dua
dua, v. duo.

dualis
dŭālis, e, adj. duo, that contains two: numerus (nasi), i. e. the dual number, duality, Lact. Opif. D. 10, 9.
In gram. lang.: numerus, the dual, Quint. 1, 5, 42 al.

dualitas
dŭālĭtas, ātis, f., the number two, Cassiod. Var. 11, 2.

dubenus
dubenus apud antiquos dicebatur qui nunc dominus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 67, 7 Müll.

dubie
dŭbĭe, adv., doubtfully, v. dubius fin.

dubietas
dŭbĭĕtas, ātis, f. dubius, doubt, uncertainty (post-class.), Amm. 20, 4; Eutr. 6, 19.

dubiosus
dŭbĭōsus, a, um, adj. id., doubtful, dubious (post-class.): fabulae, Gell. 3, 3, 3: hoc (with inexplicabile), id. 5, 10, 15.

Dubis
Dūbis, is, m., = Δοῦβις, a river in Gallia Belgica, now Doubs, Caes. B. G. 1, 38, 4.

dubitabilis
dŭbĭtābĭlis, e, adj. dubito, doubtful (very rare). Pass., to be doubted: verum, Ov. M. 1, 223: virtus, id. ib. 13, 21. Act., feeling doubt: pectus, Prud. Apoth. 649.

dubitanter
dŭbĭtanter, adv., doubtingly, v. dubito fin. A.

dubitatim
dŭbĭtātim, adv., hesitatingly, v. dubito fin. B.

dubitatio
dŭbĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. dubito. A wavering in opinion or judgment; a being uncertain, a doubting; uncertainty, doubt. Prop. In gen. (freq. and good prose). Absol.: nec tibi sollicitudinem ex dubitatione mea, nec spem ex affirmatione, afferre volui, Cic. Fam. 9, 17 fin.: cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur, neque in causa ulla dubitatio posset esse, id. Cluent. 7, 20: in ea obscuritate ac dubitatione omnium, id. ib. 27: quod quamquam dubitationem non habet, tamen rationes afferendas puto, etc., id. Fin. 5, 10; cf. id. Agr. 1, 4, 11; Quint. 4, 3, 6: dubitationem afferre, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 147; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 18: eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 1: ad tollendam dubitationem sola non sufficiunt, Quint. 5, 9, 8; cf. id. 5, 13, 51; Cic. Att. 12, 6 fin. al. So in Cicero a few times: sine ulla dubitatione, without any doubt, i. e. per litoten, most certainly (an emphatic sine dubio, v. dubius, I. B. 2. b. ε), Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 5; id. Balb. 13, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; so too, sine dubitatione, Col. 3, 6, 2 (but far more freq. in signif. II., v. infra). With gen.: omnem dubitationem adventus legionum expellere, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 fin.; cf. juris (i. e. dubitatio, penes quem esset jus), Cic. Caecin. 4, 9: generum, id. de Or. 2, 31, 134: hujus utilitatis, Quint. 1, 10, 28. With de: illa Socratica, de omnibus rebus, Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 17; Auct. B. Afr. 26. With rel. or interrog. clause: si quando dubitatio accidit, quale sit id, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18; id. Cluent. 28, 76; id. Fam. 15, 21: alterum potest habere dubitationem, adhibendumne fuerit hoc genus ... an, etc., id. Off. 3, 2, 9; id. Fam. 3, 5, 3; Quint. 11, 2, 44.
(ε) With quin: cum hic locus nihil habeat dubitationis, quin, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 5, 17; cf. id. N. D. 2, 63, 158.
(ζ) With a subject acc. and inf.: hoc a rustico factum extra dubitationem est, Quint. 7, 1, 48. Esp., as a fig. of speech, i. q. Gr. διαπόρησις, i. e. hesitation, embarrassment of the speaker, because unable to do justice to the greatness of his theme (e. g. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11; id. de Or. 3, 56, § 214), Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; cf. Ernest. Lex. Technol. Lat. p. 136. Meton. (dubito, I. B.), a doubt, question, considering: indigna dubitatio homine! Cic. Lael. 19, 67; so, ad rem publicam adeundi, id. Rep. 1, 7, 12. A wavering, hesitating in coming to a conclusion; hesitancy, irresolution, delay: aestuabat dubitatione, versabat se in utramque partem non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30; cf.: qui timor! quae dubitatio! quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum! id. de Or. 2, 50: inter dubitationem et moras senati, Sall. J. 30, 3; cf. id. ib. 62, 9: aluit dubitatione bellum, Tac. A. 3, 41 fin. et saep.: (Caesar) nulla interposita dubitatione legiones ex castris educit, without any hesitation, promptly, Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 1; in this signif. very freq. in Cicero: sine ulla dubitatione, Cic. Cluent. 28, 75; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12; id. Pis. 3; 21 fin.; id. N. D. 1, 1; id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, b. 2. et saep.; cf.: absque ulla dubitatione, Vulg. Ruth, 3, 13; less freq. merely sine dubitatione, without hesitation, unhesitatingly, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 23; id. N. D. 3, 34, 84; id. Ac. 2, 29, 94; id. Top. 15 fin.; id. Att. 11, 16, 3; so Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21; Auct. B. Alex. 63, 2; Vulg. Act. 10, 29.

dubitativus
dŭbĭtātīvus, a, um, adj. dubito, doubtful (late Lat.): sensus, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 25 fin.
Adv.: dŭbĭtātīve, doubtfully: pronuntiare, Tert. Car. Chr. 23 fin.

dubitator
dŭbĭtātor, ōris, m. id., a doubter (late Lat.); with gen., Tert. adv. Haeret. 33.

dubito
dŭbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. n. and a. [for duhibitare, freq. from duhibeo, i. e. duohabeo (cf. habitare from habeo), to have or hold, as two, v. dubius; cf. also Gr. δοιάζω from δοιοί; Germ. zweifeln from zwei], to vibrate from one side to the other, to and fro, in one's opinions or in coming to a conclusion (freq. in all periods and sorts of composition; in class. prose usually with negations or in a negative interrogation, as: non dubito, haud dubito, quis dubitat? etc. To waver in opinion or judgment, to be uncertain, to be in doubt, to doubt, question. Absol. (rare but class.): ne vinolenti quidem quae faciunt eadem approbatione faciunt qua sobrii; dubitant, haesitant, revocant se interdum, Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 72: et interrogamus et dubitamus et affirmamus, Quint. 6, 3, 70; cf. id. 10, 1, 19; 10, 3, 19: Livius frequentissime dubitat, id. 2, 4, 19; 9, 2, 20: vivo equidem, ne dubita; nam vera vides, Verg. A. 3, 316: ut jam liceat una comprehensione omnia complecti non dubitantemque (= sine ulla dubitatione) dicere, Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26; id. Fam. 5, 16, 4 Madv.; so id. Div. 1, 55, 125. With de (class.): de indicando dubitat, Cic. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 12, 17; Quint. 1, 10, 29; 4, 5, 13.
With a negation: nec vero de hoc quisquam dubitare posset, nisi, etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 73: de aliqua re, id. N. D. 1, 8: de divina ratione, id. ib. 2, 39, 99: de tua erga me voluntate, id. Fam. 13, 45 fin.; cf. id. Att. 12, 26: de ejus fide, Caes. B. G. 7, 21, 1: cf. id. ib. 7, 77, 10; 1, 40 fin.: de carminibus, Quint. 10, 5, 4: de ultima illa (parte), id. 12, 2, 10: de se, Pompei ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12 A et saep.
Pass. impers.: de armis dubitatum est, Cic. Caecin. 13, 38: de judicio Panaetii dubitari non potest, id. Off. 3, 3; so, de auctore, Quint. 7, 2, 8: de hac (virtute) nihil dubitabitur, id. 2, 20, 7. With acc. (in class. prose only with a neutr. pron.): haec non turpe est dubitare philosophos, quae ne rustici quidem dubitant? Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; Quint. 2, 17, 2; Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 2; Ov. H. 17, 37; id. M. 6, 194; id. Tr. 2, 331.
In the pass.: causa prorsus, quod dubitari posset, nihil habebat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22; cf. id. ib. 28; Liv. 5, 3: dubitati tecta parentis, Ov. M. 2, 20: sidera, Stat. S. 1, 4, 2: ne auctor dubitaretur, Tac. A. 14, 7; cf. infra, ε: dicta haud dubitanda, Verg. A. 3, 170. With an interrog. pron. (good prose, but rare): ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 29: non dubito, quid nobis agendum putes, Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2; id. Fam. 11, 17, 2; 15, 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 10: cur dubitas, quid de re publica sentias? Cic. Rep. 1, 38 fin.; cf. id. ib. 3, 17 fin.; id. de Imp. Pomp. 16 fin.
(ε) With interrog. particles (very freq. and class.): si me non improbissime tractasset, dubitassem fortasse utrum, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 15, 1: desinite dubitare, utrum sit utilius, etc. . . . an, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89; cf. impers., id. Att. 4, 15, 7; Liv. 5, 3: honestumne factu sit an turpe dubitant, Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9: dubitavi, hos homines emerem, an non emerem, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 95; cf. Sall. J. 74, 2; Hor. C. 1, 12, 35: recte necne, etc., id. Ep. 2, 1, 80: licet et dubitare num quid nos fugerit, Quint. 6, 1, 3: dubito, num, etc., Plin. Ep. 6, 27, 1; Tac. H. 2, 37; de L. Bruto fortasse dubitarim, an, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50 et saep.
Cf. respecting the expression dubito an, the art. an, II., and Zumpt, Gramm. § 354.
Poet. in pass. (cf. supra, γ): an dea sim, dubitor, Ov. M. 6, 208.
(ζ) Non dubito, quin (very freq. and class.): non hercle dubito, quin tibi ingenio nemo praestiterit, Cic. Rep. 1, 23; id. Div. 1, 57, 129; id. de Sen. 10, 31; id. Att. 6, 2, 3; id. Fam. 13, 73 fin.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 40: numquid tu dubitas quin ego nunc perpetuo perierim? Have you a doubt? etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 4; 1, 31, 15; Quint. 12, 1, 42; Suet. Tib. 17; Ov. H. 17, 11; 245; id. Tr. 5, 7, 59 et saep.; cf. pass. impers.: dubitari (non) potest, quin, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 23 fin.; id. Off. 3, 2, 9; Quint. 10, 2, 1: dubitari potest quin usque eo eicienda sit, Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 1: illud cave dubites, quin, etc., Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; quid dubitas, quin sit, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 42; so in an interrog., id. Poen. 1, 1, 55; 4, 2, 59; Quint. 7, 6, 10; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 8.
(η) With acc. and inf. (freq. only since the Aug. period, and in gen. only negatively; not found in Plaut., Ter., or Cic.; but usual in Nepos): neque humorem dubitavi aurasque perire, Lucr. 5, 249: gratos tibi esse qui de me rumores afferuntur, non dubito, Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2 (cf., on the contrary, § 7: noli dubitare, quin te sublevaturus sim): ignorabant aut dubitabant animas hominum immortales esse, Lact. 6, 3, 5: non dubito, fore plerosque qui, etc., Nep. praef. § 1; id. Milt. 3, 6; id. Lys. 3, 5; id. Alcib. 9, 5; id. Ages. 3, 1; id. Eum. 2, 3; id. Hann. 11, 2; Liv. 2, 64; 22, 55 Drak. et saep.; Quint. 3, 7, 5; 5, 10, 76; 9, 4, 114; Suet. Claud. 35 et saep.; cf. in an interrog.: an est quisquam qui dubitet, tribunos offensos esse? Liv. 5, 3; so, quis dubitat, Quint. 9, 4, 68; 130; 10, 1, 81.
Pass. impers.: an dubitabitur, ibi partes oratoris esse praecipuas? id. prooem. § 12.
Affirm.: piraticam ut musicam, fabricam dici adhuc dubitabant mei praeceptores, Quint. 8, 3, 34. Transf., of inan. and abstr. subjects, to be uncertain, doubtful: si tardior manus dubitet, Quint. 5, 10, 124: suspensa ac velut dubitans oratio, id. 10, 7, 22: aut vincere aut, si fortuna dubitabit (= adversabit), etc., Liv. 21, 44 fin.: nec mox fama dubitavit, cum, etc., Flor. 1, 1, 2. Meton., to reflect upon, to ponder, consider, deliberate: in utramque partem cogitare, deliberare, etc. (very rare): haec dum dubitas, menses abierunt decem, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 57: restat, judices, ut hoc dubitemus, uter, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 31, 88: percipe porro, quid dubitem, Verg. A. 9, 191: dubitaverat Augustus Germanicum rei Romanae imponere, had considered whether he should, Tac. A. 4, 57. To waver in coming to a conclusion, to be irresolute; to hesitate, delay. With inf. (so most commonly): non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus obvium ferre, Cic. Rep. 1, 4; so with a negation, id. ib. 1, 15; id. Lael. 1; id. de Or. 1, 40 et saep.; Caes. B. G. 2, 23, 2: flumen transire, 6, 8, 1; id. B. C. 1, 71, 2; 2, 33, 2 and fin.; Verg. A. 7, 311; 8, 614 et saep.: quid dubitamus pultare atque huc evocare ambos foras? Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 29; so in an interrog., id. Mil. 4, 2, 17; id. Ps. 2, 2, 30; id. Poen. 3, 5, 44; Caes. B. C. 2, 34, 4; Quint. 12, 5, 3; 12, 10, 63; Verg. A. 6, 807 al.
Very seldom affirmatively: quod ea illi nubere dubitabat, Sall. C. 15, 2: accusat fratrem, quod dubitet omnia quae ad beatam vitam pertineant ventre metiri, Cic. N. D. 1, 40, 113: dubitat agnoscere matrem, Stat. Achill. 1, 250: si forte dubitaret quod afferretur accipere, Curt. 4, 5: isdem mandatum ut occiderent, si venire dubitaret, id. 10, 8.
Ellipt.: quod dubitas, ne feceris, Plin. Ep. 1, 18, 5. Non dubito quin (rare in Cic. and Caes.): nemo dubitabat, quin, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13; id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Agr. 2, 26, 69: tum dubitandum non existimavit, quin proficisceretur, Caes. B. G. 2, 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 71, 1; cf.: nolite dubitare, quin huic uni credatis omnia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 23, 68; and in an interrog.: dubitabitis, judices, quin? etc., id. Fl. 17, 40; id. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 49. Absol. (rare): te neque umquam dubitasse, neque timuisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 3: sed mora damnosa est, nec res dubitare remittit, Ov. M. 11, 377: quid igitur ego dubito? Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 283; so in an interrog., id. Men. 5, 7, 6; Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 3; Verg. A. 9, 12: magnitudine supplicii dubitantes cogit, Caes. B. G. 7, 4, 9; id. ib. 7, 63, 3; Sall. C. 28, 1 al.: dubitantia lumina, failing, Sil. 10, 154.
Hence, dŭbĭtanter, adv. * Doubtingly: sine ulla affirmatione, dubitanter unum quodque dicemus, Cic. Inv. 2, 3, 10. Hesitatingly, with hesitancy (very rare): illum verecunde et dubitanter recepisse, Cic. Brut. 22, 87; cf. Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2. dŭbĭ-tātim, adv. (i. q. dubitanter, 2.), hesitatingly, with hesitation (only in the foll. passages), Sisenn. ap. Non. 98, 33; so Cael. Ann. ib.

