B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, β), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh (v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. β, but freq. also with π, and, in the middle of words, with φ; cf. brevis, βραχύς; ab, ἀπό; carbasus, κάρπασος; ambo, ἀμφί, ἄμφω; nubes, νέφος, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = )/Αραψ, χάλυψ), the Gr. ψ was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = δοιός, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. πίω), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo κύπτω, lambo for λάπτω, nimbus for νέφος; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for φάλαινα, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for ἄμφω; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).
In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.
The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for βάλανος, bilis for fel or χολή) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, τήκω, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and τέρετρον, uber and οὖθαρ; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.
Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.
As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822: B. M. = bene merenti, ib. 99; 114; 506: B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit, ib. 255: B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae, ib. 2437: B. V. V. = bene vale valeque, ib. 4816: B. M. = bonae memoriae, ib. 1136; 3385: B. M. = bonā mente, ib. 5033; sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii, ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al.

Baal
Bā^al, m., indecl. (lord), a Syrian deity: Bāal, Prud. Apoth. 393: Băal, Sedul. 5, 147; Vulg. 3 Reg. 18, 19 sqq.

babae
băbae or păpae, interj., = βαβαί or παπαί, an exclamation of wonder and joy, odds bodkins! wonderful! strange! Form babae: huic babae! basilice te intulisti et facete, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 25; so id. Ps. 1, 3, 131; id. Cas. 5, 2, 26; id. Ep. 1, 1, 52; v. under II.; Petr. 37, 9. Form papae: Ep. Cadum tibi veteris vini propino. St. Papae! Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 24; 5, 7, 3; id. Rud. 5, 2, 33; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 20; Ter Eun. 2, 1, 23; 2, 2, 48; 3, 1, 26.

Babba
Babba, ae, f., a town in Mauritania, called, as a Roman colony, Julia Campestris, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 5.

Babel
Babel, ēlis, f., the capital city of Assyria, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 3, 11; cf. Vulg. Gen. 11, 9.

Babia
Babĭa, ae, f., a town of Lower Italy, Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 69.

Babilus
Babilus, i, m., an astronomer of the time of Nero, Suet. Ner. 36.

Babullius
Babullĭus, ii, m., a rich friend of Cœsar, Cic. Att. 13, 48, 1.

Babylon
Băbylōn, ōnis, f. (gen. Gr. Babylonos, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 653; acc. Gr. Babylona, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 21; Mart. 9, 76; Plin. 6, 26, 30, §§ 120 and 124), = Βαβυλών, Babylon, the ancient and renowned chief city of Babylonia, on both sides of the Euphrates, whose ruins are found at Hille, in Irak Arabi, Mel. 1, 11, 2; Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 121 sq.; Curt. 5, 6, 9; Cic. Div. 1, 23, 47; 2, 67, 139; Ov. P. 2, 4, 27; Nep. Eum. 2, 1; Vitr. 8, 3, 8; Vulg. Gen. 10, 10. Derivv. Băbylō-nĭa, ae, f., = Βαβυλωνία. The Syrian province, named after its capital, Babylon, between the Euphrates and Tigris, Babylonia; in a more extended sense, sometimes used for all Syria, Assyria, and Mesopotamia; now Irak Arabi, Mel. 1, 11, 1; Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 117 sqq.; Curt. 5, 1, 43; 8, 3, 17; Just. 20, 4, 3; Vulg. 1 Macc. 6, 4. For Babylon, the city Babylon, Just. 1, 2, 7; 12, 13, 6; cf. Liv. 38, 17, 11; Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Curt. 4, 6, 20. Băbylōnĭus, a, um, adj., Babylonian (pertaining as well to the city Babylon as to Babylonia): miles, Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 19: Euphrates, Ov. M. 2, 248: moenia, Luc. 6, 50: arx, Curt. 5, 1, 25: Seleucia, situated in Babylonia, Plin. 6, 27, 31, §§ 129 and 133: juncus (produced in the region of Babylon, of particular excellence), id. 21, 18, 72, § 120.
Subst.: Băbylōnĭi, ōrum, m., the Babylonians, Cic. Div. 2, 46; Curt. 5, 1, 25; 5, 1, 38; Just. 13, 4, 23; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 30 al. In fem. sing. Babylonia, a Babylonian woman, Ov. M. 4, 44; 4, 99.
And, since Babylonia was the primitive seat of astronomy and astrology, Babylonii numeri, Hor. C. 1, 11, 2 (cf. Cic. Div. 2, 47. 98: Chaldaicae rationes); and appel. for skilled in astronomy and astrology: me creat Archytae suboles Babylonius Horops, Prop. 4 (5), 1, 77. Băbylōnĭcus, a, um, adj., = Babylonius, Babylonian: peristromata (skilfully woven and inwrought with figures; cf. Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196); Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53; so, picta superbe texta, Mart. 8, 28, 17.
Hence, subst.: Băbylōnĭca, ōrum (more rare in sing. Băbylōnĭ-cum, i, Publ. Syr. ap. Petr. 35, 3), n., Babylonian coverings or tapestry, Lucr. 4, 1026; so Dig. 34, 2, 26; cf. Fest. s. v. solla, p. 298 Müll.: pelles, coming from Babylonia (a tribute in the time of the emperors), Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7.
With reference to astrology (cf. II. B.): doctrina, Lucr. 5, 726. Băbylōnĭensis, e, adj., = Babylonius, Babylonian (only in Plaut.): miles, Truc. 1, 1, 66; 1, 2, 100; 2, 4, 38. Băbylō-nĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Babylonius, Babylonian: undae, i. e. the Euphrates, Manil. 4, 578.

