R R, r, indecl.n. or (sc. littera) f. The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Πύρρος, ἀρραβών. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek χθές); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc. The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major. For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. R is assimilated, Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).
Rabirius Răbīrĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. Thus, C. Rabirius, a tribune of the people; and, C. Rabirius Postumus, a knight; both of them defended by Cicero in orations still extant.An indifferent philosophical writer, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 5. An excellent poet, Ov. P 4, 16, 5; Quint. 10, 1, 90. Hence, Răbīrĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Rabirius, Rabirian: domus,Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.
rabo răbo, ĕre, v. n., v. rabio.
rabo răbo, ōnis, = arrhabo, v. arrha.
Rabocentus Rabocentus, i, m., a Bessic prince, put to death by L. Piso, Cic. Pis. 34.
rabula răbŭla, ae, m.1. rabo, a brawling, wrangling advocate, a pettifogger (cf.: clamator, declamator): non declamatorem aliquem de ludo aut rabulam de foro ... quaerimus,Cic. Or. 15, 47; with causidicus and proclamator, id. de Or. 1, 46. 202; with latrator, Quint. 12, 9, 12; cf. Fest. s. v. rava vox, p. 137 Müll.; Non. 26, 21; 60, 19.
rabulana răbŭlānapix, an unknown kind of pitch [perh. ravus, grayish], Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120.
racematio răcēmātĭo, ōnis, f [id.], the gleaning of a vineyard, a grape-gleaning (cf. spicilegium), Tert. Apol. 35.
racematus răcēmātus, a, um, adj.id., having clusters or berries, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 54.
racemifer răcēmĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj.racemusfero, cluster-bearing, clustering; a poet. epithet: uvae, Ov M. 3, 666; and in a broader sense: racemifer Bacchus,
radicalis rādīcālis, e, adj.radix, having roots (post-class.), Aug. c. Faust. 13, 12.
radicatus rādīcātus, a, um, v. radicor.
radicesco rādīcesco, ĕre, v. inch. [radix], to take root, Sen. Ep. 86 fin.
radicitus rādīcĭtus, adv.id., with the roots, by the roots (class.). Lit.: effodere herbas malas,Cato, R. R. 50: concidere rosetum,Varr. R. R. 1, 35, 1; Cat. 64, 288: evellere arborem,Suet. Vesp. 5: eximere,Col. 4, 33, 4: interire,id. 6, 3, 1: auferre ungues,Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 51 al. Trop., by the roots, i. e. utterly, completely, radically: radicitus tollere atque extrahere cupiditatem,Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.: extrahere religionem ex animis hominum,id. N. D. 1, 43, 121: excutere opinionem alicui,id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111: omnia malefacta vostra repperi radicitus,
radico rādīco, āvi, 1, v. n., and rādīcor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [id.], to strike root, take root (post-Aug.). Lit. Form radico, Cassiod. H. E. 2, 6. Form radicor: mergi facile radicantur,Col. 4, 2, 2; Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 36; 18, 7, 10, § 51 al. Hence, rādīcātus, a, um, having roots: semina,Col. Arb. 20 fin.; Pall. Febr. 10, 1; 18, 1; 19, 2 al.Trop.: et radicavi in populo honorificato (i. e. ego sapientia),
have found a home
,
struck root
,Vulg. Ecclus. 24, 16: in caritate radicati et fundati,id. Eph. 3, 17. rādīcātus, a, um, rooted, Sid. Ep. 5, 10 fin.
radicosus rādīcōsus, a, um, adj.id., full of roots, having many roots: bracchia hederarum,Plin. 16, 34, 62, § 151.
radio rădĭo, āvi, ātum, 1radius. * (Acc. to radius, I. B. 1.) V. a., to furnish with spokes: rota radiata,Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15. (Acc. to radius, II.) V. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose). Act., to furnish with beams, make beaming, irradiate; only in pass., to be irradiated, to gleam, emit beams. Lit.: galeae gemmis radientur et auro,Ov. P. 3, 4, 103. Esp. freq. in the part. perf. and P. a.: rădĭātus, a, um, furnished with rays, irradiated, shining: miles ut adverso Phoebi radiatus ab ictu,
radix rādix, īcis (gen. plur. radicium, Cassiod. H. E. 1, 1; Jul. Val. Itin. Alex. 32 (75)), f.Gr. ῥίζα, a root; ῥάδιξ, a shoot or twig; cf. ramus, a root of a plant (cf. stirps). Lit. In gen. (mostly in plur.): radices agere,
rado rādo, si, sum, 3, v. a., to scrape, scratch, shave, rub, or smooth; of the hair, to shave off with a razor (while tondere is to cut off with shears; mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. scabo). Lit.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO, tear, lacerate by scratching, in mourning, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59; Plin. 11, 37, 58, § 157; and Fest. s. v. radere, p. 227: fauces,
raedarius raedārĭus (rēdārĭus), i, adj.raeda, of or belonging to a four-wheeled carriage: mulae,Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7. Hence, subst.: raedārĭus, i, m.A coachman, the driver of a ræda: raedarium occidunt,Cic. Mil. 10, 29.A wagon-builder, coachmaker, Capitol. Max. et Balb. 5, § 1.
Ramnes Ramnes and Ramnenses, ĭum, m.The Latin stock or tribe from whose union with the Taties (Sabines) and Luceres (Etruscans) sprang the most ancient Roman State; form Ramnes, usually applied to the tribe, Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.; Liv. 10, 6, 7; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 31; Ov. F. 3, 131; but it is called Ramnenses,Varr. L. L. 5, § 55. From them was named, One of the three centuries of knights instituted by Romulus, usually called Ramnenses, Liv. 1, 13, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 36; but Ramnes in Liv. 1, 36, 2. Hence, poet. for nobles of the olden time, Hor. A. P. 342.