dubius
dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027. Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex). Lit. (very rare): ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus, Lucr. 6, 556; cf.: fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare, Liv. 37, 16, 4.
Far more freq. and class., Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain. Act. Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.: sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17: quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit? Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.
With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo, Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.: equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent, Liv. 4, 40: dubius sum, quid faciam, Hor. S. 1, 9, 40: dubius, unde rumperet silentium, id. Epod. 5, 85: spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati, Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42: Philippus non dubius, quin, etc., id. 31, 42: haud dubius quin, id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.
With acc. and inf.: dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros, Liv. 6, 14; so, haud dubius, id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7: nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit, well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so, dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis, Ov. F. 6, 572: consilii, Just. 2, 13: sententiae, Liv. 33, 25 Drak.: salutis, Ov. M. 15, 438: vitae, id. Tr. 3, 3, 25: fati, Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 (a.). Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare): dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt, Sall. J. 107, 6; cf. hostes (opp. firmi), id. ib. 51 fin.: nutantes ac dubiae civitates, Suet. Caes. 4 fin.: quid faciat dubius, Ov. M. 8, 441.
Poet. transf.: cuspis, Sil. 4, 188. Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition): videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis? Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6: nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis, Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48): jus, opp. certum, id. 12, 3, 6; opp. confessum, id. 7, 7, 7: in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus, Cic. Rep. 1, 31: dubium vel anceps genus causarum, Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58: et incerta societas, Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.: quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies), Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69: spes pacis, id. Att. 8, 13: victoria, Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.: victoria, praeda, laus, Sall. J. 85, 48: Marte, Vell. 2, 55, 3: spes armorum, id. 2, 71: discrimen pugnae, indecisive, Sil. 5, 519: proelia, Tac. G. 6: auctor, unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.: an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem? i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32: dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes), id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5: Hispaniae, Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.: gens dubiae ad id voluntatis, Liv. 9, 15: lux, i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596: sidera, Juv. 5, 22; cf. nox, evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401: caelum, i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252: fulgor solis, Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.: et quasi languidus dies, Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6: dubiāque tegens lanugine malas, i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.: dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina, not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319: consilia, wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.: hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur), Liv. 4, 8; so, haud dubius praetor, id. 39, 39 fin.: haud dubii hostes, open enemies, id. 37, 49: haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere), id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II. In the neutr. absol. (Non, haud) dubium est, it is (not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (αα) Absol.: si quid erit dubium, Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40: haud dubium id quidem est, id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf. in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est? Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.: an dubium id tibi est? Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.
(ββ) With de: de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit, Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so, de eorum jure, id. de Or. 1, 57: de re, Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.
(γγ) With an interrog. clause: illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio, Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12: hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior, Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126: hoc enim dubium est, utrum ... an, Quint. 6, 3, 83: Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit ... an tempore exclusus, dubium est, Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1: an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne? Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.
Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.: codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti, Quint. 7, 2, 52: quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3: Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis, Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17: neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte, Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.
(δδ) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.: haud dubium est, quin, Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19; and interrog., Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5.
(εε) With acc. and inf.: periisso me una haud dubium est, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf. interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.
Ellipt.: si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5. Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt: an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi? Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112: an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc., Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.: haec habere dubia, neque, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. In dubium: in dubium vocare, to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.: venire in dubium, Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.: alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate, i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b. In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined: dum in dubio est animus, Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247: in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc., Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9: aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio, Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.: ut in dubio poneret, utrum ... an, etc., Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.
(ε) Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless ... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret ... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64; with sed tamen, id. 12, 6, 7; with tamen, id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12; with verum, id. 8 prooem. § 33; with at, id. 8, 3, 67; with autem, id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.
(ζ) Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and: dubio procul, Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261. Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.): res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili, critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so, res, id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf. pericla (with advorsae res), Lucr. 3, 55; 1076: tempora (opp. secunda), Hor. C. 4, 9, 36: mons erat ascensu dubius, Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.: quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur, Sall. J. 94, 2. In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum): mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est, is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2: sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum, Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76: tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.
Plur. as subst.: hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt, Verg. A. 7, 86: mens dubiis percussa pavet, Luc. 6, 596. For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so, dubia cena, Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and: fercula dubiae cenae, Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.
Hence, adv., in two forms. dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.): potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum, Cic. Div. 1, 55.
Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly: etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc., Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.): non dubie, Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. ε), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so, too, nec dubie, Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2; and with verum, id. 3, 4, 1; with sed, Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so, haud dubie, Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43. dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

ducalis
dŭcālis, e, adj. dux, of or belonging to a leader or commander (post-class.): tunicae, Valer. Imp. ap. Vop. Aurel. 13.
Adv.: dŭcālĭter, like a leader or general: antecedere, Sid. Ep. 5, 13.
Comp., Sid. Ep. 8, 6.

ducator
dŭcātor, ōris, m. id., a general, prince, chief (post-class.): civitatis, Tert. adv. Jud. 13.

ducatrix
dŭcātrix, īcis, f. ducator, a female leader: vitiorum iracundia, App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 14.

ducatus
dŭcātus, ūs, m. dux, military leadership, command = ἡγεμονία (post-Aug.), Suet. Tib. 19; Flor. 3, 21, 2; Just. 2, 15, 14; Vulg. Sirach, 7, 4: calculis omnibus ducatum latrones ei deferunt, App. M. 7, p. 191 med. In gen., guidance (eccl. Lat.): caecus autem si caeco ducatum praestet, Vulg. Matt. 15, 14. Transf., authority: quaerere a domino ducatum, Vulg. Sir. 7, 4 al.

ducena
dŭcēna, ae, f. duceni, the office of a ducenarius, Cod. Th. 12, 1, 5.

ducenarius
dŭcēnārĭus, a, um, adj. id., containing two hundred, of or relating to two hundred (post-Aug.): pondera, Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83: procuratores, i. e. who received a salary of 200 sestertia, Suet. Claud. 24 (cf. Dio Cass. 53, 15): praefectus, Inscr. Orell. 3444; cf. ib. 946; 2648.
Plur. as subst.: ducenarii, Cod. Just. 10, 19, 1: judices, petty judges (chosen from persons possessed of 200 sestertia), Suet. Aug. 32.
Subst.: dŭ-cēnārius, ii, m., in milit. lang., the commander of 200 men, Veg. Mil. 2, 8.
dŭcē-nārĭa, ae, f., the office of a ducenarius, i. q. ducena, Cod. Th. 1, 9, 1; App. M. 7, p. 190, 13.

duceni
dŭcēni, ae, a (gen. ducenūm, Sen. N. Q. 3, 7, 3; Liv. 7, 25; Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 4), num. distr., two hundred each, two hundred, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 40; Hirt. B. G. 8, 4; Liv. 9, 19; 40, 18; Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 28 et saep.

ducentesima
dŭcentēsĭma, ae, f. (sc. pars) [ducenti], the two hundredth part, as a tax; one half per cent., Tac. A. 2, 42; Suet. Calig. 16.

ducenti
dŭcenti, ae, a (sing. ducentum, Lucil. ap. Non. 493 fin.; Col. 5, 3, 7; gen. ducentūm, Liv. 32, 37 al.; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 15: ducentarum, Nep. Them. 2, 5: -torum, Front. Aq. 7), num. [duo-centum], two hundred. Lit., Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 58; 4, 8, 27 et saep. Transf., for a large number (indefinite), Plaut. As. 2, 2, 10; Cat. 37, 7 sq.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; 1, 10, 60; 1, 4, 9; 1, 6, 42 al.

ducenties
dŭcentĭes or -ĭens, adv. num. ducenti, two hundred times. Lit., Cic. Phil. 2, 16, 40; Cels. 2, 14 fin. Transf., for many times indefinitely, Cat. 29, 15.

ducentum
dŭcentum, v. ducenti.

ducianus
dŭcĭānus, a, um, adj. dux, of or belonging to a leader or commander (late Lat.): officium, Cod. Th. 15, 11, 2: apparitores, ib. 11, 25, 1: judicium, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 38.
Subst.: ducianus, i, m., a commander's servant, Cod. Th. 7, 16, 3; Cod. Just. 1, 27, 2, § 8.