baca
bāca (less correctly bacca), ae, f. acc. to Benfey, for bacsa, kindred with Sanscr. bhaksh, edere, vorare; cf. also bhaxa, food; but v. Vaniček, Etym. Wörterb. 2, p. 561, a small round fruit, a berry. Lit. In gen. (cf.: acinus, glans): virgas murteas cum bacis servare, Cato, R. R. 101; Ov. M. 11, 234: lauri, Verg. G. 1, 306: tinus, Ov. M. 10, 98: ebuli, Verg. E. 10, 27: cupressi, Plin. 16, 27, 50, § 115: platani, id. 15, 7, 7, § 29: hyssopi, id. 26, 12, 76, § 124 al. Esp. freq. the olive: agricola cum florem oleae videt, bacam quoque se visurum putat, Cic. Div. 2, 6, 16; Hor. S. 2, 4, 69; id. Ep. 1, 16, 2; Ov. M. 6, 81; 8, 295; cf. Mart. 13, 101. Esp., absol., in the poets of the olive, Hor. C. 2, 6, 16: quot Sicyon bacas, quot parit Hybla favos, Ov. P. 4, 15, 10.
As sacred to Minerva: ponitur hic bicolor sincerae baca Minervae, Ov. M. 8, 664; 13, 653.
And of the fruit of the wild olive-tree, Ov. M. 14, 525; cf. Verg. G. 2, 183. Transf. In gen., any fruit of a tree, * Lucr. 5, 1363: arbores seret diligens agricola, quarum aspiciet bacam ipse numquam, Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31: fruges terrae, bacaeque arborum, id. Div. 1, 51, 116; so id. Sen. 2, 5: rami bacarum ubertate incurvescere, id. poët. ap. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (Trag. Rel. inc. inc. v. 135 Rib.); cf. id. de Or. 3, 38, 154: semen inclusum est in intimā parte earum bacarum, quae ex quāque stirpe funduntur, id. N. D. 2, 51, 127: fruges atque bacae, id. Leg. 1, 8, 25: felices, Sil. 15, 535. That which is like a berry in shape. A pearl: marita, quae Onusta bacis ambulet, Hor. Epod. 8, 14: aceto Diluit insignem bacam, id. S. 2, 3, 241; so Ov. M. 10, 116; 10, 265; Verg. Cul. 67; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 592; id. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 167; id. Laud. Stil. 2, 88; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 528. The dung of sheep or goats, Pall. Jan. 14, 3. A link of a chain in the shape of a berry, Prud. στεφ. 1, 46; so id. Psych. prooem. 33.

bacalia
bācālĭa, ae. f. baca, a kind of laurel abounding in berries, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 129.

bacalis
bācālis, e, adj. id., bearing berries: laurus, Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 60.

bacatus
bācātus, a, um, Part. of a verb not otherwise in use, bāco, āre baca, II. B. 1., set or adorned with pearls, pearl- (very rare): monile, * Verg. A. 1, 655; Sil. 8, 134; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 41.

Baccha
Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Βάκχη; cf. also Μαινάς or Θυϊάς, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69; v. Bacchus).
Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2: Bacchis initiare aliquem, to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2; 39, 14, 8.
In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis.
Hence, Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Βάκχειος, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian: vox, Col. 10, 223: sanguis, spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328: bella, id. ib. 12, 791.

Baccha
Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.

bacchabundus
bacchābundus, a, um, adj. bacchor, revelling in the manner of the Bacchantes, boisterous, noisy, ranting, raving (post-Aug. and rare; cf. bacchans): agmen, Curt. 9, 10, 27; App. Mag. p. 326, 8.