ramus rāmus, i, m.for rad-mus; Sanscr. root vardh, crescere; cf.: radix, radius, a branch, bough, twig (cf.: surculus, termes). Lit.: in quibus (arboribus) non truncus, non rami, non folia sunt denique, nisi, etc.,Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 179; Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. v. 194 Vahl.): qui praetereuntes ramum defringerent arboris,Cic. Caecin. 21, 60: sub ramis arboris,Lucr. 2, 30; 5, 1393: decidere falcibus ramos,id. 5, 936 et saep.: tempora cingite ramis,Verg. A. 5, 71; 8, 286; Val. Fl. 6, 296; Hor. C. 2, 15, 9; id. S. 1, 5, 81: ingens ramorum umbra,Verg. G. 2, 489; id. A. 6, 808. Poet., for a tree, Verg. A. 3, 650; for the fruit of trees, id. ib. 8, 318; in partic., for frankincense twigs, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 211. Transf., of things having a branching form. A branch of a stag's antlers, Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 2.A spur of a mountain chain, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 134. A club, Prop. 1, 1, 13; 4 (5), 9, 15. = membrum virile, Nov. ap. Non. 116, 26.An arm or mouth of a river: multos ignobiles ramos porrigit (Nilus),Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 11.A branch or arm of the Greek letterγ, used by Pythagoras as a symbol of the two paths of life, leading to virtue and vice, Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; hence called Samii rami,Pers. 3, 56.Trop., a branch: ramos amputare miseriarum,Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: fortitudo, cujus patientia et perpessio et tolerantia rami sunt,Sen. Ep. 67, 10. Of a branch of consanguinity, Pers. 3, 28.
ramusculus rāmuscŭlus, i, m.dim.ramus, a little branch or bough, a twig (late Lat. for ramulus), Hier. Ep. 133, 3; Vulg. Isa. 18, 5.
,Plin. 32, 8, 29, § 92; v. rubeta. The entrails of frogs were used for charms,Juv. 3, 44. Prov.: inflat se tamquam rana,Petr. 74, 13: qui fuit rana, nunc est rex, said of one who has risen from a lowly station,id. 74, 77 fin.Transf. Rana marina, a sea-fish, the frog-fish, fishing frog, angler: Lophius piscatorius, Linn.; Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125; called also simply rana,Plin. 9, 24, 40, § 78; and: rana piscatrix,id. 9, 42, 67, § 143.A push, or swelling on the tongue of beasts, Col. 6, 8, 1; Veg. 3, 3, 12.
rancidus rancĭdus, a, um, adj.ranceo, rancens, stinking, rank, rancid.Lit.: cadavera,Lucr. 6, 1155: aper,Hor. S. 2, 2, 89.Trop., disgusting, loathsome, offensive: aspectus,Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 92. Comp.: quid rancidius, quam, etc.,Juv. 6, 185. Sup. does not occur. Adv.: rancĭdē, nauseously, disgustingly: ficta verba,Gell. 18, 11, 2; 18, 8, 1.
ranco ranco, āre, v. racco.
rancor rancor, ōris, m.ranceo, rancens. Lit., a stinking smell or flavor, rankness, rancidity (late Lat.), Pall. 1, 20, 2; 11, 10, 2. Trop., an old grudge, rancor, Hier. Ep. 13, 1.
ranula rānŭla, ae, f.dim.rana. Lit., a little frog, a tadpole, App. M. 9, p. 233, 11. Transf., a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, Veg. 4, 5, 1 al.
ranunculus rānuncŭlus, i, m.dim.rana. Lit., a little frog, a tadpole, porwigle, Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15.Transf., jocosely, of the inhabitants of Ulubrae (as residing in the neighborhood of marshes), Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3.A medicinal plant, called also batrachion, perh. crowfoot, ranunculus, Plin. 25, 13, 109, § 172; Tert. Spect. 27.
,Veg. 6, 1, 1. With gen.: chryselectrum rapacissimum ignium,
very ignitible
,Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 51. As a poet. epithet of floods: amnes,Lucr. 5, 341: fluvii,id. 1, 17: unda, Cic. poët. N. D. 3, 10, 24: undae,Ov. M. 8, 550: Danubius,id. ad Liv. 397. Hence, transf., an appellation of the twenty-first legion and the soldiers composing it (qs. that sweeps every thing before it), Tac. H. 2, 43; 100; 3, 14; 18; 22.Trop. (rare), with gen., grasping, seizing eagerly or quickly, greedy, avaricious: nihil est rapacius quam natura,Cic. Lael. 14, 50: rapacia virtutis ingenia,Sen. Ep. 95, 36: nostri omnium utilitatum et virtutum rapacissimi,Plin. 25, 2, 2, § 4.
raphaninus răphănīnus, a, um, adj., = ῥαφάνινος,of radishes, made from radishes: oleum,Plin. 23, 4, 49, § 94.
rapidus răpĭdus, a, um, adj.rapio, tearing away, seizing.Lit. (very rare, and only poet.): ferae,Ov. H. 10, 96; 11, 111 (but in Lucr. 4, 712, the correct read. is rabidi leones). Of hunting-dogs: agmen,
,Liv. 22, 12 fin.: rapidus proelia miscet,Sil. 1, 266: rapidus in urbem vectus,Tac. H. 2, 54. Hence, adv.: răpĭdē, acc. to II., hurriedly, hastily, quickly, rapidly: dilapsus (fluvius),Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6: iter confecit (along with festinanter),Suet. Calig. 43. Comp.: eo rapidius ... venit Rigodulum,Tac. H. 4, 71. Trop.: quod (παθητικόν) cum rapide fertur, sustineri nullo pacto potest, Cic. Or. 37, 128.
rapinator răpīnātor, ōris, m.id., a robber, only Lucil. and Varr. ap. Non. 129, 29, and 167, 20 sq.
