 14, 37.
Tutanus Tūtānus, i, m.id., the name of a Roman guardian deity, who is fabled to have put Hannibal to flight, Varr. ap. Non. 47 fin.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 4, p. 14; and v. Tutelina. Plur.: Titanas vobis Tutanos dicitis esse,Commod. 20, 1.
,Just. 41, 5, 3. In partic., jurid. t. t., the office of a guardian, guardianship, wardship, tutelage of minors, insane persons, etc.: tutela est, ut Servius definit, vis ac potestas in capite libero ad tuendum eum, qui propter aetatem suā sponte se defendere nequit, jure civili data ac permissa,Dig. 26, 1 (De tutelis), 1: tradere aliquem in tutelam alicujus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193: in suam tutelam venire,
,Just. Inst. 1, 12, 6: administrare,Dig. 26, 7, 3, § 2: reddere,ib. 5, 1, 2, § 3.Transf., concr. Act., like our watch, of that which guards or protects, a keeper, warder, guardian, protector (mostly poet.): (Philemon et Baucis) templi tutela fuere,Ov. M. 8, 711: prorae tutela Melanthus, i. e. the pilot at the prow, = proreta, id. ib. 3, 617: o tutela praesens Italiae (Augustus),Hor. C. 4, 14, 43: (Achilles) decus et tutela Pelasgi Nominis,Ov. M. 12, 612: rerum tutela mearum Cum sis (shortly before: curator a praetore datus),Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 103. Of the image of the tutelar deity of a ship: navis, cujus tutela ebore caelata est, etc.,Sen. Ep. 76, 13; Lact. 1, 11, 19; cf. Sil. 14, 543; Petr. 105 and 108. Of the tutelar deity of a place, Petr. 57; Auct. Priap. 37; Hier. in Isa. 57, 7; Inscr. Orell. 1698 sq.; 1736.A remedy against, cure: si qua est tutela podagrae,Grat. Cyn. 478.Pass., of that which is guarded or protected, a charge, care. In gen. (poet.): virginum primae puerique claris Patribus orti, Deliae tutela deae,Hor. C. 4, 6, 33: Lanuvium annosi vetus est tutela draconis,Prop. 4 (5), 8, 3.sit, precor, tutela Minervae Navis,Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 1 sq. In partic., in jurid. lang., that which is under guardianship or tutelage: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea affini, a ward, Massur. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5. Of the property of a ward: mirabamur, te ignorare, de tutelā legitimā ... nihil usucapi posse,Cic. Att. 1, 5, 6: nihil potest de tutelā legitimā sine omnium tutorum auctoritate deminui,id. Fl. 34, 84; Dig. 26, 7, 5.
tutelaris tūtēlāris, e, adj.tutela (post-class.). (Acc. to tutela, I. B.) Of or belonging to guardianship, tutelar, tutelary: causa,Dig. 12, 3, 4: instrumenta,ib. 27, 7, 8: anni,Sid. Ep. 4, 24 fin.: praetor,Capitol. M. Aur. 19 fin. (Acc. to tutela, II. A.) Di, tutelar deities of places, Macr. S. 3, 9; Arn. 3, 114.
tutelarius tūtēlārĭus, ii, m.tutela, I. A., one who has the care or custody of a thing, a keeper, warden, curator; of a building, Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38: PRAETOR,Inscr. Grut. 363, 2; 465, 5.
tutelator tūtēlātor, ōris, m.tutela, a protector, guardian; said of a genius, Mart. Cap. 2, § 152.
tutelatus tūtēlātus, a, um, adj.id., that is under protection: genus agri (with in tutelam rei urbanae assignatum),Aggen. Limit. Agr. p. 58 Goes.
Tutelina Tūtēlīna or Tūtīlīna, ae, f.id., a guardian deity, tutelar goddess. Of Rome, Varr. L. L. 5, § 163 Müll.; id. ap. Non. 247, 29. Of corn, Tert. Spect. 8; Macr. S. 1, 16; Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 8; cf. Plin. 18, 1, 3, § 8; v. Tutanus.
tutemet tūtĕmet, v. tute and met.
Tuticanus Tūtĭcānus, i, m., the name of a man, Ov. P. 4, 12, 10 sq. (where it is sportively scanned Tūtĭcănumque and Tūtĭcănui, to show that it cannot stand in elegiac verse).