duco
dūco, xi, ctum, 3 (imp. duc; but duce, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 18; id. Most. 1, 4, 11; id. Poen. 5, 4, 59; id. Rud. 2, 3, 55; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103; id. Truc. 2, 5, 26.
Perf. sync.: duxti, Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Cat. 91, 9; Prop. 1, 3, 27), v. a. cf. Goth. tiuh-an; O. H. Germ. zieh-an, to draw; Germ. -zog, in Herzog, commander, duke, to lead, conduct, draw, bring forward, in all senses; very freq. passing over into the signif. of the compounds abducere, deducere, adducere, producere, etc., and of the synonyms agere, trahere, movere, etc. (very freq.). Lit. In gen.: quo sequar? quo ducis nunc me? Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 2: duc hos intro, id. Am. 2, 2, 224; id. Aul. 2, 6, 13: duc ac demonstra mihi, id. Cist. 2, 3, 36: suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi, Cic. Cat. 2, 10 fin.; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 5 fin. et saep.: (difficile iter) vix qua singuli carri ducerentur, id. ib. 1, 6, 1; cf. plaustra, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 34: aquam ducere, Cato ap. Charis. p. 192 P.; so, aquam per fundum ejus, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 4: spiritum naribus, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 5: so, spiritum per siccas fauces, Sen. Ben. 3, 8; cf.: aërem spiritu, Cic. N. D. 2, 6 fin.: animam spiritu, id. ib. 2, 54, 136; and in gen.: spiritum, for to live, id. Fam. 10, 1; cf.: vitam et spiritum, id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33: tura naribus, to inhale, Hor. C. 4, 1, 22: sucos nectaris, to drink in full draughts, to quaff, id. ib. 3, 3, 34; cf. pocula, id. ib. 1, 17, 22; and: Liberum, id. ib. 4, 12, 14.
Poet.: jucunda oblivia vitae (referring to the waters of Lethe), Hor. S. 2, 6, 62 (cf. Verg. A. 6, 714 sq.) et saep.: mucronem, to draw from the scabbard, Verg. A. 12, 378; cf.: ferrum vaginā, Ov. F. 4, 929: ensem vagina, Sil. 8, 342; but: ensem duxerat faber, had beaten out, forged, Tib. 1, 3, 48: sortem, Cic. Div. 2, 33; Verg. A. 6, 22; hence, also transf. of that which is drawn by lot, Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34; id. Rep. 1, 34; Suet. Caes. 12; Tac. A. 1, 54; 3, 28 al.: pondus aratri, to draw, Ov. M. 7, 119: remos, to row, id. ib. 1, 294; cf. id. ib. 4, 353: numerosa brachia, in dancing, id. Am. 2, 4, 29: lanas, to spin, id. ib. 4, 34; cf. stamina, id. ib. 4, 221: ubera, to milk, id. ib. 9, 358: frena manu, to guide, govern, id. ib. 15, 518: vela, to haul (= navigare), Prop. 1, 6, 2: manus, of swimming, id. 3, 20, 2: ilia, to draw the flanks together, become broken-winded, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9: os, to draw awry, to make wry faces, Cic. Or. 25 fin.; Quint. 9, 3, 101; cf. vultum, Ov. M. 2, 774; id. P. 4, 8, 13; Mart. 1, 41 et saep.: non equus impiger Curru ducet Achaico Victorem, to draw along, Hor. C. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 1, 93.
Absol.: sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere, to take to one's self, appropriate, Sall. J. 41, 5. Esp. To lead, conduct, as a way or road: via ducit (te), in urbem? Verg. E. 9, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 7, 5; Verg. A. 1, 401; Ov. F. 2, 679: Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat an Appi, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 20: via ad undas, Ov. M. 3, 602: via ad infernas sedes, id. ib. 4, 433; cf.: iter ad urbem, id. ib. 437; Curt. 3, 28, 19; Sen. Prov. 6, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 1; Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 111; Quint. 5, 9, 14; Liv. 5, 40, 8 al. Se, in colloq. lang., to betake one's self, go: jam me ad regem recta ducam, Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 8, 8; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 11; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 7: Balbus duxit se a Gadibus, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 1. A legal t. t., to take, lead away, drag, carry off a person before court, to prison, to punishment, etc.: POST. DEINDE. MANVS. INIECTIO. ESTO. IN. IVS. DVCITO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; so, in jus, Liv. 2, 27: illos duci in carcerem jubent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30: aliquem in carcerem, Suet. Caes. 20: in vincula, id. ib. 79: ad mortem, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Phoc. 4, 3; and absol.: ducite, ubi capiat, etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 65; Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 14; Suet. Calig. 27; Plin. Ep. 10, 97, 3 al.: NI. IVDICATVM. FACIT. AVT. QVIS. ENDO. EM. IVRE. VINDICIT. SECVM. DVCITO. VINCITO, etc., XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45: decreta ejus modi: SI PETIT DUCAS. C. Fuficium duci jussit petitorem, to be imprisoned, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31; so of a debtor (addictus) who is led off as a slave, Novat. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255; Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Fl. 20 fin.; Liv. 6, 14 sq.; cf. id. 2, 23 med.; cf. prov.: stultitiast venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83. Uxorem, to lead a wife home, i. e. to marry: bona uxor si ea deducta est, etc. ... Verum egon eam ducam domum, Quae, etc.? Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 91: uxorem domum, id. Aul. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 68: filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium, Caes. B. G. 1, 9, 3; cf. Liv. 4, 4: eum uxorem ducturum esse aliam, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 105: uxorem (or aliquam, filiam alicujus, etc.), id. Aul. 2, 1, 48; id. Cas. prol. 69 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 128; 2, 1, 21 et saep.; Cic. Sest. 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4; id. B. C. 3, 110, 2; Verg. E. 8, 29; Vulg. Marc. 10, 11 et saep.
Absol.: si tu negaris ducere, Ter. And. 2, 3, 5; 2, 3, 9; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 76; Liv. 4, 4 al.: jugum ducere cum infidelibus, i. e. to be yoked in marriage, Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 14.
Rarely for nubere: si ignorans statum Erotis ut liberum duxisti, isque postea servus est judicatus, etc., Imp. Antonin. ap. Cod. Just. 5, 18, 3.
In the comic poets, of taking home prostitutes, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 35; 4, 2, 44; id. Men. 1, 2, 15; id. Stich. 5, 4, 48; id. Truc. 3, 2, 10 et saep. In milit. lang. Said of a commander, to lead, to cause to move, to march his army in any direction: locis apertis exercitum ducere, Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 64 fin.; 1, 68, 1: exercitum ab Allobrogibus in Segusianos, id. B. G. 1, 10 fin.: exercitum in fines Suessionum, id. ib. 2, 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 38, 3; 5, 18, 1: exercitum (legiones, etc.) in Bellovacos, id. ib. 2, 13, 1; 5, 24, 2 et saep.; cf. Tac. A. 2, 57: cohortes ad eam partem munitionum, quae, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 62, 2: exercitum Uticam, id. ib. 2, 26, 1: reliquas copias contra Labienum, id. B. G. 7, 61 fin. et saep.
In pass., of the soldiers, to march, move: quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur, Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 2.
And in act., absol., of the general himself, to march, move (a favorite expression of Liv.; not in Caes. or Sall.): (Mettus) ducit, quam proxime ad hostem potest, Liv. 1, 23; 1, 27; 9, 35; 22, 18 et saep.
Hence, In gen., to lead, command an army or (more freq.) a division: qua in legatione duxit exercitum, Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so, exercitum, Nep. Eum. 13, 1; id. Epam. 7, 3: qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat, Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 6; 6, 38, 1; id. B. C. 3, 91, 1: ordinem, id. ib. 1, 13, 4; 3, 104, 3; Suet. Vesp. 1: partem exercitūs, Sall. J. 55, 4 et saep.
Rarely, to lead a division in front, in advance: consuetudine sua Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat: post eas ... inde, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 2; hence also, to march in front, take the lead, said of the division that forms the van: pars equitum et auxiliariae cohortes ducebant, mox prima legio, etc., Tac. A. 1, 51; cf. id. ib. 1, 64 fin. Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, to lead, to be leader, head, chief, first in any thing: accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit, Cic. Fam. 7, 5 fin. Manut.; so, familiam, id. Phil. 5, 11, 30; id. Fin. 4, 16, 45: ordines, id. Phil. 1, 8, 20: classem (discipulorum), Quint. 1, 2, 24 Spald.: funus, Hor. Epod. 8, 12: toros, Ov. F. 6, 668 et saep. To conduct as prisoners in a triumph: per triumphum, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 67: in triumpho, Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 139, v. triumphus. With the accessory idea of creation, formation, to produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, dispose (cf.: struo, pono, condo, fundo): parietem per vestibulum alicujus, to erect, Cic. Mil. 27 fin.; cf. muros, Hor. C. 4, 6, 23: vallum ex castris ad aquam, Caes. B. C. 1, 73, 2: fossam, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; 7, 73, 2: arcum, Ov. M. 3, 160: lateres de terra, Vitr. 2, 3: vivos vultus de marmore (with excudere spirantia aera), Verg. A. 6, 849; cf. id. ib. 7, 634; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240; Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125; Quint. 10, 3, 18 Spald.; Juv. 7, 237; hence, poet. also: epos, Hor. S. 1, 10, 44: carmen, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 18; 3, 14, 32: versus, id. ib. 5, 12, 63 et saep.: liniam ex colore, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 81; Quint. 2, 6, 2; cf. orbem, id. 11, 3, 118: alvum, to bring forth by clysters, Cels. 2, 12; 4, 4 et saep.: alapam alicui, qs. to fetch one a box on the ear, Phaedr. 5, 3, 2; cf. colaphum, Quint. 6, 3, 83 Spald.: pugnum, Dig. 47, 10, 4 et saep.; so esp. of processions, dances, etc.: funus, Cic. Quint. 15 fin.; Ov. M. 14, 746; Verg. G. 4, 256; cf. exsequias, Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 154: pompam, Ov. H. 12, 152; id. F. 6, 405; id. M. 13, 699: choros, Tib. 2, 1, 56; Hor. C. 1, 4, 5; 4, 7, 6 et saep.; cf. choreas, Ov. M. 8, 582; 14, 520. To receive, admit, take any thing (not ante-Aug.): cicatricem, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 66; Liv. 29, 32, 12: rimam, Ov. M. 4, 65: situm, to grow rusty, Quint. 1, 2, 18: formam, Ov. M. 1, 402: colorem, id. ib. 3, 485; cf. pallorem, to grow pale, id. ib. 8, 760: nomina, Hor. C. 3, 27, 76: notam, id. ib. 4, 2, 59 et saep. Trop. In gen., to lead, guide, draw, conduct: progredimur quo ducit quemque voluntas, Lucr. 2, 258; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 27; 1, 6, 57: ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam, id. ib. 1, 2, 31: Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus, id. C. 4, 8, 34; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 26: per quaedam parva sane ducant (futurum oratorem), id. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 1, 1, 27; 1, 5, 58.
Prov.: ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt, Sen. Ep. 107. In partic. To draw, deduce, derive its origin or beginning from, any thing: ab aliqua re totius vitae ducere exordium, Cic. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.: exordium a nostra persona, Quint. 3, 8, 8; 4, 1, 7: principium disputationis a principe investigandae veritatis, Cic. N. D. 2, 21 fin.: belli initium a fame, id. Att. 9, 9, 2; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 21: initia causasque omnium ex quatuor temporum mutationibus, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: originem ab Isocrate, Quint. 2, 15, 4; 1, 6, 38; Hor. C. 3, 17, 5 al.: ingressionem non ex oratoriis disputationibus, sed, etc., Cic. Or. 3, 11: honestum ab iis rebus, id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Or. 39, 135: nomen ex quo, id. Ac. 11, 41; cf.: nomen a Graeco, Quint. 1, 6, 3; 3, 7, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 66 et saep.; cf. also: utrumque (sc. amor et amicitia) ductum (al. dictum) est ab amando, Cic. Lael. 27; id. Fin. 2, 24, 78. To lead a person, as regards his will or opinions, in any direction; to move, incite, induce, allure, in a good or bad sense (most freq. in the pass.): ita me ad credendum tua ducit oratio, Cic. Tusc. 2, 18: nos ducit scholarum consuetudo, Quint. 4, 2, 28; 5, 11, 19; cf. id. 9, 1, 21: ducit te species, Hor. S. 2, 2, 35 et saep.: declamatores quosdam perversa ducit ambitio, ut, etc., Quint. 10, 7, 21.
In the pass.: si quis statuarum honore aut gloria ducitur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58 fin.: eloquentiae laude, id. Or. 32, 115: quaestu et lucro, id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9: hoc errore ut, etc., id. Off. 1, 41; cf.: litteris eorum et urbanitate, ut, etc., id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120: omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem, id. Off. 1, 6 et saep. In a bad sense, to cheat, deceive, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 26; id. Capt. 4, 2, 7; Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Ph. 3, 2, 15; Prop. 2, 17, 1 (3, 8, 1 M.); Ov. H. 19, 13; id. M. 3, 587 (with decipere). With regard to time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong: bellum, Caes. B. G. 1, 38, 4; id. B. C. 2, 18, 6; 2, 37, 5 sq.; Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 22, 25 et saep.; cf.: bellum longius, Caes. B. C. 1, 64, 2; 3, 42, 3: bellum in hiemem, id. ib. 1, 61, 3: eam rem longius, id. B. G. 7, 11, 4; cf.: rem prope in noctem, id. B. C. 3, 51, 7: rem leniter, Liv. 3, 41 et saep. Also transf., of time itself: tempus, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; Nep. Them. 7: diem ex die, Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 4; and of persons who are put off, delayed: ubi se diutius duci intellexit, id. ib. 1, 16, 5.
Less freq. (mostly poet.), In gen., of time, to pass, spend, enjoy: aetatem in litteris, Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; so, aetatem, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 202: vitam, id. Epod. 17, 63; Sen. Ep. 45, 10; cf. Verg. A. 2, 641 (where, shortly before, vitam producere): noctes, Prop. 1, 11, 5; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13: somnos, Verg. A. 4, 560. In mercant. lang., to calculate, compute, reckon: age nunc summam sumptus duc, Lucil. ap. Non. 283, 30: minimum ut sequamur, quoniam XC. medimnūm milia duximus, accedant eo, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 49; id. Att. 6, 1, 5 and 16; 6, 2, 7; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11; Gell. 1, 20, 5. Transf. beyond the mercant. sphere. Rationem alicujus, to consider, calculate, care for one's advantage or interest (a favorite expression of Cicero): duxi meam rationem, quam tibi facile me probaturum arbitrabar, Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, § 7; so, suam quoque rationem, to have respect to one's own advantage, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48; and: non minorem aratorum quam populi rationem, Suet. Aug. 42 fin.: salutis meae rationem, Cic. Fam. 7, 3: rationem officii, non commodi, id. Sest. 10, 23; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128: unius cujusque temporis ducta ratio est, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 16: rationem officii atque existimationis, id. Quint. 16, 53. In gen., to reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem as any thing (cf. aestimo and existimo; very freq. in prose and poetry): parvi id ducebat, Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: pro nihilo aliquid, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 85; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 16 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 90; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28: ea pro falsis ducit, Sall. C. 3, 2; cf.: innocentiam pro malevolentia, id. ib. 12, 1: vos eritis judices, Laudin' an vitio duci id factum oportuit, Ter. Ad. prol. 5; so, aliquid honori, Sall. J. 11, 3: aliquid laudi, Nep. praef. § 4: aliquem despicatui, Cic. Fl. 27, 65: nihil praeter virtutem in bonis ducere (for which, shortly after, in bonis habere = numerare), Cic. Fin. 3, 3; aliquem in numero hostium, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1; cf. ib. 6, 23, 8; without in, ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.: aliquem loco affinium, Sall. J. 14, 1 Kritz. N. cr.: aliquid testimonii loco, Quint. 5, 9, 10: tutelae nostrae duximus, cum Africo bello urgerentur, Liv. 21, 41; cf.: officii duxit exorare filiae patrem, etc., Suet. Tib. 11: faceret, quod e republica fideque sua duceret, id. ib. 25, 7 et saep.: malum cum amici tuum ducis malum, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 48; cf.: Archytas iracundiam seditionem quandam animi vere ducebat, Cic. Rep. 1, 38: eorum, quos idoneos ducebat, consilium habet, Sall. J. 62, 4: nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi ducunt, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.
With acc. and inf.: sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum, Verg. A. 6, 690: ut omnia tua in te posita esse ducas humanosque casus virtute inferiores putes, Cic. Lael. 2, 7, 19 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17; 1, 38; 3, 9 (three times); Sall. J. 93, 5; Liv. 22, 14, 6; 22, 59, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 2; 4, 30, 2; 6, 18 et saep.
Here too probably belongs the much disputed passage: ludos et inania honoris medio rationis atque abundantiae duxit (= ludos publicos cum aliis rebus quae ad inania honoris pertinent, duxit, i. e. existimavit habendos et ponendos in medio rationis atque abundantiae, ut inter rationem, quae plane spernit inania, et abundantiam, quae eadem ostentat, media via incederet), he thought right to manage them in a middle course between reason and profusion, Tac. Agr. 6 fin., v. Dübner and Orell. ad h. l.

ductabilitas
ductābĭlĭtas, ātis, f. ducto, aptness to be duped, Att. ap. Non. 150, 13.

ductarius
ductārĭus, a, um, adj. id., of or for drawing: funis, perh. only Vitr. 10, 2; 3 and 5.

ductilis
ductĭlis, e, adj. duco, that may be led, guided, or conducted (post-Aug. and rare): scena, movable, Serv. Verg. G. 3, 24: flumen aquae riguae, i. e. a canal, Mart. 12, 31, 2: aes, i. e. that may be hammered out thin, Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 94 sq.; cf. aurum, Vulg. Num. 8, 4.

ductim
ductim, adv. id., by drawing (very rare): major pars operis in vinea ductim, potius quam caesim faciendaest (for which, shortly after: ductu falcis, non ictu), Col. 4, 25, 2: invergere in me liquores, in good draughts, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 13 (cf.: pocula duces Lesbii, Hor. C. 1, 17, 21).

ductio
ductĭo, ōnis, f. id., a leading, a leading off or away (very rare; perh. not anteAug.): aquarum, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 19: alvi, Cels. 2, 12; 4, 24 fin.: ut ducere quis posset eos in quos habet jus ductionis, Dig. 43, 30, 3, § 1.

ductito
ductĭto, āvi, v. freq. a. id., to lead, to lead with one (a Plautin. word). Prop. In gen., Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 26. In partic., to lead home a wife, to marry, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 60. Trop., to deceive: ego follitim ductitabo, Plaut. Epid. 3, 2, 15.