rapio răpĭo, pŭi, ptum, 3 (old perf. subj. rapsit, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; part. perf. fem. ex raptabus, Gell. ap. Charis. p. 39 P.), v. a.root ἁρπ; Gr. ἅρπη, a bird of prey, ἁρπαγή, ἁρπάζω; Lat. rapidus, rapax, rapina, etc.; cf. Sanscr. lup-, lumpāmi, rumpo; Gr. λῦπή, to seize and carry off, to snatch, tear, drag, draw, or hurry away, = violenter sive celeriter capio (freq. and class.; in Cæs. not at all, and in Cic. mostly in the trop. signif.; cf.: ago, fero, traho, capio, sumo). Lit. In gen., Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 15; 30; 31: quo rapitis me? quo fertis me?id. Men. 5, 7, 10; cf. Verg. A. 6, 845; Ov. M. 9, 121: quo me cunque rapit tempestas?Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 15; cf. id. C. 3, 25, 1: sumasne pudenter an rapias,
,Verg. A. 7, 340; so, arma,Ov. M. 2, 603: arma manu,Verg. A. 8, 220: bipennem dextrā,id. ib. 11, 651: cingula,id. ib. 9, 364. With reflex. pron., to hasten, hurry, tear one's self, etc.: ocius hinc te Ni rapis,Hor. S. 2, 7, 118; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 5, 29: se ad caedem optimi cujusque,Cic. Phil. 13, 8, 18. In partic. To carry off by force; to seize, rob, ravish; to plunder, ravage, lay waste, take by assault, carry by force, etc. (very freq.; cf. praedor),Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 11: erat ei vivendum latronum ritu, ut tantum haberet, quantum rapere potuisset,Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 62: tamquam pilam rapiunt inter se rei publicae statum tyranm ab regibus,id. Rep. 1, 44, 68: virgines rapi jussit ... quae raptae erant, etc.,id. ib. 2, 7, 12; 2, 8, 14; so, virgines,
,Verg. A. 7, 725; cf. id. ib. 10, 178: rapiuntque ruuntque; Litora deseruere, take hold, seize in haste (the cables, etc.), id. ib. 4, 581; cf.: scalas, Auct. B. Alex. 20, 4. Of the gliding movement of a serpent nec rapit immensos orbes per humum,
,Verg. A. 6, 8 Heyne; cf.: acrior et campum sonipes rapit,Stat. Th. 5, 3.Trop. In gen., to snatch, force, or hurry away: fertur quasi torrens oratio, quamvis multa cujusquemodi rapiat,Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3: ipsae res verba rapiunt,
carry along with them
,id. ib. 3, 5, 19: aspice me quanto rapiat Fortuna periclo, carries away (the figure taken from a storm at sea), Prop. 1, 15, 3: aliquem in deteriorem viam,Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 54; cf.: (comoediam) in pejorem partem,i. e.
,Hor. C. 4, 7, 8; cf.: simul tecum solatia rapta,Verg. E. 9, 18: impetus rapit huc, rapit illuc,Stat. Th. 12, 794. In partic. To carry along or away with passion, to transport, ravish, captivate; and with a designation of the limit, to carry or hurry away, to attract strongly to any thing (usually in a bad sense): impetu raptus,Quint. 7, 2, 44: judicem rapere,id. 6, 2, 3; cf. id. 10, 1, 110; 12, 10, 61: praedae ac rapinarum cupiditas caeca te rapiebat,Cic. Pis. 24, 57: amentiā rapi,id. Fam. 16, 12, 2: furorne caecus, an rapit vis acrior, An culpa?Hor. Epod. 7, 13; cf.: in medias res auditorem,id. A. P. 149: utraque forma rapit,Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 44: quem (sc. leonem) cruenta Per medias rapit ira caedes,Hor. C. 3, 2, 12: rapit omnes ira,Sil. 14, 299: ὁρμή, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit, Cic. Off. 1, 28 fin.; cf. Verg. A. 4, 286; 8, 21: ad quas (res) plerique inflammati aviditate rapiuntur,Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38: animus cupidine caecus ad inceptum scelus rapiebat,Sall. J. 25, 7: ea (cupiditas) ad oppugnandam Capuam rapit,Liv. 7, 30 et saep. In a good sense: qui ad divinarum rerum cognitionem curā omni studioque rapiantur,Cic. Div. 1, 49, 111: rapi ad opes augendas generis humani,id. Rep. 1, 2, 3. Poet., with inf. (for ad aliquid): (mundus) rapit aetherios per carmina pandere census,Manil. 1, 12.To seize by violence, to snatch, steal (poet.): Hippodameam raptis nactu'st nuptiis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 398 Vahl.): oscula,Hor. C. 2, 12, 28; Tib. 1, 4, 53; 55; 1, 8, 58; cf.: Venerem incertam,Hor. S. 1, 3, 109; cf.: sed rapiat sitiens Venerem,
but may eagerly seize upon
,Verg. G. 3, 137: illicitas voluptates,Tac. H. 3, 41: spem adoptionis acrius in dies,id. ib. 1, 13fin.: quo facinore dominationem raptum ierit expediam,id. A. 4, 1; cf. id. H. 2, 6. With the idea of rapidity or haste predominating, to snatch, seize, or lay hold of quickly, to hasten, precipitate (poet.; in prose only since the Aug. per.): vive, Ulixes, dum licet: Oculis postremum lumen radiatum rape: non dixit cape, non pete; haberet enim moram sperantis diutius sese victurum; sed rape,Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 162 (from an old poet.): rapiamus, amici, Occasionem de die,Hor. Epod. 13, 3; so, occasionem,Juv. 15, 39: viam,
,id. 10, 428: ut limis rapias, quid prima secundo Cera velit versu,
may hastily note
,Hor. S. 2, 5, 53 al. In prose: raptae prope inter arma nuptiae,Liv. 30, 14, 2 Drak.: repente impetu facto transitum rapuit,Front. Strat. 1, 4, 8: inter rapienda momenta periculorum communium,Amm. 18, 7, 7 et saep. In late Lat., to strive for in purchasing: exemplaria litterarum certatim,Hier. Ep. 57, 2: librum totā certatim urbe,Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 23.
rapistrum rāpistrum, i, n.rapum, the wildrape; Col. 9, 4, 5.
rapo răpo, ōnis, m.rapio, a robber (anteclass.; v. raptor), Varr. ap. Non. 26, 32.
rapso rapso, āre, i. q. rapto, to snatch or hurry away: RAPSATA,Inscr. Orell. 4859.
raptim raptim, adv.raptus, from rapio, by snatching or hurrying away, i. e., Violently, greedily, rapaciously (very rare): ludunt raptim pila, Nov. ap. Non. 96, 20: semine raptim avium fame devorato,Plin. 17, 14, 22, § 99. Far more freq. and class., Hastily, suddenly, speedily, hurriedly: mittere,Lucr. 1, 662: haec scripsi raptim, ut, etc.,Cic. Att. 2, 9, 1: cui donet inpermissa raptim Gaudia,Hor. C. 3, 6, 27: aliquem sequi, Liv 26, 5: omnia raptim atque turbate aguntur,Caes. B. C. 1, 5; cf.: raptim omnia praepropere agendo,Liv. 22, 19: praecipitata raptim consilia,id. 31, 32: proelium inire raptim et avide,id. 9, 35: ignis raptim factus,id. 21, 14: agmen ducere,Curt. 5, 13, 1; Tac. A. 1, 56: illa levem fugiens raptim secat aethera pennis,
swiftly flying
,Verg. G. 1, 409: fruaris tempore raptim,Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 198 et saep. (old form raptē, Ven. Fort. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 651).