Bacchanalis
Bacchānālis, e, adj. Bacchus, relating to Bacchus, Bacchanalian: sacra, Val. Max. 1, 3, n. 1: festum = Bacchanalia, Macr. S. 1, 4; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.

Baccheis
Bacchēĭs, ĭdis, adj. f., of or pertaining to Bacchis, the ancestor of the Corinthian Bacchiadœ; hence, poet. for Corinthian: Ephyres Baccheidos altum Culmen, i. e. Corinth, Stat. S. 2, 2, 34.

bacchor
bacchor, ātus (part. pres. gen. plur. bacchantum; v. I. fin. infra), 1, v. dep. Bacchus. Lit., to celebrate the festival of Bacchus: Baccha bacchans, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71: saxea ut effigies bacchantis prospicit Evoe, i. e. which cries Evoe in the orgies, Cat. 64, 61; 64, 255: cum aliquo, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 8.
Hence, P. a. as subst.: bacchan-tes, um, f., Bacchae, the Bacchantes: passis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu, Ov.M. 7, 258; 3, 703; Curt. 8, 10, 15; gen. Bacchantium, id. 9, 10, 24. Pass. (as in later Gr. βακχεύεσθαι, βακχευθῆναι) of the place in which the orgies of Bacchus were celebrated: virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta, Verg. G. 2, 487 Heyn.: bacchata jugis Naxos, id. A. 3, 125: Dindyma sanguineis famulum bacchata lacertis, Val. Fl. 3, 20: ita obsoletum sono furenter ab omni parti bacchatur nemus, Santra ap. Non. p. 78, 28: ululatibus Ide bacchatur, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 206. Transf., in gen., to revel, rave, rant, like the Bacchœ (of every species of mental excitement, love, hatred, joy, etc.; mostly poet. and in more elevated prose): quibus gaudiis exsultabis? quantā in voluptate bacchabere? Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26: furor in vestrā caede bacchantis, id. ib. 4, 6, 11; id. Har. Resp. 18, 39: non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis, Hor. C. 2, 7, 26; Col. poët. 10, 198; * Suet. Calig. 56; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 213; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 192.
Of murderous fury: tantā in illos caede bacchati sunt, Vulg. Judic. 20, 25.
So of poet. inspiration, Stat. S. 1, 2, 258; and with carmen as object: grande Sophocleo carmen bacchamur hiatu, Juv. 6, 636; cf.: furebant Euhoe bacchantes, raving to the cry of Euhoe, Cat. 64, 255; 64, 61.
Also, to go or run about in a wanton, wild, raving, or furious manner: animans Omne, quod in magnis bacchatur montibu' passim, * Lucr. 5, 822: saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem Bacchatur, Verg. A. 4, 301 ( = discursitat, Heyne): immanis in antro Bacchatur vates, raves, is inspired, id. ib. 6, 78; 7, 385: infelix virgo totā bacchatur in urbe, id. Cir. 166.
Hence, Transf. to inanimate things, to be furious, rage with fury, etc., to be impetuous, etc. So of a vessel of wine that is filled very often: ubi bacchabatur aula, casabant cadi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 41 Lorenz ad loc. Of winds: Thracio bacchante magis sub interlunia vento, Hor. C. 1, 25, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 29.
Of violent rain, Val. Fl. 6, 632. Of a rumor: concussam bacchatur fama per urbem, spreads rapidly, Verg A. 4, 666. Of enthusiastic, raging discourse: quod eos, quorum altior oratio actioque esset ardentior furere et bacchari arbitraretur, Cic. Brut. 80, 276: vitiosum dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur, etc., Quint. 12, 10, 73.