ducto
ducto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. id., to lead or draw, conduct (very freq. in Plaut.; elsewh. perh. only in Ter., Sall., and once in Tac.; not in Cic., Caes., or the Aug. authors). Lit. In gen.: aliquem, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 158: restim ductans, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 34 Ruhnk.: exercitum per saltuosa loca, Sall. J. 38, 1; so, exercitum, id. C. 11, 5; 17, 7; id. J. 70, 2; * Tac. H. 2, 100; cf.: equites in exercitu, Sall. C. 19, 3; Amm. 14, 10, 11 (acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 44, this phraseology was regarded by many as indelicate, prob. on account of the foll. signif. of the word ducto). In partic.: aliquam, to take home, take to one's self a concubine, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 12 sq.; id. Men. 4, 3, 20; id. Poen. 4, 2, 46; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 15. Trop. To deceive, delude, cheat: nil moror ductarier, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 159: qui me ductavit dolis, id. Capt. 3, 4, 109. To charm, allure: set me Apollo ipsus delectat ductat Delficus, Enn. ap. Non. 97, 32 (Trag. v. 390 Vahl.): meretrices eum labiis ductant, id. Mil. 2, 1, 15.
(But in Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 85, the correct reading is duco, not ducto, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).

ductor
ductor, ōris, m. id., a leader, commander, chief, general (class.; a favorite word of Vergil, used by him more than 20 times; cf.: dux, imperator, princeps, praetor, praefectus, etc.): exercitus, * Cic. Tusc. 1, 37; Liv. 1, 28: itineris, a guide, id. 7, 41; 10, 21 fin.; Verg. A. 2, 14; 8, 6; 129 et saep.; cf. apum (in their battles), id. G. 4, 88; of the leaders in warlike games, id. A. 5, 133; 249; Suet. Tib. 6: classis, a pilot, Verg. A. 6, 334; Ov. M. 12, 574: aquarum Tibris, the king of rivers, Stat. S. 3, 5, 112. One who extends, draws out: ferreus, poet. for iron - worker, Auct. Priap. 32, 13; cf. Vulg. Num. 10, 31.

ductrix
ductrix, īcis, f. ductor, a female chief, a general: Penthesilea, Dar. Phryg. 36.

ductus
ductus, a, um, Part., from duco.

ductus
ductus, ūs, m. duco, a leading, conducting (class.). Lit. In gen.: aquarum, Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2; cf. the work of Frontinus: De aquaeductibus; in this sense also simply ductus, id. ib. 5 sq.: aequali ductu porticus, a line, row, Lucr. 4, 426: muri, Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11: litterarum, form, shape, Quint. 1, 1, 25; 10, 2, 2; Plin. 8, 3, 3, § 6: oris (with vultus), lineaments, Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 47: liniarum, Plin. 37, 12, 74, § 195. In partic., military lead, conduct, generalship, command, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 21; id. Fam. 3, 11, 4; Caes. B. G. 7, 62, 2; id. B. C. 1, 7, 6; Vell. 2, 78; 115; Tac. Agr. 5; Suet. Vesp. 4 al.; freq. connected with auspicium, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41; Liv. 5, 46; 8, 31; 28, 38; Inscr. Orell. 563 al.; sometimes also opp. to auspicium, as the supreme command, Tac. A. 2, 41; Curt. 6, 3; Suet. Aug. 21 Ruhnk. Trop., of discourse. Connection, structure of a play, Quint. 4, 2, 53. A period, Quint. 9, 4, 30 Spald.

dudum
dūdum, adv. temp. [diu-dum, it is some time since; cf. Don. Ter. And. 3, 4, 3; Prisc. p. 1018 P. Hence]. A short time ago, a little while ago (in Plaut. and Ter. freq., and repeatedly in Cicero's philos. writings and letters, and in Vergil; elsewh., except in the compound jamdudum, very rare; not in Caes.; cf. also diu, pridem): quid ille revortitur, qui dudum properare se aibat, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 29; 1, 1, 231; 2, 1, 73; 3, 2, 35; id. Trin. 2, 4, 29 et saep.; Ter And. 3, 4, 12; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 34 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76; id. de Or. 2, 65, 262; id. Att. 11, 24; Verg. A. 5, 650; Stat. Th. 1, 670. Before, formerly. Opp. nunc: nunc assentatrix scelesta est, dudum adversatrix erat, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 100; id. Men. 5, 5, 33; 5, 1, 29: etiam si dudum fuerat ambiguom hoc mihi, nunc non est, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 26 al.; id. And. 4, 1, 29; 5, 1, 5; id. Eun. 4, 4, 16; Cic. Brut. 36, 138; Verg. A. 2, 726; 12, 632. Opp. nunc demum, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 78; cf. id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 4, 52. Without such oppos. particles, Plaut. Epid. 5, 1, 54; id. Truc. 4, 3, 29; Ter. Ph. 2, 4, 19; Cic. Brut. 72, 252; Verg. A. 10, 599: quid tu me sic salutas, quasi dudum non videris, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 52 (dub. Ussing ad loc.). In Plaut. connected with ut or cum, to denote immediately past or present time, just as: nam ut dudum hinc abii, accessi ad adolescentes in foro, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 18; cf. id. Aul. 4, 8, 5; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 33: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit, cum pallam mihi Detulisti, just now, id. Men. 2, 3, 41; cf. ib. 5, 1, 1.
Less freq. without these conjunctions: is se ad portum dixerat Ire dudum, just now, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 135, ed. Ritschl. To designate a remoter past, only in two combinations. Haud dudum, not long ago, i. e. just now, = modo: To. E Persia ad me allatae modo sunt istae, a meo domino. Do. Quando? To. Haud dudum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 29. Quam dudum, how long: vide quam dudum hic asto et pulto! id. Stich. 2, 1, 38; Ter. And. 5, 2, 9; id. Eun. 4, 4, 30: Al. Qui non abiisti, ita ut dudum dixeras? Am. Dudum? Quam dudum istuc factum'st? Al. Temptas; jam dudum, modo, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 59.

duella
dŭella, ae, f. duo, a Roman weight = two sextulae, or the third part of an uncia, Rhemn. Fann. de Pond. 23; Isid. Or. 16, 25.

duellator
dŭellātor, dŭellĭcus, v. bell.

duellis
dŭellis, is, m. duellum = bellum, a warrior, Arn. 1, p. 10.

Duellius
Dŭellĭus (in MSS. and inscrr. also written Dŭīlius and Duillius), a, um duellum = bellum; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 153; Quint. 1, 4, 15, a Roman gens; esp., C., the famous conqueror of the Carthaginians, in honor of whom the Columna rostrata was erected, 493 A. U. C., Cic. Rep. 1, 1; id. de Sen. 13, 44; id. N. D. 2, 66; id. Planc. 25; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Sil. 6, 665; cf. Inscr. Orell. 549. M., a tribune of the people, A. U. C. 283, Liv. 2, 55 al.

Duellona
Dŭellōna, v. Bellona.

duellum
dŭellum, v. bellum.

duicensus
dŭĭcensus dicebatur cum altero, id est, cum filio census, Paul. ex. Fest. p. 66, 14 Müll. [duis = bis and censeo].

duidens
duidens, v. bidens, II. b.

Duilius
Dŭīlĭus or Dŭillĭus, v. Duellius.

duim
dŭim, v. do init.

duis
dŭis, verb., v. do init. Num., v. bis init.

duitae
dŭītae, ārum, m. duo, heretics who believed in two gods, Prud. Hamart. praef. 37.

duitas
dŭĭtas, ātis, f. id., the state of being two, duality, Dig. 50, 16, 242, § 3; δυάς, duitas, Gloss.

duitor
duĭtor, v. do init.

dulcacidus
dulcăcĭdus, a, um, adj. dulcis-acidus, of a sourish-sweet flavor (late Lat.): liquor, Seren. Sammon. 11, 151; 32, 607.

dulcator
dulcātor, ōris, m. dulco, a sweetener: fontis amari, Paul. Nol. Carm. 23, 237.

dulce
dulce, adv., sweetly, pleasantly, v. dulcis, fin. .

dulcedo
dulcēdo, ĭnis, f. dulcis, sweetness. Lit., a sweet taste (rare): radix amara cum quadam dulcedine, Plin. 25, 6, 30, § 66; Vulg. Exod. 15, 25.
Far more freq. and class., Trop., pleasantness, agreeableness, delightfulness, charm: nimia aquarum, Lucr. 6, 1266; cf.: frugum et vini, Liv. 5, 33: vini, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 137: aut aliquem fructum capiant dulcedinis almae (shortly before opp. dolor), Lucr. 2, 971; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 13; 2, 34, 114; id. Leg. 1, 17 fin.; Verg. G. 1, 412; 4, 55: honoris et pecuniae, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2: avium (genit. obj.), Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 70: agrariae legis, Liv. 2, 42: potestatis ejus, id. 5, 6 fin.: vitae, Cels. 6, 6: orationis, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf. vocis, Ov. M. 1, 709: gloriae, Cic. Arch. 10, 24: iracundiae, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2 fin.; cf. irae, Liv. 9, 14 fin.: otii, Tac. A. 1, 2: amoris, Verg. A. 11, 538 et saep.: plebeios creandi, Liv. 5, 13; cf. praedandi, id. 6, 41 fin.: scabendi, Plin. 8, 25, 37, § 90: furandi, id. 8, 57, 82, § 222 al.
In plur., Vitr. 7 praef.

dulcesco
dulcesco, dulcui, 3, v. inch. n. [id.], to become sweet, Cic. de Sen. 15, 53; Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 127; 31, 7, 41, § 70; Paul. Nol. Carm. 17, 23.

dulcia
dulcĭa, ōrum, v. dulcis, I. B.

dulciarius
dulcĭārĭus, a, um, adj. dulcia, of confections, making sweetmeats: vascula, to hold confections, Inscr. Orell. 114. Esp. of persons: pistor, a confectioner, pastry-cook, Mart. 14, 222 in lemm.; App. M. 10, p. 244, 30.
Hence, subst., dulciari-us, ii, m., a pastry-cook, Lampr. Heliog. 27; Treb. Claud. 14; Veg. Mil. 1, 7.

dulciculus
dulcĭcŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [dulcis], sweetish (very rare): potio, * Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 46; caseus, as a term of endearment, * Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 179.

dulcifer
dulcĭfer, ĕra, ērum, adj. dulcis-fero, containing sweetness, sweet (very rare): ficus, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 103 P. (v. 71 Vahl.): cantharus, * Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 17.

dulcifico
dulcĭfĭco, āvi, 1, v. a. dulcis-facio, to sweeten: oratio jejunium dulcificat, Petr. Chrysol. Serm. Dub. 6.

dulciloquus
dulcĭlŏquus, a, um, adj. dulcis-loquor, sweetly speaking (late Lat. and rare): calami, Aus. Idyll. 20, 4: ars Orphei, Sid. Ep. 8, 11.

dulcimodus
dulcĭ-mŏdus, a, um, adj. dulcis, sweetly modulated (late Lat.): psalmi, Prud. Psych. 664.

dulcinervis
dulcĭnervis, e, adj. dulcis-nervus, sweetly-stringed (late Lat.): arcus, Mart. Capt. 9, § 917.

dulciola
dulcĭŏla, ōrum, n. dim. dulcis, little sugar-cakes: mellita, App. M. 4, p. 115, 12.

dulciorelocus
dulcĭōrĕlŏcus, a, um, adj. dulcisos-loquor, speaking with a sweet mouth, an epithet of Nestor, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 13.

dulcis
dulcis, e, adj. from gulcis, by dissimilation; cf. ten-ebrae from root tam-; root in Sanscr. gul-jam, sweetness; Gr. γλυκύς, γλυκερός, sweet, sweet (very freq.; cf.: suavis, venustus, jucundus, gratus, acceptus, amoenus, etc.). Lit., opp. amarus: (animal) sentit et dulcia et amara, Cic. N. D. 3, 13; cf. Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 72: mel, id. Asin. 3, 3, 24; id. Truc. 2, 4, 20; cf.: liquor mellis, Lucr. 1, 938; 4, 13: aqua, id. 6, 890: poma, id. 5, 1377; Hor. S. 2, 5, 12: vinum, id. C. 3, 12, 1; cf. merum, id. ib. 3, 13, 2: dolium, id. Epod. 2, 47: olivum, id. S. 2, 4, 64: sapor, id. C. 3, 1, 19 et saep.
Comp.: uva, Ov. M. 13, 795.
Sup.: panis, Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 92 et saep.
Hence, Subst. and heterocl., dulcia, ōrum, n., sweet cakes, honey-cakes, sugar-cakes (late Lat.), Vop. Tac. 6; Lampr. Heliog. 26; 31; Prud. Psych. 429. Trop., agreeable, delightful, pleasant, charming, soft, flattering. In gen.: dulcia atque amara apud te sum elocutus omnia, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 61; id. Truc. 1, 2, 78: vita, Lucr. 2, 997; cf.: lumina vitae, id. 5, 989: solacia, vitae, id. 5, 21: orator, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; cf. of orators or writers, Quint. 10, 1, 77; 73; 12, 10, 44; cf. also: non quo ea (oratione) Laelii quicquam sit dulcius, Cic. Brut. 21, 83: genus dicendi, Quint. 2, 8, 4: carmen, id. 12, 10, 33: poëmata, Hor. A. P. 99 et saep.: nomen libertatis, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63; cf. id. Att. 15, 13, 3: auditu nomen, Liv. 24, 21, 3: amores, Hor. C. 1, 9, 15: otium, id. Epod. 1, 8: fortuna, id. C. 1, 37, 11: dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, Hor. C. 3, 2, 13.
With dat.: mensae dulcis herili canis, Val. Fl. 7, 130.
Prov.: dulce etiam fugias, fieri quod amarum potest, Pub. Syr. 144 Rib.
Sup.: epistola, Cic. Att. 15, 13, 4: quod in amicissimo quoque dulcissimum est, id. Lael. 23 fin. al. In partic. of friends, lovers, etc., friendly, pleasant, agreeable, charming, kind, dear: amici (opp. acerbi inimici), Cic. Lael. 24 fin.; cf.: amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior, id. ib. 18 fin.: liberi, Hor. Epod. 2, 40; cf. nata, id. S. 2, 3, 199: alumnus, id. C. 3, 23, 7; id. Ep. 1, 4, 8.
Hence, in addressing a person: optime et dulcissime frater, Cic. Leg. 3, 11; cf.: dulcissime Attice, id. Att. 6, 2, 9: mi dulcissime Tiro, Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2: dulcis amice, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 12: dulce decus meum, id. C. 1, 1, 2.
Absol.: quid agis, dulcissime rerum? Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.
Hence, adv. (acc. to II.), agreeably, delightfully. dulcĭter, Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 18; Quint. 1, 10, 24; 4, 2, 62; 9, 4, 14; 12, 10, 71. dulce, Cat. 51, 5; Hor. C. 1, 22, 23; 24; id. Ep. 1, 7, 27; Stat. S. 3, 4, 8; id. Th. 4, 274. Comp.: dulcius spirare, Quint. 12, 10, 27; Prop. 1, 2, 14. Sup.: dulcissime scripta, Cic. Brut. 19, 77.