raptio raptĭo, ōnis, f.rapio, a carrying off, abduction, ravishing, rape (ante- and postclass.): in raptione affuisse, * Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 2: Proserpinae,Arn. 5, 183: Helenae, Aus. Per. Iliad. prooem. § 4.
raptito raptĭto, āre, v. freq. [id.], acc. to Gell. 9, 6 fin.
rapto rapto, āvi, ātum (inf. pass. paragog. raptarier, Enn. Trag. 192), 1, v. freq. a.id., to seize and carry off, to snatch, drag, or hurry away (mostly poet.). Lit. In gen.: vidi Hectorem curru quadrijugo raptarier, dragged along, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105 (Trag. v. 129 Vahl.): imitated by Verg.: Hector raptatus bigis, A. 2, 272; and: Hectoracirca muros,id. ib. 1, 483; cf.: viscera viri Per silvas,id. ib. 8, 644: Phaëthonta rapax vis solis equorum Aethere raptavit toto terrasque per omnes,Lucr. 5, 398; cf. of the same: arbitrio volucrum raptatur equorum,Ov. M. 2, 234; Lucr. 1, 279: raptatur comis per vim,Ov. M. 12, 223; cf.: signa, quae turbine atque unda raptabantur,Tac. A. 1, 30: pars de divulso raptabant membra juvenco, * Cat. 64, 258: quid me raptas?Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 5; cf.: dissipati liberi, raptata conjux (sc. ad tabulam Valeriam),Cic. Sest. 69, 145 (cf. id. Fam. 14, 2, 2): in fluctu carinas,Sil. 1, 409. Esp., to lead quickly, hurry, hasten: nos ad ostia Ponti Raptat iter,Val. Fl. 2, 576: Hiberos,Sil. 16, 31: in agmina turmas,id. 8, 406; 3, 404: vexilla huc vel illuc,Tac. H. 3, 22; cf.: legiones huc atque illuc, Auct. B. Afr. 73, 4. Poet., with inf.: raptantur amantes jungere Nymphas,Nemes. Ecl. 3, 56. In partic., to waste, ravage, plunder: igitur raptare inter se, immittere latronum globos, etc.,Tac. A. 12, 54: arces,Stat. Th. 6, 115: adhuc raptabat Africam Tacfarinas, i. e. devastabat, was laying waste, ravaging, Tac. A. 4, 23. Trop. In gen., to drag along: nam quid ego heroas, quid raptem in crimina divos?
to accuse
,
arraign
,Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 27: patres raptabat ad aras cura deūm,Sil. 7, 74 (cf. rapio, I. A.). In partic., to hurry along with passion, to agitate, disquiet: ita me amor lassum animi ludificat, fugat, agit, appetit, Raptat, etc.,Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 9: sacer effera raptat Corda pavor,Val. Fl. 1, 799: amor raptabat,Sil. 13, 720.
rarefacio rārē-făcĭo (written also separately rārē făcĭo), fēci, factum, 3, v. a.rarus, to make thin or rare, to rarefy (Lucret.): rarefieri,Lucr. 1, 648: rarefacta,id. 2, 1139; 3, 442: rareque facit,id. 6, 233; 870.
rarenter rārenter, adv., v. rarus fin.
raresco rāresco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [rarus], to grow thin, lose its density, to become rare, be rarefied (poet. and in post-Aug. prose). Lit.: fulgit item cum rarescunt quoque nubila caeli,Lucr. 6, 214; cf. id. 6, 513; Stat. S. 1, 2, 186: umor aquai ab aestu,Lucr. 6, 875; cf.: rarescit terra calore,
raritas rārĭtas, ātis, f.id., the state of being loose or not dense, looseness of texture, distance apart (good prose). Lit.: in pulmonibus inest raritas quaedam et assimilis spongiis mollitudo ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136: dentium,Quint. 11, 3, 55: (asini) nec pontes transeunt, per raritatem eorum translucentibus fluviis,Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169. In plur.: foraminum raritates,Vitr. 2, 5: venarum,id. 8, 3.Transf., small number, fewness, rarity: capillorum,
raritudo rārĭtūdo, ĭnis, f.id., looseness (rare form for raritas): rete a raritudine (dictum),Varr. L. L. 5, § 130 Müll.: mediocri raritudine terra,Col. Arb. 3, 7.
rarus rārus, a, um, adj.etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root rah-, to abandon, having wide interstices between its parts, of a loose texture, not thick or dense, thin (opp. densus; freq. and class.). Lit.: denseri poterunt ignes, rarique relinqui,Lucr. 1, 656; cf.: (terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras ... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.; 1, 419: textura,Lucr. 4, 196; cf. retia,Verg. A. 4, 131; Hor. Epod. 2, 33: tunica,Ov. Am. 1, 5, 13; and: cribrum,id. M. 12, 437: rariores silvae,
,Quint. 11, 3, 103: raraque non fracto vestigia pulvere pendent,i.e.
scarcely visible
,Stat. Th. 6, 640.Transf. Of things which stand apart from each other, far apart, here and there, scattered, thin, scanty ( = disjectus; opp. densus, confertus): cum raris disjectisque ex aedificiis pabulum conquireretur,Hirt. B. G. 8, 10; cf.: vides habitari in terrā raris et angustis in locis,
rasio rāsĭo, ōnis, f.id., a shaving, scraping: capitis,Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: strigilis rasio est adhibenda corporibus,id. ib. 4, 7.
rasis rāsis, is, f., a kind of raw pitch, Col. 12, 20, 6.
rasito rāsĭto, āvi, 1, v. freq. a., to shave often, to shave (post-Aug. and very rare): faciem cotidie,Suet. Oth. 12: barbam,Gell. 3, 4, 3.