Bacchus
Bacchus, i, m., = Βάκχος, son of Jupiter and a Theban woman, Semele, Tib. 3, 4, 45; Ov. F. 6, 485: bis genitus (since, as Semele died before his birth, he was carried about by Jupiter in his hip until the time of his maturity), Curt. 8, 10, 12, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 26; cf. id. M. 3, 310, and bimatris, id. ib. 4, 12; v. also Cic. Fl. 26, 60; Verg. G. 4, 521; the god of wine (as such also called Liber, the deliverer, Lyæus (λύειν), the care-dispeller; cf. Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P., or Trag. Rel. v. 149 Vahl.; cf Hor. Epod. 9, 38; as intoxicating and inspiring, he is god of poets, esp. of the highly inspired, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 23; 3, 15, 17; id. Tr. 5, 3, 33 sq.; Hor. C. 2, 19, 1; Juv. 7, 64; who wore crowns of ivy, which was consecrated to him, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 15: Bacchica verba (poëtae), id ib. 1, 7, 2.
He was worshipped esp. in Thrace and Macedonia, and particularly upon Mount Edon, Hor. C. 2, 7, 27; hence, the Bacchæ are called matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69; id. Tr. 4, 1, 42; v. also Liber.
Bacchus, in the most ancient times, is represented as a god of nature by a Phallic Herma (v. such a statue in O. Müll. Denkm. 4); in the class. per. in the form of a beautiful youth (Tib. 1, 4, 37; Ov. F. 3, 773), with a crown of vine leaves or ivy upon his head, and sometimes with small horns upon his forehead (id. ib. 3, 481; 3, 767; 6, 483); hence, corymbifer, Ov. F. 1, 393; Tib. 2, 1, 3; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. cornua, p. 37 Müll.; his soft hair fell in long ringlets upon his shoulders (depexus crinibus, Ov. F. 3, 465; cf. id. M. 3, 421); with the exception of a fawn's skin (νεβρίς) thrown around him, he was usually represented naked, but with high and beautiful buskins, the Dionysian cothurni, upon his feet; in his hand he, as well as his attendants (a satyr, Silenus, and the Bacchæ), carried the thyrsus (id. F. 3, 764; cf. id. M. 4, 7 sq.); cf. O. Müll. Arch. § 383. Meton. The cry or invocation to Bacchus, lo Bacche! audito Baccho, Verg. A. 4, 302. The vine: apertos Bacchus amat colles, Verg. G. 2, 113; Manil. 5, 238; Luc. 9, 433; Col. 10, 38; cf. fertilis, Hor. C. 2, 6, 19. Wine: Bacchi quom flos evanuit, Lucr. 3, 222: madeant generoso pocula Baccho, Tib. 3, 6, 5: et multo in primis hilarans convivia Baccho, Verg. E. 5, 69; so id. G. 1, 344; 4, 279; id. A. 5, 77; Hor. C. 3, 16, 34; Ov. M. 4, 765; 6, 488; 7, 246; 7, 450; 13, 639; cf.: Bacchi Massicus umor. Verg. G. 2, 143. Hence, derivv. Bac-chĭcus, a, um, adj., = Βακχικος, of Bacchus, Bacchic: serta, Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 2; Mart. 7, 62: buxus, Stat. Th. 9, 479: Naxos, id. Achill. 2, 4: ritus, Macr. S. 1, 18: metrum, Diom. p. 513 P. Bacchĭus, a, um, adj., = Βάκχιος, of Bacchus: sacra, Ov. M. 3, 518. Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Βάκχειος, Bacchic: ululatus, Ov. M. 11, 17: sacra, the feast of Bacchus, id. ib. 3, 691: cornua, Stat. Th. 9, 435. Bacchēĭ-us, a, um, the same: dona, i. e. wine, Verg. G. 2, 454 (prob. a spurious verse; v. Forbig. ad loc.). Bacchīus, a, um, adj., Bacchic: pes, a metrical foot, a Bacchius, ¯¯˘ (e. g. Rōmānŭs), Ter. Maur. p. 2414 P., although others reverse this order; v. Quint. 9, 4, 82; Ascon. Div. in Caecil. 7; Don. p. 1739 P.

Bacchus
Bacchus, i, m., a sea-fish, also called myxon, Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61; 32, 7, 25, § 77; 32, 11, 53, § 145.

baceolus
bacĕŏlus, used by Augustus for stultus prob. from βάκηλος ὁ ἀνόητος, Hesych., acc. to Suet. Aug. 87.

bacifer
bācĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. baca-fero. Bearing berries: taxus, Plin. 16, 10, 20, § 50 (al. leg. bacas fert): hedera, Sen. Oedip. 414. Acc. to baca, I. B., bearing olives: Pallas, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 8: Sabinus, Sil. 3, 596.

bacillum
băcillum, i, n. (băcillus, i, m., Isid. Orig. 20, 13, 1) dim. baculus, a small staff, a wand, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33; id. Div. 1, 17, 30 dub.; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Juv. 3, 28. Esp., the wand or staff of the lictor: anteibant lictores, non cum bacillis, sed cum fascibus, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93.

Bacis
Bacis, ĭdis, m. (Βάκις, ιδος, Pausan.), a soothsayer of Bœotia, Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34.