dulcisonorus
dulcĭsŏnōrus, a, am, adj. dulcissonorus, sweetly sounding: res Serv. Centim. p. 24 Santen. (p. 467, 17 Keil).

dulcisonus
dulcĭsŏnus, a, um, adj. dulcis-sonus, sweetly sounding: murmur, Sid. Carm. 6, 5; Cassiod. in Psalt. praef.

dulcitas
dulcĭtas, ātis, f. dulcis, sweetness, pleasantness (ante- and post-classical). Lit.: fici, App. de Mundo, 74, 34. Trop.: conspirantis animae, Att. ap. Non. 96, 27 (Trag. v. 640 Rib.): tanta, Caecil. ap. Non. ib. (Com. v. 218 Rib.).

dulciter
dulcĭter, adv., v. dulcis, fin. .

dulcitudo
dulcĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. dulcis, sweetness (very rare). Lit.: gustatus, qui dulcitudine praeter ceteros sensus commovetur, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99. Trop., pleasantness, agreeableness, charm: usurarum, Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 10: CVM QVA VIXIT ANNIS XIII. CVM MAGNA DVLCITVDINE, in great tenderness (acc. to dulcis, II. B.), Inscr. Grut. 752, 3; so Inscr. Fabr. 250, 4.

dulco
dulco, ātus, āre, 1, v. a. id., to sweeten (late Lat.), Sid. Ep. 5, 4; id. Carm. 2, 105.

dulcor
dulcor, ōris, m. id., sweetness (cf. the opp. amaror; late Lat.), Tert. adv. Marc. 1. 6; 3, 5; Vulg. Sirach, 11, 3 al.

dulcoro
dulcōro, āre, 1, v. a. dulcor, to sweeten (late Lat.): amaritudinem, Hier. Ep. 22, 9; id. ib. 69, 9: animam, Vulg. Prov. 27, 9: mare mortuum et amaras aquas, Hier. ap. Psa. 76.
Hence, P. a.: dulcōrātus, a, um, sweetened, Plin. Val. 1, 2 al.

Dulgibini
Dulgĭbīni, ōrum, m. (Δουλγούμνιοι), Ptol., a Germanic tribe on the banks of the Weser, in the present Lippe - Detmold, Paderborn, and Pyrmont, Tac. G. 34.

dulice
dūlĭce, adv., = δουλικῶς, in the manner of a slave, servilely, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58.

Dulichium
Dūlĭchĭum, ii, n. (Δουλίχιον Hom., Δολίχαι Strab.), an island of the Ionian Sea, southeast of Ithaca, belonging to the kingdom of Ulysses, perhaps one of the Echinades, but its situation is uncertain, Mel. 2, 7, 10; Plin. 4, 12, 19, § 54; Verg. A. 3, 271; Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 67; called also Dūlĭ-chĭa, ae, f. (sc. insula), Prop. 2, 14, 4 (3, 6, 4 M.).
Hence, Dūlĭchĭus, a, um, adj., of Dulichium, or poet., of Ulysses.
So, dux, i. e. Ulysses, Ov. M. 14, 226; id. R. Am. 272; cf. juvenis, Prop. 2, 21, 13 (3, 14, 13 M.): vertex, the head of Ulysses, Ov. M. 13, 107: portus, id. ib. 13, 711: rates, Verg. E. 6, 76: Irus, Prop. 3, 5, 17 (4, 4, 17 M.): manus, Ov. M. 13, 425: palatum, i. e. of the companions of Ulysses, id. Tr. 4, 1, 31: proci, i. e. of Penelope, Stat. S. 5, 1, 58; cf. Ov. H. 1, 87.

Dulorestes
Dūlŏrestes, is (Dolorestes), m., the title of a tragedy of Pacuvius, Prisc. 668 P. v. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 91 sq. and 364.

dum
dum, conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other, As contemporaneous, or, As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases. As contemporaneous. Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which. In gen., construed with the indicative, except in oratio obliqua, where the subjunctive was sometimes used. In Aug. poets and late prose the subjunctive often stands in oratio directa, v. the following). Indic. praes.: dum cum hac usuraria Uxore mihi nunc morigero, haec curata sint Fac sis, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 25; so id. Aul. 4, 2, 14; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19; Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 11; Cic. Clu. 32 fin.; Verg. E. 3, 75; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 190 et saep.
In the praes. histor.: dum haec loquimur, interea loci ad macellum ubi advenimus, etc., Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 18; Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Div. in Caec. 17, 56: dum haec geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 1; cf. these forms of transition, id. ib. 3, 17, 1; 4, 32, 1; 4, 34, 3; 5, 22, 1; 6, 7, 1; 7, 57, 1; id. B. C. 1, 56, 1; 2, 1, 1 et saep. dum ea conquiruntur et conferuntur, nocte intermissa circiter hominum milia VI ad Rhenum contenderunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 37, 1; id. ib. 1, 36, 1; Liv. 21, 7, 1; Verg. G. 4, 559.
In the imperf.: dum haec in Appulia gerebantur, Samnites ... urbem non tenuerunt, Liv. 10, 36 fin.; 21, 53; 41, 14; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Tac. Agr. 41; cf.: dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91
In the fut.; nunc animum advortite Dum argumentum hujus eloquar comoediae, Plaut. Am. prol. 96.
In the perf.: dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus, Cic. Brut. 81, 292; so id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Fin. 2, 13; id. Phil. 14, 12, 33; id. Att. 1, 16, 2; Nep. Reg. 2, 2 al.
In the pluperf.: dum in unam partem oculos animosque hostium certamen averterat, pluribus locis scalis capitur murus, Liv. 32, 24.
In the fut. perf.: bellum ingens geret Italia... Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, Verg. A. 1, 265.
Prov.: dum loqueris, i. e. this instant, Petr. 99.
In the oratio obliqua: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequimur, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 101; Liv. 2, 57; 26, 16; Tac. A. 15, 59; id. H. 1, 33; Ov. M. 4, 776 et saep. Subj. In oratio obliqua: dixisti, dum Planci in me meritum verbis extollerem, me arcem facere e cloaca, Cic. Planc. 40; so id. de Or. 1, 41 fin.; id. Mur. 24; id. Att. 5, 17, 3; Sall. C. 7, 6; Tac. H. 4, 17 fin. al.
In oratio recta: o quotiens ausae, caneret dum valle sub alta, Rumpere mugitu carmina docta boves, Tib. 2, 3, 19: dum intentus in eum se rex totus averteret, etc., Liv. 1, 40, 7: dum ea in Samnio gererentur, id. 10, 18, 1; Ov. Pont. 3, 3, 2; Verg. G. 4, 457; Mart. 1, 22, 1; Hirt. B. Hisp. 23; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 35; id. Caes. 39; Hyg. Fab. 12 al. When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause: dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc., Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99: dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer, Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 61. When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause: dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Quint. 6, 28: dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur, Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf. also: dum ... interim, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8; id. Men. 1, 3, 31; Liv. 21, 47, 7 al. Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet. In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv. Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc Phil p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And 1, 1, 2 abidum, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 8 circumspicedum, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 109: dicdum, Ter. Hec 5, 3, 5 facitodum, id. Heaut 3, 2, 39 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7: manedum, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4: memoradum, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103: tacedum, id. Men. 2, 2, 73: tangedum, id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 al.: agedum (most freq.), id. Am. 2, 2, 151; 5, 1, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 1; 5, 1, 1 et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Hec. 3, 1, 35; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.: agitedum, Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.: cedodum, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15: ehodum, id. And. 1, 2, 13; 2, 1, 24; 3, 5, 10; id. Eun. 2, 3, 68; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. πρῶτον μέν), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26; id. Most. 2, 1, 53; id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 al. With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while. Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).
In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.
In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep. Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future: non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76: pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant, Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2: ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus, id. B. C. 2, 20, 3: hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur, id. ib. 3, 10, 7: de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.). With tamdiu, tantum, tantummodo, tantisper, usque; or opp. postea, postquam, deinde, ubi, nunc, etc.
With tamdiu, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3; id. Cat. 3, 7; id. de Sen. 12, 41; id. Tusc. 5, 33 fin.; id. Att. 9, 6, 5 al.
With tantum, Liv. 27, 42.
With tantummodo, Sall. J. 53, 3.
With tantisper, Plaut. Truc. prol. 11; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 54.
With usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: dum ... postea, id. Mur. 12, 26
dum ... postea quam, Caes. B. G. 7, 82, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 43 fin.
dum ... postquam, Sall. J. 53, 3; Liv. 21, 13; cf. Ter. And. 1, 1, 27
dum ... deinde, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5; Liv. 27, 42, 13
dum ... sed ubi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37; Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 5
dum ... nunc, Ter. And. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 11.
For tamdiu ... dum, less freq. dum ... dum, as long as ... so long: sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum cara suis, Cat. 62, 45 and 56; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 16: dum habeat, dum amet, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23 (al. tum). In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57; 5, 2, 20; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48; id. Merc. 2, 3, 53; id. Ps. 1, 5, 92. Transf. In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive; freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36: Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58; cf.: dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo, Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97: licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas, Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.: qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur, id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41; so without a verb, Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2, 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.: dum eatenus, id. 1, 11, 1. With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo: aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc., Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189; id. Aul. 2, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.: sin autem jejunitatem ... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc., Cic. Brut. 82, 285: dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet, Ov. A. A. 2, 276.
Separated by other words: mea nil refert, dum patiar modo, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28: certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 57; Val. Fl. 5, 265. With tamen, and, in Plautus (cf. above, 1. c.), with quidem.
With tamen, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314; Cels. 3, 4; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 2, 12, 7; 8 prooem. § 32; Dig. 39, 22, 4.
With quidem, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 20; id. Aul. 2, 2, 34; cf. the foll. number. In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not: VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat, Cato, R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26; id. Curc. 1, 1, 36; Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.
So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.: dum quidem ne, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89. With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46. In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf. e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere? Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.: ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt, Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 32; id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive). Subj.: is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14; cf.: paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum, id. Am. 2, 2, 64; cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4; so with exspectare, id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.; with morari, Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, β: sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.: multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio, Verg. A. 1, 5: ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1: differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira, Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.: dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret, Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.
Indic.: tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere, Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 5; so with opperiri, Cic. Att. 10, 3; with manere aliquem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28; with exspectare, id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; with morari, Liv. 27, 42; cf.: causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems, Verg. A. 4, 52: retine, dum ego huc servos evoco, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 89; cf.: Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas, Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.

dumalis
dūmālis, e, adj. dumus, bushy, bristly: coma, Mart. Cap. 4, § 329.

dumecta
dūmecta, v. dumetum init.

dumesco
dūmesco, ĕre dumus, to be overgrown with bushes, acc. to Diom. p. 335 P.

dumetum
dūmētum or dummetum (another form: DUMECTA antiqui quasi DUMICETA appellabant, quae nos dumeta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 67, 10 Müll.), i, n. id., thorn-bushes, thorn-hedge, thicket. Lit., Cic. Tusc. 5, 23; Verg. G. 1, 15; Hor. C. 3, 4, 63; 3, 29, 23 al. Trop.: cur orationem tantas in angustias et Stoicorum dumeta compellimus? Cic. Ac. 2, 35: quod cum efficere voltis (i. e. deum significare) in dumeta conrepitis, id. N. D. 1, 24 fin.

dumicola
dūmĭcŏla, ae, m. [dumus-colo], that dwells in thickets, Avien. Perieg. 895.

dummodo
dummŏdo, v. dum, I. B. 2. a. .