rasores rāsōresfidicines dicti, quia videntur chordas ictu radere (qs. scrapers of the strings), Paul. ex Fest. p. 275, 2 Müll.; cf. Fest. p. 274, 13 ib.
rasta rasta, ae, f.Germ.; O. H. Germ. rasta or rast, rest; Goth. rasta, a mile; cf. the Slav. werst, a German measure of a mile (late Lat.), Hier. in Joel, 3, 18.
rastrarius rastrārĭus, a, um, adj.rastrum, of or belonging to the hoe, i. e. to husbandry or a country life: Hypobolimaea,
the title of a comedy of Cæcilius
,Non. 16, 19; 40, 4; 89, 16 al.
rastrum rastrum, i, n., usually in plur., ra-stri, ōrum, m. (so nom. rastri, Varr. L. L. 5, § 136 Müll.; Verg. G. 1, 164; Ov. M. 11, 36; acc. rastros, Cato, R. R. 10, 3; 11, 4; Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 36; 5, 1, 58 al.; but rastra, Cels. ap. Non. 222, 8; Ov. M. 14, 2; Juvenc. 15, 166; cf. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 94; 2, 421; Stat. Th. 3, 589) [rado], a toothed hoe, a rake, used for breaking up the soil, a mattock: rastris glebas qui frangit inertes,Verg. G. 1, 94: arva obnoxia rastris,id. ib. 2, 439; 3, 534; cf.: rastris terram domat,id. A. 9, 608: graves,Ov. M. 11, 36: vulnera Rastrorum fert tellus,id. ib. 2, 287: rastros quadridentes, Cato, l. l.: ligneis rastris sarriendus,Col. 2, 11, 4. Comically spoken of as the comb of Polyphemus, with the sickle as his razor,Ov. M. 13, 765. Prov.: si illi pergo suppeditare sumptibus, mihi illaec vero ad rastros res redit, it will bring me to the hoe, i. e. I shall be reduced to work for my living, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 58.
rasura rāsūra, ae, f.id.. Lit., a scraping, a shaving (post-Aug.): calami,Col. 4, 29, 9: barbae capitisque,Hier. in Isa. 5, 15, 2. Concr., what is scraped or shaved off; a scraping, shaving: eboris,Veg. 1, 10, 6; 6 (4), 8, 8.Trop.: gulae,
the harsh pronunciation of the gutturals by the Orientals
,Hier. in Ep. Paul. ad Tit. 2, 9.
rasus rāsus, a, um, Part., from rado.
rasus rāsus, ūs, m.rado, a scraping, shaving: ab rasu rastelli dicti,Varr. L. L. 5, § 136 Müll.
ratariae rătārĭae, ārum, f.ratis, small vessels made of logs fastened together, rafts, acc. to Gell. 10, 25 fin.; also called ratiariae in Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 43; cf. ratiarius.
ratio rătĭo, ōnis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f.reor, ratus, a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.Lit.Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum οἴχεται,Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.: rationem putare ... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58: itur, putatur ratio cum argentario ... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.: dextera digitis rationem computat,id. Mil. 2, 2, 49: magna ratio C. Verruci,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188: direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.: quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc., ... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto): decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,
,id. Trin. 2, 4, 24: grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,
how they should bring it into their accounts
,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causā quae parata sunt; rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,Cato, R. R. 2, 5: rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli ... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,Cic. Pis. 25, 61: ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,id. Att. 4, 11, 1: rationes a colono accepit,id. Caecin. 32, 94: quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,id. Att. 5, 21, 12: rationes referre ... rationes deferre,id. Fam. 5, 20, 2: Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.: A RATIONIBVS,
an accountant
,Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).Transf.A list, roll, register (rare): cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147: rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.: rationarium imperii,id. ib. 28.A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11: nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,id. Truc. 1, 1, 49: pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero): res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31: res rationesque vestrorum omnium,id. Am. prol. 4: re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172: de totà illā ratione atque re Gallicanā inter se multa communicare,id. Quint. 4, 15: cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. πράγμασι): ratio nummaria,Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2: aeraria ratio,id. Quint. 4, 15: ratio domestica ... bellica,id. Off. 1, 22, 76: quod ad popularem rationem attinet,id. Fam. 1, 2, 4: rationes familiares componere,Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.: fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.: in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,id. Rep. 1, 8, 13: rationes civitatis,id. ib. 1, 6, 11: quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum ... nihil fallacius ratione totā comitiorum,id. Mur. 17, 35: propter rationem Gallici belli,id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35: ad omnem rationem humanitatis,id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies,id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.: ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1. Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my (thy, etc.) interest, my (thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing): me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.: exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.: consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat ... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5: si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.Trop., a reckoning, account, computation: postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,
,id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.: frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54: (Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71: quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,
to make the following calculation
,
reflection
,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc., ... si, etc., ... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78; and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,id. ib. 3, 86: ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,
that you may calculate
,Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6: semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.: nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,
will call you to account
,Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66: tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.: mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.Transf.Relation, reference, respect to a thing: (agricolae) habent rationem cum terrā, quae nunquam recusat imperium,
have an account
,
have to do
,
have dealings with the earth
,Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.: ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3; for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,Col. 1, 3, 2: cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2: cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.. quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41: pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?id. Phil. 4, 6, 14: quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,id. ib. 12, 7, 17: fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,
in respect to our annals
,id. Brut. 13, 49. Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120: quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestrā sapientiā, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17: (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,id. Leg. 2, 7, 15: cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so, absentis,id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.: sauciorum et aegrorum habitā ratione,id. ib. 3, 75: moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,Hirt. B. G. 8, 34; so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71: alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3: alicujus salutis rationem habere,i. e.