Tutienses Tutĭenses, ium, m., an ancient people of Latium, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69.
tutor tūtor, ātus (inf. parag. tutarier, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 41), 1, v. dep. a. [tueor], to watch, guard, keep, protect, defend.Lit. (class.; syn. tueor): tutatus est domum,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196: rem eri (servus),id. Men. 5, 6, 4: rem parentum,id. Merc. 5, 1, 6: res Italas armis,Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 2: genae ab inferiore parte tutantur (oculos),Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143: egregiis muris situque naturali urbem tutantes,Liv. 5, 2, 6: cum Volsci vallo se tutarentur,id. 3, 22, 5: religione sese tutabatur,Tac. A. 1, 39: rem publicam,Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2: provincias,id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: serves Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio,Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 81; 2, 1, 171: quas (spes) necesse est et virtute et innocentiā tutari,Sall. J. 85, 4: natura arbores cortice a frigoribus et calore tutata est,Plin. 7, praef. § 2: quibus (viribus) ab irā Romanorum vestra tutaremini,Liv. 6, 26, 1: a proximorum insidiis salutem, Val. Ant. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 3: locorum ingenio sese contra imbelles regis copias tutabatur,Tac. A. 6, 41: adversus multitudinem hostium,Liv. 21, 25, 14: ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit,
tutorius tūtōrĭus, a, um, adj.1. tutor, of or belonging to a guardian: tutorio nomine regnum administrare,Just. 30, 3, 4.
tutrix tutrix, īcis, f [id.], a female guardian, tutrix.Lit.: filiarum suarum,Cod. Just. 5, 35, 3.Transf., of the Muses, Fulg. Myth. praef. fin.
tutubo tūtŭbo, āre, v. n.onomatop., to cry like an owl, to hoot: noctua lucifugax tutubat in tenebris, Auct. Carm. Philom. 41 (al. cucubat); cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 96.
tutulatus tŭtŭlātus, a, um, adj.tutulus, having or wearing a tutulus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 44 Müll.; and in Fest. s. v. tutulum, pp. 354 and 355 ib. (Ann. v. 124 Vahl.), Pompon. ap. Non. 19, 16.
tutulus tŭtŭlus, i, m., a high head-dress, formed by plaiting the hair in a cone over the forehead, worn esp. by the Flamen and his wife, Tert. Pall. 4 fin.; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 44 Müll.; Fest. pp 354 and 355 ib.; and v. Böttig. Sabina, 1, p. 132.
Tutunus Tūtūnus, i, m., i. q. Priapus, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 11; Arn. 4, 131 and 133.
tutus tūtus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of tueor.
tuus tŭus, a, um, pron. poss. [tu], thy, thine, your, yours.Lit. In gen.: tuŏs est servus,Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 63: ex tuā accepi manu,id. ib. 2, 2, 132: imperium tuom,id. ib. 2, 1, 84: Me. Quojus nunc es? So. Tuos, nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom, id. ib. 1, 1, 219: tuos sum,id. ib. 2, 1, 7 and 14: vigebat auditor Panaetii illius tui Mnesarchus,Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45: de tuis unus est,id. Fam. 13, 16, 3: numquam tu ... tam longe a tot tuis et hominibus et rebus carissimis et suavissimis abesse voluisses,id. Att. 4, 15: tuā istuc refert, si curaveris,Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 109 (v. refert): Ly. Bene ego volo illi facere, si tu non nevis. Ph. Nempe de tuo. Ly. De meo: nam quod tuomst. meumst: omne meum autem tuomst,Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 47 sq.: tuae potestatis semper tu tuaque omnia sint, Liv. 22, 39, 21. Esp.: tuum est, it is thy part, duty, custom, etc.; with inf.: haud tuom istuc est vereri te,Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 36: tuomst, si quid praeter spem evenit, mihi ignoscere,Ter. And. 4, 1, 53. Made emphatic by the suffix pte or met (ante-class. and late Lat.): tuopte ingenio,Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 11: tuopte consilio,id. Mil. 3, 1, 11: scio te sponte non tuāpte errasse,id. Trin. 3, 2, 40: tuismet litteris,App. Mag. p. 337. Pregn. Your, your own, i. e. favorable, auspicious, proper, suitable, or right for you: tempore non tuo,Mart. 10, 19, 12: haec hora est tua,id. 10, 19, 19: tempore tuo pugnasti,Liv. 38, 45, 10: neque occasioni tuae desis neque suam occasionem hosti des,id. 22, 39, 21 (v. suus).Your own, your own master, self-possessed: compositus semperque tuus,Stat. S. 2, 2, 72; cf. id. Th. 4, 836; Arn. 1, 12.Transf., for the obj. gen. tui: desiderio tuo,
tuxtax tuxtax, an exclamation imitative of the sound of blows: tuxtax meo tergo erit,Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 12; cf. Naev. ap. Charis. 2, p. 185 P. (Com. Fragm. v. 6 Rib.), tax pax.