Bactra
Bactra, ōrum (Bactrum, i, Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 48), n., = Βάκτρα, the chief city of Bactria or Bactriana, now Balkh, Verg. G. 2, 138; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 16; 3, 11 (4, 10), 26; Hor. C. 3, 29, 28; Curt. 7, 4, 31; cf. Sil. 13, 764; Amm. 23, 6, 58.
Transf., = Bactri, the Bactrians, Verg. A. 8, 688. Derivv. Bactri, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Bactriana, Mel. 1, 2, 5; Varr. ap. Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 52; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 48. Bac-trĭa, ae. f., the country of the Bactrians, Bactria, Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 67. Bactrĭ-ānus, a, um, adj. Relating to the city of Bactra, of Bactra: regio, Curt. 6, 6, 18: arx, id. 9, 7, 2: terra, id. 7, 4, 26: smaragdi, Plin. 37, 45, 17, § 65. Relating to the kingdom of Bactriana, Bactrian; hence, Bactriāni, ōrum, m., = Bactri, the Bactrians, Plin. 6, 23, 25, § 92; Curt. 7, 4, 13; 7, 4, 20; 7, 4, 25; Tac. A. 11, 8; Amm. 23, 6, 57.
In sing., collect. for the land of Bactriana, Tac. A. 2, 60.
Also, Bactriāna, ae, f. (sc. terra), = Bactria, Plin. 12, 9, 19, § 35. Bactrīnus, a, um, adj., Bactrian: camelus, App. M. 7, p. 194, 4. Bac-trĭus, a, um, adj., the same: Halcyoneus, Ov. M. 5, 135.

bactroperita
bactrŏperita, ae, m. βάκτρον, a staff
πήρα, pouch, furnished with or carrying staff and pouch; a nickname for a Cynic philosopher, Hier. Matth. 10; cf. Hor. S. 1, 3, 134; Mart. 4, 53.

bacula
bācŭla, ae, f. dim. baca, a small berry, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 96; Arn. 1, p. 2; 2, p. 58; 5, p. 159.

baculum
băcŭlum, i, n. (băcŭlus, i, m., rare, and not before the Aug. period; Ov. M. 2, 789; id. F. 1, 177; App. M. 7, p. 194, 30; Aus. Epigr. 53; Isid. Orig. 20, 13, 1; Vulg. Gen. 38, 25; id. Psa. 22, 4; cf. bacillum), [like βάκτρον, from root ba- of βάξω, βιβάξω, βαίνω, to go = Sanscr. ga], a stick, staff, as a support in walking (class.; while scipio is a staff for ornament, and fustis a stick for beating; Doed. Syn. III. p. 266 sqq.; but later used in all these signiff.; cf. bacillum): proximus lictor, Sextius, converso baculo oculos misero tundere coepit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142: baculum agreste, Ov. M. 15, 655: pastorale, Sil. 13, 334; Ov. M. 8, 218; 14, 655; 15, 659; 6, 27; 8, 693; id. F. 1, 177; Claud. Epigr. 2, 3; 2, 26; 2, 484: baculi crassitudo, Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 255.
So, baculum (-us) et pera, staff and pouch, badges of Cynic philosophers, Mart. 4, 53; App. Mag. p. 288, 6; Aus. Epigr. 53 (cf. bactroperita); Cels. 8, 20; Vitr. 10, 6; Plin. 30, 14, 44, § 129 Gron.; cf.: in baculo me transivi Jordanum istum, i.e. as a poor pilgrim, Vulg. Gen. 32, 10.
Also, the augural staff or lituus, Liv. 1, 18, 7.
A sceptre: baculum aureum (regis) berylli distinguebant, Curt. 9, 1, 30; Flor. 3, 19, 10; cf. id. 4, 11, 3.
And of the sceptre on the stage, in tragic representations, Suet. Ner. 24 Oud.: corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu, Ov. M. 3, 325; Col. 2, 20 (21), 4: summa papaverum capita dicitur baculo decussisse, Liv. 1, 54, 6: baculorum subactiones, blows with small staves, sticks, Vitr. 2, 4; 7, 3. In eccl. Lat. from baculus; trop., a support, stay: an speras in baculo arundineo, Vulg. 4 Reg. 18, 21: baculum senectutis nostrae, id. Tob. 10, 4. As instrument of wrath, rod, Vulg. Isa. 10, 24.

Badia
Badĭa, ae, f., a town of Hispania Baetica, now Sa. Maria de Bedoza, Val. Max. 3, 7, 1; called also Budŭa, Itin. Anton. 419.

badisso
bădisso, āre, v.n., = βαδίξω, to go, to walk, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 116 Fleck. (MSS. badizas; v. Ussing ad loc.).

Baduhennae lucus
Baduhennae lūcus, a forest in the north of Germany, in Friesland (perh. now Hold Pade), Tac. A. 4, 73.

Baebius
Baebĭus, a, um, adj., the name of a Roman gens, e. g., M. Baebius, Cic. Pis. 36, 88. Q. Baebius Tampilus, Cic. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. 40, 17, 8 Drak.; v. also Val. Max. 1, 1, 12; 7, 2, 6. G. Baebius, Sall. J. 33, 2; 34, 1.
Whence, Baebia lex de praetoribus creandis, Liv. 40, 44, 2; cf. Fest. s. v. rogat, p. 233.