Dumnorix
Dumnŏrix, ĭgis, m., an Aeduan, brother of Divitiacus, Caes. B. G. 1, 3 al.

dumosus
dūmōsus (also dummosus; old form dusmōsus, like Casmena, Casmili, etc., Liv. Andron. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67, 5 Müll.), a, um, adj. dumus, full of thornbushes, bushy (rare): rupes, Verg. E. 1, 77; cf. saxa, Ov. M. 10, 535: montes, Col. 4, 33, 5; colles, id. Poët. 10, 150: arva, Verg. G. 2, 180.

dumtaxat
dumtaxat (less correctly, duntax-at; in ante-Aug. monuments perh. always written separately; often in inscriptions separated by some words: dum ... taxat; cf. also Lex ap. Fest. p. 246, 12 Müll.), adv. dum-taxo; hence, lit., as far as it holds good, extends. To this extent, so far, in so far, as far as this matter is concerned: sin autem jejunitatem et siccitatem ... dummodo sit polito ... in Attico genere ponit, hoc recte dumtaxat, Cic. Brut. 82, 285: nos animo dumtaxat vigemus, id. Att. 4, 3 fin.: sint ista pulchriora dumtaxat adspectu, id. N. D. 2, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 43, 90; id. Deiot. 1, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 90; Dig. 4, 3, 17, § 1: dumtaxat de peculio, as far as relates to the peculium, Edict. Praet. ap. Dig. 15, 2, 1; Dig. 14, 4, 7, § 5. Hence, defining a limit, either as maximum or as minimum, exactly, of the proper measure, which may be not more, or not less. (Not more, i. e.) Only, simply, merely = tantummodo. Esp. in specifying numbers and amounts: MITTANTVR MVLIERES LIBERAE DVMTAXAT QVINQVE, Edict. Praet. ap. Dig. 25, 4, 1, § 10 med.: secum duxerit dum taxat homines IIL. (= duodequinquaginta), Lex. Acil. Repet. 32; Cato, R. R. 49 (quoted in Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 198): ut consules potestatem haberent tempore dumtaxat annuam, genere ipso ac jure regiam, Cic. Rep. 2, 32; in tmesis: eum quis volet magistratus multare, dum minore parti familiae taxat, liceto, Lex Silia A. U. C. 510, Huschke, Jurisp. Antejust. p. 10. In gen., in other restrictive applications: dumtaxat, ut hoc promittere possis, etc., Lucr. 3, 378: peditatu dumtaxat procul ad speciem utitur, equites in aciem mittit, * Caes. B. C. 2, 41, 2: Cato enim dumtaxat de magnitudine animi, etc., simply, Cic. Par. ad prooem. 3; id. N. D. 1, 38, 107; 1, 44, 123; id. Ep. ad Brut. 3; id. de Or. 2, 27, 119; Liv. 10, 25; Tac. G. 25; Suet. Caes. 55; 75; Hor. S. 2, 6, 42 et saep.; Curt. 4, 42; 9, 36 al. So, non dumtaxat = non modo: non rebus dumtaxat, sed etiam moribus, etc., Dig. 26, 7, 12, § 3: non eos dumtaxat, sed omnes, etc., ib. 50, 16, 235; cf.: nec dumtaxat animum vobis fidelem praestitit, sed omnibus interfuit bellis, etc., Liv. 37, 53, 9. (Not less, i. e.) At least = saltem. Like A. 1., esp. in numerical specifications: obsonari dumtaxat ad minam, * Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 91: cum in testamento scriptum esset, ut heres in funere aut in monumento DVMTAXAT AVREOS CENTVM consumeret, non licet minus consumere, si amplius vellet, licet, Dig. 50, 16, 202: statim Arpinum irem, ni te in Formiano commodissime exspectari viderem, dumtaxat ad prid. Non. Mai., Cic. Att. 2, 14; cf.: IBI EPVLENTVR DVMTAXAT IN V. ID. IVL., Inscr. Orell. 707. In gen., in other restrictive applications: valde me Athenae delectarunt: urbs dumtaxat et urbis ornamentum, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; cf. id. ib. 2, 18, 2; id. Fam. 12, 1; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. de Or. 1, 58, 249; id. Lael. 15, 53 al.: Cels. 5, 26; Sen. Ben. 5, 2; id. Ep. 58; Quint. 1, 4, 20; 2, 10, 2; Hor. A. P. 23: non tantum virtutes cujusque digne prosecutus, sed vitia quoque et delicta, dumtaxat modica, perpessus, at least, Suet. Aug. 66. In a very few passages dumtaxat approaches so nearly in meaning to dummodo that it may be rendered by a conjunction in Eng., provided that: qui, cum luxuriose viverent, non reprehenderentur eo nomine dumtaxat cetera caverent, Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 21; cf. Suet. Aug. 66 supra; v. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 330-339.

dumus
dūmus (old form dusmus, v. dumosus), i, m. dusmus for densimus, from densus, a thorn-bush, bramble, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; Verg. G. 3, 315; 338; 4, 130; id. A. 4, 526 et saep.

duntaxat
duntaxat, v. dumtaxat.

duo
dŭŏ, ae, ŏ (acc. masc. duo as freq. as duos; cf. ambo. Passages with duo, Att. ap. Charis. p. 101 P.; Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 4; 3, 2, 37; id. Most. 3, 2, 89; 147; 148; id. Ps. 1, 3, 99; 4, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 5; 3, 1, 9; Cic. Rep. 1, 10; 1, 13; 2, 14; 2, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 9; id. Tull. § 19 Beier N. cr.; id. Fam. 3, 4, 2; 7, 25, 2; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 69, 2; Liv. 6, 42 fin.; 35, 21; Suet. Calig. 41; id. Oth. 1, 5; Verg. A. 11, 285; Hor. S. 1, 7, 15 al.
Gen. duūm, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 102 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Or. 46 fin.; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2; Sall. J. 106, 5; Liv. 3, 25; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 89; 15, 17, 18, § 63 et saep.
Neutr. dua, Att. ap. Cic. Or. 46 fin.; and connected with pondo, also duapondo, Vitr. 10, 17; Scrib. Comp. 45; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 15.
The metre dŭō occurs only in Aus. Ep. 19, 13), card. num. [Sanscr. dva; Gr. δύο, δύω; Goth. tvai; Germ. zwei; Engl. two; cf.: bis (for dvis), dubius, duplex, etc.]. Two: hi ambo et servus et hera frustra sunt duo, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 19: angues duo maxumi, id. ib. 5, 1, 56: duo talenta argenti, id. As. 1, 3, 41 et saep. = Gr. οἱ δύο, the two, both: subito edicunt duo consules, Cic. Sest. 14, 32: duo sapientia praestantes, pater et socer, Nep. Tim. 3, 2: nocuit sua culpa duobus, Ov. M. 15, 115; cf.: vos inter duos, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 2: qui duo populi, Liv. 8, 17, 9.

duodecaiugum
dŭŏdĕcăjŭgum, i, n. vox hybr., δυόδεκα + jugum, a team of twelve animals, Ambros. in Psa. 118, Serm. 4.

duodecas
dŭōdĕcas, ădis, f., = δυωδεκάς, the number twelve, Tert. Praescr. 49.

duodecennis
dŭŏdĕcennis, e, adj. duodecim-annus, twelve years old, Sulpic. Sever. Dial. 1, 10; 3, 2.

duodecennium
dŭŏdĕcennĭum, ii, n. duodecennis, a period of twelve years, Cod. Th. 2, 27, 1, § 6.

duodecies
dŭŏdĕcĭes (or -ĭens, quadrisyl., Auct. Carm. de Phoenice, 28), adv. num. duodecim, twelve times, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75; Liv. 38, 28.

duodecim
dŭŏdĕcim, card. num. [duo-decem], twelve, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 10; Cic. Rep. 2, 17; Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 2 et saep.
So, duodecim (and more freq. XII.) Tabulae, the laws of the Twelve Tables, Cic. Off. 1, 12; Quint. 5, 14, 18; Varr. L. L. 5, § 22 Müll. et saep.; called also absol.: duodecim (or XII.), Cic. Leg. 2, 23 (repeatedly); id. Off. 3, 16 al. (v. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. pp. 253-265).

duodecimus
dŭŏ-dĕcĭmus, a, um, ord. num., the twelfth (a common word in Caes.): legio, Caes. B. G. 2, 23, 4; 2, 25, 1; 3, 1, 1; 7, 62, 4; id. B. C. 3, 34, 3.
Adv.: dŭŏdĕcĭmo, for the twelfth time: consul, Capitol. Anton. Pius, 1, § 8.

duodecimvir
dŭŏdĕcim-vir, vĭri, m., one of the twelve commissioners, Inscr. Orell. 3969.

duodenarius
dŭŏdēnārĭus, a, um, adj. duodeni, containing twelve: numerus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll.

duodeni
dŭŏ-dēni, ae, a, distr. num., twelve each; twelve: uxores habent deni duodenique inter se communes, Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 4: duodena describit in singulos homines jugera, Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 85; Liv. 5, 33; cf.: fossa duplex duodenūm pedum, Caes. B. G. 7, 36, 7: milia, id. ib. 7, 75, 3: astra, Verg. G. 1, 232; cf. signa, Ov. M. 13, 618: nec inveniuntur qui velint debere rei publicae, praesertim duodenis assibus, at twelve per cent., Plin. et Traj. Epist. 54, 1.

duodennium
dŭŏdennium, ii, n., the space of twelve years, Mythogr. Vat. 3, p. 163 med. (al. duodecennium).

duodenonaginta
dŭŏ-dē-nōnāginta (written LXXXVIII.), card. num., eighty-eight, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 118.

duodeoctoginta
dŭŏ-dē-octōginta, card. num., seventy-eight, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 62.

duodequadrageni
dŭŏ-dē-quā^drāgēni, ae, a, distr. num., thirty-eight each: pedum columnae, Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; and 36, 15, 24, § 114.

duodequadragesimus
dŭŏ-dē-quādrāgēsĭmus, a, um, ordin. num., the thirty-eight: anno, Liv. 1, 40.

duodequadraginta
dŭŏ-dē-quā^drāginta, card. num., thirty-eight, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20; Liv. 35, 40.

duodequinquageni
dŭŏ-dē-quinquāgēni, ae, a, distr. num., forty-eight each; forty-eight: diebus, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 38.

duodequinquagesimus
dŭŏ-dē-quinquāgēsĭmus, a, um, ordin. num., the forty-eighth: anno, Cic. Brut. 44: die, Col. 9, 14, 4.

duodequinquaginta
dŭŏ-dē-quinquāginta, card. num., forty-eight, Col. 9, 14, 1; 12, 5, 1 (written IIL., Lex. Acil. Repet. 32 al.).

duodesexagesimus
dŭŏ-dē-sexāgēsĭmus, a, um, ordin. num., the fifty-eighth: annus, Vell. 2, 53, 13.

duodesexaginta
dŭŏ-dē-sexāginta, card. num., fiftyeight, Plin. 11, 9, 9, § 19.

duodetricesimus
dŭŏ-dē-trīcēsĭmus, a, um, ordin. num., the twenty - eighth: dies, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 10, 6.

duodetriciens
dŭŏ-dē-trīcĭens, adv. num., twentyeight times, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 70 Zumpt N. cr.

duodetriginta
dŭŏ-dē-trīginta, card. num., twentyeight, Liv. 33, 36 fin.; Suet. Tib. 1 al.

duodeviceni
dŭŏ-dē-vīcēni, ae, a, distr. num., eighteen each: denarii, Liv. 21, 41.

duodevicesimus
dŭŏ-dē-vīcēsĭmus (or viges-), a, um, ordin. num., the eighteenth, Cato and Varr. ap. Non. 100, 11 sq.: pars tauri, Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 184; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 5; and, per tmesin: duo enim devicesima Olympiade, Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 55.

duodeviginti
dŭŏ-dē-vīginti, card. num., eighteen, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 74 sq.; Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 128; id. Rep. 2, 22; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 71 al.; cf. also: annis mille centum et duobus de viginti fere, etc., Eutr. 10, 9.

duoetvicesimani
dŭŏ-et-vīcēsĭmāni, ōrum, m. duoet-vicesimus, soldiers of the twenty-second legion, Tac. H. 4, 37; 5, 1.

duoetvicesimus
dŭŏ-et-vīcēsĭmus, a, um, ordin. num., the twenty-second: anno, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 5, 4: legio, Tac. H. 1, 18; 1, 55; 4, 24; 4, 37; cf. the preced. art.

duonus
duonus, v. bonus init.

duovir
dŭŏvir, vĭri, and usu. plur. dŭŏvĭri (less correctly dŭumvĭri, Zumpt, Gram. § 124; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 391; in MSS. and Inscr. usu. II. vir, II. viri; but, DVOVIRES, Inscr. Orell. 3808: DVOVIRI, ib. 3886, v. infra), ōrum, m. du + vir, a Roman board or court consisting of two persons. Perduellionis, an extraordinary criminal court, the duumviri, anciently selected by the kings or the people for each case as it arose; so in the trial of Horatius, Liv. 1, 26; of M. Manlius, id. 6, 20; of C. Rabirius, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 204. Sacrorum, the keepers of the Sibylline books, Liv. 3, 10, 7; 5, 13, 6; cf. Dion. Hal. 4, 62 (afterwards decemviri and quindecimviri were elected for this purpose; cf. Liv. 22, 10, 9; Lact. 1, 6, 13); v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 240. Navales, an extraordinary board created for the purpose of equipping fleets, Liv. 9, 30, 4; id. 40, 18, 8; id. 41, 1, 2 sq.; v. Mommsen, Hist. 1, 531; 4, 136. Ad aedem faciendam (dedicandam, locandam), the duumviri for building or dedicating a temple, Liv. 7, 28, 5; id. 22, 33, 8.
In the sing.: duumvir, Liv. 2, 42, 5; id. 35, 41, 8; 40, 34, 5 sq. The highest board of magistrates in the municipia and colonies, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; id. ib. 1, 30; Inscr. Orell. 2540: QVINQVENNALES, ib. 3882 sq.: IVRI DICVNDO, ib. 3805 sq.
In the sing.: DVOVIR, ib. 3813 sq.; 4982; also ib. 3886 (Momms. 1956). VIIS EXTRA URBEM PURGANDIS, officers who had the charge of the streets of the suburbs of Rome, Tab. Heracl. 1, 50 ed. Göttling.

duplaris
dŭplāris, e, adj. duplus, containing double (late Lat.): numerus, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6; 2, 1: miles, one who receives double pay as a reward, Veg. Mil. 2, 7; also in the form DUPLARIUS, Inscr. Orell. 2003; 3476 al., v. duplicarius.

duplarius
dū^plārĭus, v. praeced.

duplatio
dū^plātĭo, ōnis, f. duplo, a doubling, Dig. 9, 4, 31.