to regard
,
care for
,
be concerned about
,Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20: turpissimae fugae rationem habere,id. ib. 2, 31: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139: proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,Caes. B. C. 1, 13: habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,id. B. G. 5, 27: non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128: cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,id. Clu. 42, 117: omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.: didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,id. Fam. 3, 5, 1: habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,
bring into consideration
,
consider
,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36: ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salvā lege Corneliā convenias, ego veni, etc.,id. Fam. 3, 6, 6: neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.: hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,id. ib. 2, 2, 29, § 70.Relation to a thing, i. e. Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium): nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.: ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3: tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.: ratio viaque defensionis,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4: itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,Caes. B. C. 1, 30: mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292: haec in philosophiā ratio contra omnia disserendi,id. N. D. 1, 5, 11: dicendi,id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.: aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,id. Rep. 2, 36, 61: ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,Caes. B. G. 7, 24: quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,Liv. 42, 3 fin. In plur.: hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,
plan of life
,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1: de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,id. Rep. 1, 6, 11. Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus): sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.: ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,id. ib. 2, 22; so, rei militaris,id. ib. 4, 23: ratio atque usus belli,
the art and practice of war
,id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.: novae rationes bellandi,id. ib. 3, 50: ratio equestris proelii,id. B. G. 5, 16: quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit; tigna bina, etc.,id. B. G. 4, 17: serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.: ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132: civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in quā ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.: reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,id. ib. 2, 11, 22; 1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.: haec eadem ratio est in summā totius Galliae,Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.: ab nostris eadem ratione, quā pridie, resistitur,id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101: docet, longe aliā ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,id. B. G. 7, 14: hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliquā ratione expugnasset iste,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130: quid refert, quā me ratione cogatis?id. Lael. 8, 26: quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67fin.: simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,id. ib. 3, 76: auxilium ferri nullā ratione poterat,id. ib. 1, 70: nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoriā deberent, cogitabant,id. ib. 3, 83fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep. With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 678): vereor ne oratio mea alienā ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109: multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,id. ib. 2, 1, 40, § 103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?id. Mur. 17, 35: nihil fallacius ratione totā comitiorum,id. ib. 17, 36: praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,id. ib. 2, 4: tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,id. Off. 2, 17, 60. Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est ὁρμὴ Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit; altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101: homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.: haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,id. N. D. 2, 27, 69: lex est ratio summa, insita in naturā, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,id. Leg. 1, 6, 18: ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,id. N. D. 1, 42, 118: mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28: si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and: si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25: quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.: illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and: moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audaciā; consilio et ratione deficitur,Cic. Clu. 65, 184: Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio; nec sat rationis in armis,Verg. A. 2, 314: rationis egens,id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.: iracundia dissidens a ratione,Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60: majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,id. ib. 1, 10, 15: quantum ratione provideri poterat,Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.: quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.: nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,Caes. B. C. 7, 21: minari divisoribus ratio non erat,
it was not reasonable
,
was contrary to reason
,Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so, too, minime rationis est,Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.: Vitellianus exercitús, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,
which
,
as reason dictated
,
ought to have rested at Cremona
,Tac. H. 3, 22: quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,
reasonably
,
sensibly
,
judiciously
,Cic. Att. 12, 14, 3. The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason: ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28: quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.: nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,id. de Or. 2, 19, 80: noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum): si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.: ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.: quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae? ... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196; cf.: deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,id. Caecin. 33, 96: non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc. ... deinde quod, etc. ... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,id. N. D. 1, 27, 76: et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,id. Div. 2, 50, 104: idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summā ratione fecisse,id. Att. 8, 11, D, § 5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,id. Fam. 4, 13, 3: rationes in eā disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116: rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.: quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,id. Rep. 1, 16, 25: his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: num parva causa aut prava ratio est?
reason
,
excuse
,Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27. In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition: ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causā controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18: ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.: in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,
in a reasonable
,
regular manner
,Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.: ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,id. Fin. 1, 9, 29: modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.: quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,Hor. S. 2, 3, 266: nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43: intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro ratā parte ratione distinctis,
divided proportionally by rule
,id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.: ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderatā ratione civitas concinit,
in symmetrical proportion
,id. ib. 2, 42, 69: in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,
order
,
system
,id. ib. 2, 33, 57; 5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,
,Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge: erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.: nova et a nobis inventa ratio,id. ib. 1, 8, 13; 2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.: omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ullā arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258: continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de naturā deorum,id. Div. 1, 51, 117: Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,
doctrine
,
system
,
philosophy
,id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.: Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,id. Off. 3, 4, 20: Cynicorum ratio,id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi ... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living ... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.: etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,id. ib. 3, 3, 4: improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. § 3 al. Subject., knowledge: si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplinā profecta,Cic. Arch. 1, 1.A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds: mea sic est ratio,Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.: inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc. ... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1: cujus ratio etsi non valuit,Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti). In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet; non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158: ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.: ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.
ratiocinabiliter rătĭōcĭnābĭlĭter, adv.ratiocinor, according to correct computation, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 11 fin.
ratiocinatio rătĭōcĭnātĭo, ōnis, f.id., a rhet. and archit. t. t. In rhet. An exercise of the reasoning powers, calm reasoning, ratiocination (opp. impulsio, a passionate feeling, impulse; cf. argumentatio): ratiocinatio est diligens et considerata faciendi aliquid aut non faciendi excogitatio,Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18: etiam sapientiae studiosos maxime medicos esse, si ratiocinatio hoc faceret,Cels. 1, praef. § 49.A certain form of reasoning, a syllogism: ratiocinatio est oratio ex ipsā re probabile aliquid eliciens, quod expositum et per se cognitum, suā se vi et ratione confirmet,Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 57; cf.: si ex alio colligitur aliud, nec improprium nec inusitatum nomen est ratiocinationis,Quint. 8, 4, 16; Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 152; Quint. 5, 10, 6; 3, 6, 15; 5, 14, 5 al. A rhet. figure, reasoning in an interrogative form: ratiocinatio est, per quam ipsi a nobis rationem poscimus, quare quidque dicamus, etc.,Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23. In archit., theory (opp.: fabrica, practice): ratiocinatio est, quae res fabricatas solertiā ac ratione proportionis demonstrare atque explicare potest,Vitr. 1, 1, 1; 15.
ratiocinativus rătĭōcĭnātīvus, a, um, adj.id.. In rhet., of or belonging to reasoning, syllogistic, ratiocinative: genus,Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 17: quaestio,Quint. 7, 1, 60: status,id. 7, 8, 3; cf. id. 3, 6, 46; 61; 5, 10, 6. In gram.: ratiocinativa conjunctio, serving for inference, illative, as ergo, igitur, Diom. p. 410 P.