Baecula
Baecŭla, ae, f. A small town in Spain, on the borders of Bœtica, now Baylen, Liv. 27, 18, 1; 28, 13, 16. Another town in Spain, on the Ebro, in the territory of the Ausetani, Βαίκυλα, Ptol.
Hence, Baecŭlōnenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Baecula, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 23.

Baeticatus
Baetĭcātus, a, um, adj. Baetis, clothed in Bœtican wool, Mart. 1, 97, 5.

Baeticola
Baetĭcŏla, ae, adj. Baetis-colo, dwelling on the river Bœtis, Sil. 1, 146.

Baetigena
Baetĭgĕna, ae, adj. Baetis-gigno, born on the Bœtis: viri, Sil. 9, 234.

Baetis
Baetis (Bĕtis, Paul. Nol. Carm. ad Aus. 10, 236), is, m. (acc. Baetin, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 12 (al. Baetim); Mart. 9, 62, 2; Claud. Fesc. 12, 31; Mall. Theod. 285; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 238: BAETEM, Inscr. Grut. 153, 4; abl. Baete, Liv. 28, 22, 1: Baeti (al. Baete), Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 13; Amm. 23, 6, 21), = Βαῖτις, a river in Southern Spain, called by the inhabitants Certis, now Guadalquivir, Liv. 28, 16, 2; Mel. 3, 1, 5; Plin. 3, 1, 3, §§ 7 and 13. Deriv.: Baetĭcus, a, um, adj., on or belonging to the Bœtis: provincia, Tac. H. 1, 53: regiones, Col. 1, pr. 20: vocabulum, id. 5, 1, 5: oves, id. 7, 2, 4: lana, Mart. 12, 65, 4; Juv. 12, 40. Subst.: Baetĭca, ae, f., = Βαιτική, the province of Bœtica, lying on the Bœtis, in Southern Spain, distinguished for its excellent wool, now Andalusia and a part of Granada, Mel. 2, 6, 3; 2, 4, 7; 3, 1, 6; 3, 6, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7; 11, 37, 76, § 196; Tac. H. 1, 78 al.
Hence, Adj.: Baetica lana, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 191: lacernae, made of the Bœtican wool, Mart. 14, 133.
Baetĭci, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Bœtica, Plin. Ep. 1, 7.

Baetulo
Baetŭlo, ōnis, m., a river of Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Besos, Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 22; Mel. 2, 6, 3.

baetulus
baetŭlus (bēt-), i, m., = βαίτυλος, a precious stone, round and of a dark color, a species of ceraunia, Plin. 37, 9, 51, § 135.

Baeturia
Baetūrĭa, ae, f., = Βαιτουρία, Bœturia, the north-west part of Hispania Baetica, between the Bœtis and Anas, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 13.

Bagada
Bagada, ae, f., a town of Ethiopia, Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 178.

Bagaudae
Bagaudae, ārum, m., a class of peasants in Gaul, who rebelled under the emperor Diocletian, and were finally conquered by Maximian, Aur. Vict. Caes. 39; Eutr. 9, 20.
Hence, Bagaudĭca rebellio, rebellion of the peasants, Eum. pro Restaur. Schol. 4.

Bagous
Băgōus, i, and Băgōas, ae, m., = Βαγῶος and Βαγώας [Persian], a eunuch at the Persian court: Bagou (gen. Gr. = Βαγώου), Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 41.
Form Bagoas, Quint. 5, 12, 21.
Hence, any guard of women, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 1.

Bagrada
Băgrăda, ae, m., = Βαγράδας, a river in Zeugitana, in Africa, near Utica, now Mejerdah, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 4; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24; 8, 14, 14, § 36; Luc. 4, 588; its frequent overflow fertilized its banks, Sil. 6, 141 sqq.

baiulo
bājŭlo, āre, v. a. bajulus, to carry a burden, to bear something heavy, βαστάξω (mostly ante-and post-class.): ferri proprie dicimus quae quis suo corpore bajulat, portari ea, quae quis in jumento secum ducit, agi ea, quae animalia sunt, Dig. 50, 16, 235; Non. p. 79, 9; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70; id. Merc. 3, 1, 10: asinus bajulans sarcinas, Phaedr. 4, 1, 5; Auct. ap. Quint. 6, 1, 47; Vulg. Marc. 14, 13. Trop.: adjectionem debiti alieni, Cod. Th. 5, 15, 3: crucem suam, Vulg. Luc. 14, 27.