duplex
dū^plex, ĭcis (abl. commonly duplici; duplice, Hor. S. 2, 2, 122), adj. duo-plico, twofold, double. Lit.: et duplices hominum facies et corpora bina, Lucr. 4, 452; cf. aër (with geminus), id. 4, 274: cursus (with duae viae), Cic. Tusc. 1, 30: pars (opp. simplex), Quint. 8, 5, 4; cf. id. 4, 4, 5: modus (opp. par and sesquiplex), Cic. Or. 57, 193 et saep.: duplici de semine, Lucr. 4, 1229: quem locum duplici altissimo muro munierant, Caes. B. G. 2, 29, 3: fossa duodenūm pedum, id. ib. 7, 36 fin.: vallum, id. B. C. 3, 63, 3: rates, id. ib. 1, 25, 6: tabellae, consisting of two leaves, Suet. Aug. 27: dorsum, consisting of two boards, Verg. G. 1, 172: acies, Caes. B. G. 3, 24, 1; id. B. C. 1, 83, 1; 3, 67, 3 al.; cf. proelium, Suet. Aug. 13: seditio, id. Tib. 25: triumphus, id. Dom. 6: cura, id. Tib. 8 et saep.
Prov.: duplex fit bonitas, simul accessit celeritas, who gives promptly gives twice, Pub. Syr. 141 (Rib.). Transf. Of things made double by being divided into two, cloven, bipartite, double: ne duplices habeatis linguas, ne ego bilingues vos necem, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 7; cf. id. As. 3, 3, 105: ficus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 122; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 52; Veg. Vet. 2, 10, 6 (1, 38, p. 265 Bip; cf. id. 1, 56, p. 281 Bip.): folia palmae, Plin. 16, 24, 38, § 90: lex, Quint. 7, 7, 10. Poet., like the Gr. διπλοῦς, of things in pairs, for ambo or uterque, both: oculi, Lucr. 6, 1145: palmae, Verg. A. 1, 93; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 327. Opp. to single, like the Gr. διπλοῦς and our double, for thick, strong, stout: clavi, Cato R. R. 20: amiculum, Nep. Dat. 3; cf. pannus, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 25: fenus, Prop. 3 (4), 1, 22.(for which: magnum fenus, Tib. 2, 6, 22). With quam in post-Aug. prose, for alterum tantum, twice as much as, Col. 1, 8, 8: duplex quam ceteris pretium, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 9; Quint. 2, 3, 3. Trop. Of words, of a double sense, ambiguous: verba dubia et quasi duplicia, Quint. 9, 2, 69. In poets, like the Gr. διπλοῦς, of character, qs. double-tongued, double-faced, i. e. false, deceitful: Ulixes, Hor. C. 1, 6, 7: Amathusia, Cat. 68, 51; so, animo, Vulg. Jacob. 1, 8; 4, 8.
Adv.: dū^-plĭcĭter, doubly, on two accounts, Lucr. 6, 510; Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104; id. Fam. 9, 20: res conscriptae, ambiguously, Arn. 5, p. 182; Vulg. Sirach, 23, 13.

duplicarius
dū^plĭcārĭus, ii, m. duplex, a soldier who receives double pay as a reward, Varr. L. L. 5, § 90 Müll.; Liv. 2, 59 fin.; Inscr. Orell. 3533; 4994 (cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 53 fin.; Liv. 7, 37; and 24, 47); also written DUPLICIARIUS, Inscr. Orell. 3534; see also duplaris.

duplicatio
dū^plĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. duplico, a doubling (post-Aug.): radiorum, i. e. reflection, Sen. Q. N. 4, 8; Dig. 9, 4, 31: temporis, ib. 48, 19, 8. Esp., As arithm. t. t., a doubling, multiplication by two, Mart. Cap. 7, § 750. As jurid. t. t., the answering of one objection by another, turning an objection upon an adversary, Gai. 4, 127. As rhet. fig., = ἀναδίπλωσις, the repetition of a word in beginning a clause, Ruf. Schem. Lex. § 8.

duplicato
dū^plĭcāto, adv., twice as much, v. duplico fin.

duplicator
dū^plĭcātor, ōris, m. duplico, a doubler, magnifier, Sid. Ep. 3, 13.

dupliciarius
duplĭcĭārĭus, v. duplicarius.

duplicitas
dū^plĭcĭtas, ātis, f. duplex, a being double, doubleness (late Lat.): aurium, Lact. Opif. Dei 8: narium, id. ib. 10.

dupliciter
dū^plĭcĭter, adv., doubly, on two accounts, v. duplex fin.

duplico
dū^plĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 (u long, Verg. E. 2, 67), v. a. duplex, to double (class.) Lit.: numerum dierum, Cic. N. D. 1, 22; so, numerum, id. Rep. 2, 20 (twice); Caes. B. G. 4, 36, 2; Tac. H. 2, 30: modum hastae, Nep. Iphicr. 1 fin.: exercitum, Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf. copias, Liv. 7, 7: fructum, Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 1; cf.: reditum pretio, Col. 12, 52, 2: rem, Pers. 6, 78: stipendium legionibus in perpetuum, Suet. Caes. 26: tributa, id. Vesp. 16: verba, i. e. to repeat, Cic. Or. 39, 135 (with iterare); id. Part. 6, 20 sq.; also, to form a bipartite word, to compound (e. g. androgynus): faciliore ad duplicanda verba Graeco sermone, Liv. 27, 11. Transf. (Acc. to duplex, I. B. 3.), to double, i. e. to enlarge, augment, increase: mobilitas duplicatur, Lucr. 6, 337: duplicato ejus diei itinere, Caes. B. C. 3, 76 fin.; cf. cursu, id. ib. 3, 92, 2: et sol crescentes decedens duplicat umbras, Verg. E. 2, 67; cf. Ov. M. 11, 550: duplicata nimbo flumina, id. Am. 1, 9, 11: ut in dies magis magisque haec nascens de me duplicetur opinio, Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2: curam, Sall. Or. Cottae, p. 245 ed. Gerl.; cf. sollicitudines, Lucei. in Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2: bellum, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 2, 67. In poets and in post-Aug. prose meton. (effectu pro causa), to double up, to bow, bend a person or thing: nos duplicat timos, Naev. ap. Non. p. 487 (Trag. v. 45 Rib.): duplicato poplite, Verg. A. 12, 927: corpus frigore, Val. Max. 5, 1, 1 ext.: virum dolore, Verg. A. 11, 645; Ov. M. 6, 293; Stat. Th. 3, 89; 6, 859. To double by dividing, to split in two, tear apart, tear (late Lat.): capillum, Cels. 7, 7, 8: vesicam, id. 7, 26, 2 fin. al.
Hence, * dū^plĭcāto, adv., twice as much: degredi, Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 76.

duplio
dū^plĭo, ōnis, m. duplus, the double of any thing (very rare), XII. Tab. ap. Fest. S. V. VINDICIAE, p. 376, 30 Müll.; Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 12; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 13 Müll. Esp., the double of the perfect number, six, i. e. twelve, = διπλασίων; cf. Vitr. 3, 1, 6.

duplo
dū^plo, āre, v. a. id., to double (only in jurid. Lat., for the class. duplico), Dig. 40, 12, 20; Gai. ib. 38, 10, 3; cf.: duplabis duplicabis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 76, 2 Müll.

duplo
dū^plo, adv., doubly, v. duplus fin.

duplus
dū^plus, a, um, adj. duplex, double, twice as large, twice as much. Adj.: dupla et tripla intervalla, Cic. Univ. 7: pars, id. ib.: scrobes, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 751 P.: pecunia, Liv. 29, 19: donativum, Suet. Dom. 2. Subst. dū^plum, i, n., the double of any thing: a terra ad lunam centum viginti sex milia stadiorum esse, ab ea usque ad solem duplum, Plin. 2, 21, 19, § 83; Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 56: furem dupli condemnari, feneratorem quadrupli, Cato R. R. praef.; Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65: decrevit, ut, si judicatum negaret, in duplum iret, id. Fl. 21: in duplum, Dig. 40, 12, 20 al.: duplo major, Plin. 27, 11, 74, § 98. dū^pla, ae, f. (sc. pecunia), a double price, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 39; Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 5; Dig. 21, 1, 31, § 20; cf. ib. 21, 2, 6 tit.: de evictionibus et duplae stipulatione.
Hence, adv.: dū^plo, doubly, twofold, Vulg. Matt. 23, 15.

dupondiarius
dū^pondĭārĭus, a, um, adj. dupondius, containing two asses. Prop.: orbiculus, Col. 4, 30, 4.
Subst.: dŭpondĭ-ārĭus, ii, m. (sc. nummus), a two-as piece, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4. Transf., like diobolaris, worth two coppers, i. e. worthless, bad: dominus, Petr. 58, 5: homo, id. 74, 15.

dupondius
dū^pondĭus, ii, m., or dŭpondĭum, ii (cf. Varr. L. L. 9, 49, § 81; also, dĭpon-dĭum, Gromat. Vet. p. 28, 14; p. 167, 11), n. duo-pondus, the sum of two asses. As a coin, Varr. L. L. 5, § 169; 9, § 81 Müll.; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42; Cic. Quint. 16, 53; Petr. 14, 3 al. Transf., need, want, Petr. 58, 13. As a measure, two feet, Col. 3, 13, 5; 3, 15, 2 et saep.

durabilis
dūrābĭlis, e, adj. duro, lasting, durable (rare; not ante-Aug.): quod caret alterna requie durabile non est, Ov. H. 4, 89; Col. 12, 38, 7; 12, 55, 1: vox, Quint. 11, 3, 23 al.
Comp.: durabilior materies, App. Mag. p. 314, 13.
Sup. does not occur.
Adv.: dūrābĭlĭter, in a lasting manner, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 9.

durabilitas
dūrābĭlĭtas, ātis, f. durabilis, lastingness, durability (late Lat.): frumentorum, Pall. 1, 36, 2.

duracinus
dūrăcĭnus, a, um, adj. durus-acinus, orig. of the grape, hard-berried, hard (only fit for eating): uva, Cato R. R. 7, 2; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 14; Suet. Aug. 76; Mart. 13, 22; cf. vites, Col. 3, 2, 1.
Transf., of other fruits: persica, Plin. 15, 12, 11, § 39; id. 15, 28, 34, § 113; Pall. Febr. 25, 32: cerasa, Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 103.

duramen
dūrāmen, ĭnis, n. duro, hardness, concr. (very rare): aquarum, i. e. ice, Lucr. 6, 530.
Of a hardened or ligneous vinebranch, see the foll., I.

duramentum
dūrāmentum, i, n. id., a hardening in concreto. Lit., a hardened, i. e. ligneous vine-branch, Col. 4, 21, 1; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208; Pall. Febr. 12, 1.
Called also duramen, Col. 4, 22, 1. Transf., a means of hardening, stimulus: humanae imbecillitatis efficacissimum duramentum est necessitas, Val. Max. 2, 7, 10. Trop., firmness (with robur), Sen. Tranq. An. 1.

Duranius
Dŭrănĭus, ii, m., a river in Gallia, now Dordogne, Auson. Idyll. 9, 464; Sidon. Carm. 22, 103.

durateus
dūrătĕus, a, um, adj., = δονράτεος, wooden, only of the Trojan horse: equus, Lucr. 1, 477 (the Homeric ἵππος δονράτεος, Od. 8, 493; 512); cf. durius.

durator
dūrātor, ōris, m. duro, one who hardens, a hardener, Pac. Pan. Theod. 33.

duratrix
dūrātrix, īcis, adj. f. [durator], that renders durable, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 17.

dure
dūre, adv., hardly, v. durus fin.

dureo
dūrĕo, ēre, 2, v. n. durus, to be hard, Serv. Verg. E. 1, 91; Prisc. 800 P.

duresco
dūresco, rui, 3, v. inch. n., to grow hard, to harden. Prop.: durescit humor, * Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26; so in the praes.: limus, Verg. E. 8, 80: campus, id. G. 1, 72: corpus, Ov. M. 8, 607: curalium, id. ib. 15, 417: oraque duruerant, id. ib. 2, 831: durescente materia, Tac. G. 45. Trop.: in alicujus lectione, qs. to become ossified, Quint. 2, 5, 21; 10, 5, 16.

dureta
durēta, ae, f. a Span. word, a wooden bathing-tub, Suet. Aug. 82 fin.

duricordia
dūrĭcordĭa, ae, f. durus-cor, hardheartedness (eccl. Lat.), Tert. adv. Marc. 5, 4; 13.

duricorius
dūrĭcŏrĭus, a, um, adj. durus-corium, hard-skinned: ficus, Cloatius ap. Macr. S. 2, 16.

Duris
Duris, is, m., a Greek author, of Samos, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 18; Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 30 al.

duritas
dūrĭtas, ātis, f. durus, hardness, harshness: orationis (with severitas), Cic. Or. 16 fin.

duriter
dūrĭter, adv., hardly, etc., v. durus fin.

duritia
dūrĭtĭa, ae (also rarely dūrĭtĭes, Cels. 3, 24; 6, 18, 6 al.; acc.: duritiem, * Lucr. 4. 268; Cat. 66, 50; Ov. M. 1, 401; 4, 751; id. H. 4, 85 Jahn. N. cr.; abl.: duritie, Plin. Pan. 82, 6; Suet. Ner. 34), f. durus, hardness. Lit. In gen.: saxi, Lucr. 4, 269; cf. Ov. M. 1, 401; and 4, 751: ferri, Cat. 66, 50: adamantina, Plin. 37, 11, 73, § 189: lactis coacti, id. 23, 7, 64, § 126: pellis, Ov. M. 3, 64 sq. et saep. Esp., in medic. lang., induration: praecordiorum, Cels. 3, 24: alvi, Suet. Ner. 34: vulvarum, Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 250 al.
In the plur., Plin. 23, 4, 40, § 82 sq.; 28, 15, 60, § 212; 25, 5, 22, § 55; 28, 17, 70, § 234 al. Of wine, hardness, harsh flavor, opp. suavitas, Plin. 14, 7, 9, § 74. Trop. (Acc. to durus, II. A.) A severe mode of life, rigor, austerity: in parsimonia atque in duritia atque industria omnem adolescentiam meam abstinui, agro colendo, etc., Cato ap. Fest. S. V. REPASTINARI, p. 281, 23 Müll.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 75; id. Truc. 2, 2, 56; * Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3; Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 74; id. Part. 23, 81; Sall. J. 100, 5; Tac. A. 6, 34; Plin. Pan. 82, 6 al.; cf. transf.: qui patientiam et duritiam in Socratico sermone maxime adamārat, Cic. de Or. 3, 17. Absence of feeling, insensibility: eam animi duritiam, sicut corporis, quod cum uritur non sentit, etc., Cic. Dom. 36, 97; cf. id. ib. 38, 101: duritiā ferrum ut superes adamantaque, Ov. H. 2, 137; so in eccl. Lat. freq. cordis, Vulg. Matt. 19, 8; and duritia alone: populi, id. Deut. 9, 27. (Acc. to durus, II.) Harshness, strictness, rigor: tua duritia antiqua, * Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; Prop. 3, 12, 20 (4, 11, 20 M.).
Poet.: duritiae mihi non agerere reus, Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 46; cf.: oris, qui depudere didicerat, Sen. Const. Sap. 17. (Acc. to durus, II. B.) Hardness, oppressiveness, severity: duritia lenitasve multarum (legum), Suet. Claud. 14; so, imperii, Tac. H. 1, 23: operum, id. A. 1, 35; cf.: caeli militiaeque, id. ib. 13, 35.

durities
dūrĭtĭes, v. duritia init.

duritudo
dūrĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. durus, II. B., harshness, cruelty, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 2, 20; id. ap. Non. 100, 23.

durius
dūrĭus or dūrēus, a, um, adj., = δούριος or δούρειος, equus, the Trojan horse, Aur. Vict. Orig. 1; Paul. ex Fest. p. 82, 12.
Poet. transf.: duria nox, i. e. the night in which the Greeks descended from the interior of the horse, Val. Fl. 2, 573; cf. durateus.