ratiocinator rătĭōcĭnātor, ōris, m.id., a reckoner, computant, accountant, i. q. calculator. Lit., Cic. Att. 1, 12, 2; Col. 3, 3, 7; Dig. 14, 4, 5, § 16.Trop.: ut boni ratiocinatores esse possimus et addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat,Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59; Aug. Civ. Dei, 21, 5.
ratiocinium rătĭōcĭnĭum, ii, n.id., a reckoning, computation, Col. 5, 1 fin.; 5, 2, 6; 5, 11, 13; Cod. Th. 8, 1, 6: publica,ib. 9, 16, 2.The obligation to render an account: imponere, Cod. 2, 7, 6 al.
ratiocinor rătĭōcĭnor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. [ratio] (rare, but good prose). Lit., to reckon, compute, calculate: in summo apud illos (sc. Graecos) honore geometria fuit: itaque nihil mathematicis illustrius; at nos metiendi ratiocinandique utilitate hujus artis terminavimus modum,Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 5: de pecuniā ratiocinari,id. Inv. 2, 39, 115; 2, 32, 125; Vitr. 10, 15.Transf.To consider, deliberate, meditate: quo pacto cum illis occipiam, id ratiocinor,Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 18: socii profecto ratiocinati essent quid possent facere, si quidem suā sponte facerent,Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.To reason, argue, to infer or conclude from a consideration of circumstances: id ex partibus juris sumi oportebit et ratiocinari, quid in similibus rebus fieri soleat, et videre, utrum, etc.,Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 61; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 35; Quint. 7, 1, 61: etenim sic ratiocinabantur ... aperte jam ac perspicue nulla esse judicia, etc.,Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 20; cf. id. Mil. 12, 32; id. Phil. 2, 22, 55. Rarely with acc.: mores atque parsimoniam alicujus,App. M. 1, p. 113, 5.
rationabilis rătĭōnābĭlis, e, adj.ratio (post-Aug.; = rationalis, which is in better use), reasonable, rational: natura,Sen. Vit. Beat. 14, 1: virtutes quae ad rationabilem animum pertinent,App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 17, 18; cf.: virtutes rationabiles,id. ib.: responsio rationabilis,Vulg. Job, 32, 3: rationabile sine dolo lac,
rationabiliter rătĭōnābĭlĭter, adv., v. rationabilis fin.
rationalis rătĭōnālis, e, adj.ratio. Of or belonging to accounts (post-Aug.): LITTERAE, Inscr. (a. p. Chr. 193) Orell. 39. Hence, subst.rătĭōnālis, is, m., an accountant, receiver of revenue, treasurer, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45; 46; Capitol. Gord. 7; Commod. ap. Capitol. Albin. 2; Amm. 15, 3, 4; Inscr. Orell. 1090.rătĭōnāle, is, n., the oracular breastplate of the Jewish highpriest, Vulg. Exod. 25, 7; id. Lev. 8, 8; also called rationale judicii (transl. of LXX. τὸ λογεῖον τῆς κρίσεως), id. Exod. 28, 15.Of or belonging to reason, reasonable, rational, endowed with reason: falsa est (finitio), si dicas, Equus est animal rationale: nam est equus animal, sed irrationale,Quint. 7, 3, 24: homo est animal rationale,id. 5, 10, 56; cf. id. 5, 8, 7; and: nec si mutis finis voluptas, rationalibus quoque: quin immo ex contrario, quia mutis, ideo non rationalibus,id. 5, 11, 35; so without a subst.: a rationali ad rationale (translatio),id. 8, 6, 13.Reasonable, depending on reason: in causā rationali,Auct. Her. 2, 12, 18: philosophia,i. e.
logic
,Sen. Ep. 89, 17; also called rationalis pars philosophiae,Quint. 12, 2, 10: disciplina, i. e. theoretical science (opp. to usus and experimenta), Cels. praef.; also ars,id. ib.; hence, rationalis medicina, theoretical therapeutics; and rationales medici,
medical theorists
,id. ib. In rhet., i. q. ratiocinativus, of or belonging to a syllogism, syllogistic: genus (quaestionum),Quint. 3, 5, 4; 6, 54; 78; 86; cf. status,id. 3, 6, 56; 66. Hence, adv.: rătĭōnālĭter, in a reasonable manner, reasonably, rationally, Sen. Ep. 109; Tert. Anim. 16 al.
rationaliter rătĭōnālĭter, adv., v. rationalis fin.
rationarium rătĭōnārĭum, ĭi, n.ratio, a statistical table, schedule, book of accounts: imperii,Suet. Aug. 28 (for which: breviarium imperii,id. ib. 101; cf. Tac. A. 1, 11).
ratis rătis (rătes, acc. to Prob. p. 1473 fin.; yet perh. we should here read vates; acc. ratim, Hyg. Fab. 175), is, f.Sanscr. ar-i-tras that which propels, an oar; Gr. ἐρέτης, rower; ἐρέσσω, to row; Lat.: remus, remigium, triremis, etc.. A vessel made of logs fastened together, a raft: rates vocantur tigna colligata, quae per aquam aguntur; quo vocabulo interdum etiam naves significantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 272 Müll.; cf. Fest. p. 273, 22 ib.: nave primus in Graeciam ex Aegypto Danaus advenit, antea ratibus navigabatur inventis in mari Rubro inter insulas a rege Erythrā,Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 206; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5: transeunt Rhenum navibus ratibusque,Caes. B. G. 6, 35: trabibus verius quam ratibus,Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53; Caes. B. C. 1, 25: ratibus quibus junxerat flumen, nondum resolutis, etc.,i. e.
pontoons
,Liv. 21, 47: tamquam in rate in mari immenso nostra vehitur ratio,Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 73 B. and K.A float: quasi pueris qui nare discunt, scirpea induitur ratis, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 9. Prov.: servavisti omnem ratem,
ratitus rătītus, a, um, adj.ratis, marked with the figure of a raft: ratitum quadrantem dictum putant, quod in eo et triente ratis fuerit effigies, ut navis in asse, Paul. ex Fest. p. 275 Müll.; so, quadrantes, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 44 ib. (cf. Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 45).
ratiuncula rătĭuncula, ae, f.dim.ratio. A small reckoning, a little account: subduxi ratiunculam, Quantum aeris mihi sit, quantumque alieni siet,Plaut. Curc. 3, 1; id. Capt. 1, 2, 89; Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 2.A slight ground or reason: leves,Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43: huic incredibili sententiae ratiunculas suggerit,id. N. D. 3, 29, 73. In dialectics, a petty syllogism: concludunt ratiunculas Stoici,Cic. Tusc. 2, 12, 29: humanis ratiunculis falsis contravenire conantur, Aug. Civ. Dei, 20, 1, 1.