baiulus
bājŭlus, i, m. kindr. with φέρω, fero; Engl. bear; and with Germ. Bahre, Bürde; cf. Doed. Syn. I. p. 151, and bajulo, he who bears burdens (for pay), a porter, carrier, day-laborer, βαστακτής: quod genus Graeci ἀχθοφόρους vocant, Latine bajulos appellamus, Gell. 5, 3, 1: bajulos dicebant antiqui, quos nunc dicimus operarios, Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll.; Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 17; Caecil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 40: utrum de bonis est quaerendum, quid bajuli atque operarii, an quid homines doctissimi senserint? Cic. Par. 3, 2; so id. Brut. 73, 257: litterarum bajulus, Symm. Ep. 5, 7; Hier. Ep. 15 ad Damas. 5: stercorum, Firm. Math. 8, 20. Esp., in late Lat., A bearer at a funeral, Amm. 14, 7, 17; Sid. Ep. 3, 12; Aug. Ep. 19 ad Hier. 2; cf.: vespillones dicti sunt bajuli, Fulg. Expos. Serm. p. 558. A letter-carrier, Hier. Ep. 6 ad Julian. 1; Cod. Th. 2, 27, 1, § 2; cf.: boni nuntii, Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 22.

balaena
bālaena (bālēna), ae, f., = φάλαινα, Engl. whale (cf. Fest. p. 25, and the letter B.), a whale, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 61; Plin. 9, 8, 7, § 21; 9, 13, 15, § 41; 11, 40, 95, § 235; Ov. M. 2, 9; Juv. 10, 14; Aus. Mos. 144.

balaninus
bălănĭnus, a, um, adj., = βαλάνινος, made or prepared from the fruit of the balsam (v. balanus, II. 3.): oleum, Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 8.

balanites
bălănītes, ae, m., = βαλανίτης (acornshaped), an unknown precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 55, § 149; Isid. Orig. 16, 15, 10.

balanitis
bălănĭtis, ĭdis, f., = βαλανῖτις, skaped like an acorn: castanea, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 93.

balanus
bălănus, i, f. and rarely m. (masc., Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48; 15, 23, 25, § 93; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9; cf. Rudd. I. p. 31), = βάλανος. Lit., an acorn: glans, Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 21; 17, 20, 34, § 151; 13, 4, 9, § 42. Transf. Any fruit of similar form. A kind of large chestnut, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 93. The Phœnician and Cilician date, Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48. A nut yielding a balsam; the Arabian behen- or ben-nut: Hyperanthera semidecandra, Vahl. (called myrobalanus, Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 100; 22, 20, 23, § 49): pressa tuis balanus capillis, Hor. C. 3, 29, 4.
Also for the tree itself, Plin. 13, 9, 17, § 61. In gen., any object in the form of an acorn. Medic. t., a suppository, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 43; 24, 6, 21, § 31; 26, 8, 34, § 54; Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 12. A shell-fish, a species cf sea-mussel, Col. 8, 16, 7; Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 145; Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 8; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9.

balatro
bălā^tro, ōnis, m. 2. blatero; lit., a babbler; hence, a jester, one who makes sport, a buffoon (it seems to have desig-nated a class of actors, perh. a harlequin, jester, or something similar): mendici, mimae, balatrones, hoc genus omne, Hor. S. 1, 2, 2; Vop. Carin. 21.
Facetè, in Varr. as a designation of his friends when in dispute, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1 Schneid.

Balatro
Bălā^tro, ōnis, m. nom. prop., cognomen of Servilius, Hor. S. 2, 8, 21; 2, 8, 33; 2, 8, 40; 2, 8, 64; 2, 8, 83; cf.: in modum rustici Balatronis, Hier. Ep. 153; cf. scurra.

balatus
bālātus, ūs, m. balo, the bleating of sheep, Lucr. 2, 369: agni Balatum exercent, Verg. A. 9, 62; id. G. 3, 554; Ov. M. 7, 319; 7, 320; Stat. Th. 10, 46.
Also in plur., Ov. M. 7, 540.
Of the bleating of goats, Plin. 20, 14, 55, § 156; Aus. Epigr. 76, 3.

balaustium
bălaustĭum, ii, n., = βαλαύστιον, the flower of the wild pomegranate, Plin. 13, 19, 34, § 113; Col. 10, 297; Scrib. Comp. 85 and 112; Veg. Vet. 3, 16, 1.