Durius
Dŭrĭus, ii, m. (Dūrĭa, ae, m., Claud. in Laud. Ser. Reg. 72), one of the principal rivers of Spain, now the Douro, Mel. 3, 1, 7 sq.; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112 sq.; Sil. 1, 234 al.

duriusculus
dūrĭuscŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [durus, II. A.], somewhat hard, rough, or harsh (perh. only in the foll. passages).
Of expression: Catullus, Plin. H. N. praef. § 2; cf. versus, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 5.

duro
dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. durus, to make hard, to harden (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.). Lit. Act.: quae nobis durata ac spissa videntur, Haec, etc., Lucr. 2, 444; so in the part. perf.: coria (with condurare ferrum), id. 6, 970; cf. cutis, Ov. M. 4, 577: caementa calce (opp. interlita luto), Liv. 21, 11: ova in aqua, Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 45: pontus frigore, Ov. P. 4, 9, 85: nives solo, Hor. C. 3, 24, 39: aqua salibus, i. e. strongly saturated, Col. 7, 4 fin., v. durus, I.: ungulas (mularum), id. 6, 37, 11: ferrum ictibus, Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 149: guttas in grana, id. 12, 19, 42, § 94: uvam fumo, i. e. to dry, preserve, Hor. S. 2, 4, 72.
In medic. lang.: corpus, i. e. to bind, make costive, opp. mollire, Cels. 2, 14; cf. id. 2, 33 fin.
In fullers' lang., to harden, stiffen or full cloth: Art. Non queo durare. Par. Si non didicisti fulloniam, non mirandumst, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 57 (with a punning reference to the meaning II. A. 2.). Neutr.: tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto Coeperit, i. q. durescere, Verg. E. 6, 35; so, vino minime durante, uva maxime, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 37. Trop. (Acc. to durus, II. A. 2.). Act., to harden with use or labor, etc.; to make hardy or callous, to inure (class.): opere in duro membra manusque, Lucr. 5, 1359; cf.: membra animumque, Hor. S. 1, 4, 119: umeros ad vulnera, Verg. G. 3, 257: hoc se labore durant homines adolescentes, * Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 3; cf.: exercitum crebris expeditionibus, patientiaque periculorum, Vell. 2, 78, 2: cor, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 6; cf. mentem, Tac. A. 3, 15 al.: ab duratis usu armorum pulsi, Liv. 7, 29; so in the part., id. 23, 18; 30, 28: durati bellis, id. 42, 52: vitia durantur, grow inveterate, Quint. 1, 1, 37. Neutr. (so most freq.), to be hardened, inured to troubles, i. e. to be patient, to wait, persevere; to endure, hold out: durare nequeo in aedibus, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 1; cf. id. Men. 5, 2, 31; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 15; Liv. 5, 2, 7; 38, 7 fin.; Quint. 11, 3, 23; Verg. A. 9, 604; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82 al.; cf. impers., Liv. 10, 46: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis, Verg. A. 1, 207; cf. Suet. Calig. 45; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 27 al.: nequeo durare, quin, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 22: durare nequeo quin intro eam, id. Mil. 4, 6, 34; Suet. Claud. 26. With acc., to bear, endure (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): patior quemvis durare laborem, Verg. A. 8, 577: quascumque vias, Stat. S. 5, 2, 153; and of inanimate subjects: sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possunt imperiosius Aequor, Hor. C. 1, 14, 7; cf.: (vitis genus) quod siccitatem durat et ventos, Pall. Febr. 9, 1. With inf.: non quis parumper durare opperier, Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 5. In gen., to hold out, to continue in existence, to last, remain (very freq.): Ar. Ubi illaec (talenta) quae dedi ante? Cl. Abusa. Num si ea durarent mihi, etc., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44: uti quam diutissime durent oleae, Cato R. R. 58; 104; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 3: omnem durare per aevom, Lucr. 3, 605; cf. id. 3, 812; Verg. G. 2, 100; Suet. Calig. 6 al.: neque post mortem durare videtur (corpus), Lucr. 3, 339; cf. ib. 561: ad posteros virtus durabit, Quint. 3, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 11, 18; 3, 1, 9; 5, 11, 41: maneat quaeso duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at certe odium sui, Tac. G. 33: durante originis vi, id. Agr. 11; cf. Petr. 96, 3: durante bello, Tac. A. 14, 39; so with adhuc, Suet. Gramm. 24; cf.: munera, quibus donatus est, durant, ostendunturque adhuc Bais, are still in existence, id. Tib. 6 et saep.
With inf.: ut vivere durent, Luc. 4, 519; so Sil. 10, 653; 11, 75; Petr. 41, 2.
In Tacitus sometimes of persons, for vivere, to live: narratum ab iis, qui nostram ad juventam duraverunt, Tac. A. 3, 16; id. Or. 17; id. Agr. 44. And once in the same author (acc. to the better reading) of extension in space: durant colles (= continuantur, ultra porriguntur; French, s'y prolongent), extend continuously to the frontier, Germ. 30. (Acc. to durus, II. B.) Act., to render hard, callous, insensible; to dull, to blunt (rare and perh. not ante-Aug.): aerea dehinc ferro (Juppiter) duravit saecula, Hor. Epod. 16, 65: ad plagas durari, Quint. 1, 3, 14 (cf. § 12: quae in pravam induruerunt): ad omne facinus durato, Tac. H. 4, 59.
Of the affections, Vulg. Job, 39, 16.
Pass.: linguae vitia, inemendabili in posterum pravitate durantur, to become confirmed, incurable, Quint. 1, 1, 37. Neutr., to be hard, stern, callous, insensible (rare and not ante-Aug.): ut non durat (pater) ultra poenam abdicationis, Quint. 9, 2, 88: in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, Tac. A. 1, 6; Petr. 105 fin.; cf.: usque ad caedem ejus duratura filii odia, Tac. A. 14, 1 fin.

Durocortorum
Dūrŏcortŏrum, i, n., Δουρικόρτορα, the capital of the Remi in Gallia Belgica, now Rheims, Caes. B. G. 6, 44, 1.

Duronius
Duronius, ii, m., a Roman proper name, Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 274 al.

durus
dūrus, a, um, adj. etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm, hard. Lit. Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling: et validi silices ac duri robora ferri, Lucr. 2, 449; so, silex, Verg. A. 6, 471: ferrum, Hor. C. 3, 11, 31: cautes, Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672: bipennes, Hor. C. 4, 4, 57: ligones, id. Epod. 5, 30: aratrum, id. S. 1, 1, 28: compes, id. Epod. 4, 4: pellis, Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502: arva, id. ib. 2, 341; cf. cutis, Ov. M. 8, 805: alvus, Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf. muria, saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria: dumeta, i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.: gallina, tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.: fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient, Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.
Sup.: ladanum durissimum tactu, Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.: durissimus tophus vel carbunculus, Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.
As subst.: dūrum, i, n. E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum. Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2. Transf. As affecting the sense of taste: vinum, opp. suavis, hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.: sapor Bacchi, Verg. G. 4, 102: acetum, Ser. Samm. 40 and 351. As affecting the ear: vocis genera permulta: ... grave acutum, flexibile durum, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.
Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.): aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio, Quint. 8, 6, 62: consonantes, id. 11, 3, 35: syllabae, id. 12, 10, 30: verba, id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72: compositio, id. 9, 4, 142. Trop. Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated: Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus, Cic. Brut. 31; cf.: (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus, id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29: Attilius poëta durissimus, id. Att. 14, 20, 3: C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur, id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.: pictor durus in coloribus, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.: terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis, id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8. But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets): fortes et duri Spartiatae, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.: Ligures, durum in armis genus, Liv. 27, 48: durum genus experiensque laborum, hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414: unde homines nati, durum genus, Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. λᾶας and λαός, Pind. Ol. 9, 71): gens dura atque aspera cultu, a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730: genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset, Lucr. 5, 926: Dardanidae, Verg. A. 3, 94: Hannibal, Hor. C. 2, 12, 2: Iberia, id. ib. 4, 14, 50: vindemiator, id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.: ilia messorum, id. Epod. 3, 4: juvenci, Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate: quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc., Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.: quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc., id. Arch. 8: neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt, id. Lael. 13 fin.; ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili, Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12: satis pater durus fui, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17: Varius qui est habitus judex durior, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4: mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis, Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere): duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis, Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7: quid nos dura refugimus aetas? id. ib. 1, 35, 34: ōs durum, shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451: cor, Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A. Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate: opulento homini hoc servitus dura est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so, servitus, Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf. lex, Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1: condicio, Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.: provincia, Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf. partes, id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A: dolor, Lucr. 3, 460: labor, id. 5, 1272: subvectiones, Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1: venatus, Ov. M. 4, 307: dura cultu et aspera plaga, Liv. 45, 30 fin.: durissimo tempore anni, Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.: morbum acrem ac durum, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf. valetudo, Hor. S. 2, 2, 88: dolores, Verg. A. 5, 5: frigus, Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10: fames, Hor. S. 1, 2, 6: pauperies, id. C. 4, 9, 49: causa, Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26: nomen (opp. molle), Cic. Off. 1, 12: verbum, id. Brut. 79, 274: propositio, Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf. ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini ... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc., Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties: siccis omnia dura deus proposuit, Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522: ego dura tuli, Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).
Comp.: hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant, if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.
Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre. (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly: juga premunt duriter colla (boum), Vitr. 10, 8.
Comp.: durius, Vitr. 10, 15 fin. (Acc. to II. A.-C.) Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly: membra moventes Duriter, Lucr. 5, 1401: duriter, Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15: dure, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.
Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117. Hardily, rigorously, austerely: vitam parce ac duriter agebat, Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512. Harshly, roughly, sternly: quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit, Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.: duriter, Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.
Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.
Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1. Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately: durius cadentibus rebus, Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

Dusaritis
Dūsaritis myrrha, a kind of myrrh, Plin. 12, 16, 35, § 69.

dusmosus
dusmōsus, a, um, v. dumosus.

duumvir
dŭumvir, v. dŭ, vir.

duumvira
dŭumvĭra, ae, f. duumvir, the wife of a duumvir, Renier, Inscr. Afr. 3914.

duumviralicius
dŭumvĭrālicius, ii, m. duumviralis, one who has been a duumvir, Inscr. Orell. 3721 (Momms. 635; 189).

duumviralis
dŭumvĭrālis, e, adj. duumviri, of or belonging to a duumvir, duumviral. Adj.: POTESTATE, Inscr. Fabr. p. 29, 129.
More freq., Subst.: duumviralis, is, m., one who has been a auumvir, Dig. 50, 3, 1; Inscr. Orell. 3727; 3816.

duumviralitas
dŭumvĭrālĭtas, ātis, f. duumviralis, the office and dignity of a duumvir, duumvirate, Cod. Just. 5, 27, 1.

duumviratus
dŭumvĭrātus (also DVOMVIR., Inscr. Momms. 2378), ūs, m. duumviri, the office of a duumvir, duumvirate, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 1; Dig. 50, 3, 1; Inscr. Orell. 3817 (Momms. 2096; 4059).

duumviri
dŭumvĭri, v. duovir.

duumviri
dŭumvĭri, v. duumvir.

dux
dux, dŭcis, com. duco, a leader, conductor, guide (for syn. cf.: imperator, ductor, tyrannus, rex, princeps, praetor, auctor). In gen.: illis non ducem locorum, non exploratorem fuisse, Liv. 9, 5, 7; cf. itineris, Curt. 5, 4: itinerum, Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1: regendae civitatis (with auctor publici consilii), Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 63: dux isti quondam et magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum fuit, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21: nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro, Hor. C. 1, 7, 27: tu dux et comes es, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 119; id. P. 4, 12, 23 et saep.
In the fem., Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Lael. 5, 19; id. Div. 2, 40; id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; Verg. A. 1, 364; Ov. M. 3, 12; 14, 121 et saep. In partic., in milit. lang., a leader, commander, general-in-chief. Prop., Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 2; 2, 23, 4 (with qui summam imperii tenebat); 3, 18, 7; 3, 23, 3 et saep.
Prov.: ducis in consilio posita est virtus militum, Pub. Syr. 136 (Rib.). Also a lieutenant-general, general of division (cf. duco, I. B. 5. b., and imperator), as opp. to the imperator, Caes. B. G. 3, 21, 1; Cic. Off. 3, 26, 99; id. Fl. 12, 27; Tac. H. 3, 37 al. Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, a leader, chief, head: dux regit examen, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 23; cf. gregis, i. e. aries, Ov. M. 5, 327; 7, 311; so, pecoris, Tib. 2, 1, 58; but dux gregis = pastor, id. 1, 10, 10: armenti, i. e. taurus, Ov. M. 8, 884; of the head of a sect of philosophers, Lucr. 1, 638; cf. Quint. 5, 13, 59; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13.