Ratumena Porta Ratumēna Porta (Ratumen-na). a gate at Rome, which, acc. to Festus, derived its name from an Etruscan youth, Paul. ex Fest. p. 275 Müll.; cf. Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 161; Sol. 45, 15 (in Plut. Public. 13, written Ῥατουμένα).
raucedo raucēdo, ĭnis, f.raucus, hoarseness: raucedo amputatio vocis. Haec et arteriasis vocatur, eo quod raucam vocem et clausam reddat ab arteriarum injuriā,Isid. Orig. 4, 7, 14.
raucesco raucesco, ĕre, v. n.id., to grow hoarse, become hoarse: quomodo raucescit vox (gallinae),Aug. in Psa. 58; Isid. 12, 7, 15.
raucidulus raucĭdŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [id.], a little hoarse: cornix,Hier. Ep. 40, 2.
raucio raucio, no perf., sum, 4, v. n.id., to be hoarse: rausuro tragicus qui carmina perdit Oreste, Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 907 P.
raucisonus raucĭ-sŏnus, a, um, adj.id., hoarsesounding (only in the foll. passages): cantus cornicum,Lucr. 5, 1084: bombi,Cat. 64, 263.
Raudii campi Raudii campi, a broad plain near Verona, where Marius defeated the Cimbri, Vell. 2, 12, 5. Called also, in sing., Rau-dius campus, Flor. 3, 3, 14; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. c. 67.
raudus raudus (also rōdus and rūdus), ĕris, n.kindr. with rudis; cf.: crudus, crudelis, a rude mass; hence, in partic., a piece of brass used as a coin (an old word): rodus vel raudus significat rem rudem et imperfectam. Nam saxum quoque raudus appellant poëtae, ut Attius in Menalippo: manibus rapere raudus saxeum grandem et gravem. Vulgus quidem in usu habuit non modo pro aere imperfecto, sed etiam pro signato ... in aestimatione censoriă aes infectum rudus appellatur, Fest. s. v. rodus, p. 265 Müll.: aes raudus dictum,Varr. L. L. 5, § 163 ib.: olim aera raudera dicebantur,Val. Max. 5, 6, 3: χαλκὸς ἀνέργαστος rudus, Gloss. Philox.: sculptor ab eris Rudere decoctam consuevit fingere massam,Prud. Apoth. 792: cum rudera milites jacerent,Liv. 26, 11, 9 Weissenb.
Rauduscula Rauduscŭla or Rauduscŭlāna porta, a gate at Rome, according to the ancient division of Servius Tullius, between the P. Naevia and Lavernalis, Varr. L. L. 5, § 163 Müll.; Fest. s. h. v. p. 274 ib.; Val. Max. 5, 6, 3.
raudusculum rauduscŭlum (rōd- and rūd-), i, n.dim.raudus. A little piece of brass used as a coin (an old word): in mancipando cum dicitur: Rudusculo libram ferito, asse tangitur libra, Fest. s. v. rodus, p. 265 Müll.; v. raudus. Hence, Transf., a small sum of money: de raudusculo Numeriano multum te amo,
in regard to that little debt of Numerius
,Cic. Att. 7, 2, 7: de raudusculo quod scribis,id. ib. 4, 8, a, § 1.
Rauraci Raurăci (Raurĭci, Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 106), ōrum, m., a people of Gaul, on the Rhine, neighbors of the Helvetians, near Basle, Caes. B. G. 1, 5; 6, 25; 7, 75. Hence, Raurăcum, i, n., the city of the Rauraci, now Augst, near Basle, Amm. 14, 10, 6: Rauriaca colonia, Plin. l. l.; also called Raurĭcum, id. 4, 12, 24, § 79: RAVRICA,Inscr. Orell. 432.Raurăcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Rauraci: colonia Rauraca = Rauracum,Plin. 4, 17, 31, § 106 (al. Rauriaca).
ravidus rāvĭdus, a, um, adj.2. ravus, grayish, dark-colored: ravidi vel nigrantes oculi,Col. 8, 2, 9.
Ravilla Rāvilla, ae, m.id., an appellation of L. Cassius Longinus (Cons. 626 A.U.C.), Front. Aquaed. 8; cf.: Ravillae a ravis oculis, quemadmodum a caesiis Caesullae,Fest. p. 274 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 275 ib.
ravio rāvĭo, īre, v. n.ravis, to talk one's self hoarse, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 33; cf. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ravim, p. 275 Müll.
ravis rāvis, acc.ravim, f.kindr. with ravus, q. v., hoarseness (ante- and post-class., and only occurring in the acc. sing.): usque ad ravim poscam,Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10: expurigabo hercle omnia ad raucam ravim, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 164, 19: (tragoedi) boando purgant ravim,App. Flor. p. 357, 36.
ravulus rāvŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [1. ravus], a little hoarse: dat ravulos choraulas,Sid. 9, 13in carm.
ravus rāvus, a, um, adj.root ru-; Sanscr. aru-, to bellow; Lat. rudens, etc.; cf. raucus, hoarse: rava vox rauca et parum liquida, proxime canum latratum sonans, Paul. ex Fest. p. 283 Müll. So in only a single (post-class.) example: ciere ravos Cantus,Sid. Ep. 8, 11in carm. fin.
ravus rāvus, a, um, adj.for hravus, ghrav-us; root in Sanscr. gar-an; Gr. γέρων, senex; cf.: γῆρας, γραῦς; O. H. Germ. grā; Engl. gray, gray-yellow, gray, tawny (rare but class.): ravi coloris appellantur, qui sunt inter flavos et caesios, Paul. ex Fest. p. 272 Müll.. (mare illud) nobismet ipsis modo caeruleum videbatur, mane ravum, Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 105 Goer. N. cr. (cited in Non. 164, 14): fulix, id. poët. Div. 1, 8, 14 (al. cana): lupa,Hor. C. 3, 27, 3. Said severai times of the eyes, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 4; 9, 3; cf.: orbes ravi coloris,Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.