balbus
balbus, a, um, adj. kindr. with balo; cf. Sanscr. barh, barrire, and barbarus, stammering, stuttering (opp. planus, speaking fluently, without impediment): balba, loqui non quit? τραυλίζει, does she (the loved one) stammer, can she not speak distinctly? (then he says) she lisps, Lucr. 4, 1164: Demosthenes cum ita balbus esset, ut ejus ipsius artis, cui studeret (sc. rhetoricae), primam litteram (sc. r) non posset dicere, perfecit meditando, ut nemo planius esse locutus putaretur, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; and thus in ridicule, id. Fam. 2, 10, 1: os pueri, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 126: senectus, id. ib. 1, 20, 18; Dig. 21, 1, 10, § 5: verba, Tib. 2, 5, 94; Hor. S. 2, 3, 274: balbā de nare loqui, to speak through the nose, Pers. 1, 33.
Adv.: balbē, stammeringly, etc., Lucr. 5, 1021. Transf., obscurely, Varr. ap. Non. p. 80, 7.

Balbus
Balbus, i, m., a Roman cognomen, Cic. Att. 8, 9, 4; id. Balb. passim; id. Cael. 11, 27; id. de Or. 3, 21, 78 al.

balbutio
balbūtĭo (-uttio), īre, v. n. and a. [balbus]. Neutr., to stammer, stutter: balbutire est cum quādam linguae haesitatione et confusione trepidare, Non. p. 80, 13; Cels. 5, 26, 31: lingua, Cod. 15, 6, 22.
Transf., of birds, not to sing clearly: merula hieme balbutit, Plin. 10, 29, 42, § 80. Trop., to speak upon something obscurely, not distinctly or not correctly: desinant balbutire (Academici), aperteque et clarā voce audeant dicere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 75; id. Div. 1, 3, 5. Act., to stutter, stammer, or lisp out something: illum Balbutit Scaurum pravis fultum male talis, he, lisping or fondling, calls him Scaurus, Hor. S. 1, 3, 48.
Trop., as above: Stoicus perpauca balbutiens, Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 137.

Balcia
Balcĭa (Baltĭa), ae, f., acc. to Xenophon of Lampsacus, a large island, three days' sail from the coast of Scythia, called by Pythias Basilia, Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 95.

Baliares
Bălĭāres (better than Bălĕāres) insulae, or absol. Bălĭāres, ĭum, f., = Βαλιαρεῖς, the Balearic Islands, Majorca and Minorca, in the Mediterranean Sea, whose inhabitants were famous slingers, Auct. B. Afr. 23; Cic. Att. 12, 2, 1; Inscr. Orell. 732; Liv. 28, 37, 4 sq.; Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 133; Mel. 2, 7, 20; Plin. 3, 5, 11, § 77; 8, 58, 83, § 226 al. Derivv. Bă-lĭāris, e, adj., Balearic: terra, Plin. 35, 19, 59, § 202: funda, Verg. G. 1, 309: habena, Luc. 3, 710: telum, Sil. 7, 279.
Subst.: Bălĭāres, ĭum, m., = Βαλιαρεῖς, the inhabitants of the Balearic Islands, Caes. B. G. 2, 7; Liv. 28, 37, 6.
In sing. Baliaris, a Balearian, Sil. 3, 365. Bălĭārĭcus, a, um, adj., Balearic: mare, Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 74: grus, id. 11, 37, 44, § 122: funda, Ov. M. 2, 727; 4, 709.
Subst.: Bălĭārĭci, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of the Balearic Islands, Plin. 8, 55, 81, § 218.
Sing., Inscr. Orell. 168; and Baliaricus, cognomen of Q. Caecilius Metellus, on account of his conquest of these islands, A. U. C. 631, Flor. 3, 8; Cic. Div. 1, 2, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147.

baliolus
balĭŏlus, a, um, adj. balius = badius, dark, swarthy, chestnut-colored: amplexari baliolum (sc. Afrum), Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 22 dub.

ballista
ballista (better than balista; in Gloss. also ballistra), ae, f. βάλλω, a lārge military engine, resembling a bow, stretched with cords and thongs, by which masses of stone and other missiles were thrown to a great distance; a machine for projectiles, the ballista (orig. diff. from catapulta, which was used for throwing arrows; but afterwards often interchanged with it; cf. Vitr. 10, 16-18; Veg. 4, 22): centenariae, throwing stones of a hundred pounds weight, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 555, 25: ballistae lapidum et reliqua tormenta telorum eo graviores emissiones habent, quo sunt contenta atque adducta vehementius, *Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57; Caes. B. C. 2, 2; Liv. 24, 40, 15; 21, 11, 10; Tac. A. 12, 56; 15, 9; id. H. 3, 23; 3, 29; 4, 23; Gell. 7 (6), 3; Sil. 1, 334; Luc. 2, 686; Vulg. 1 Macc. 6, 20; 6, 51.
Sportively: meus est ballista pugnus, cubitus catapulta est mihi, umerus aries, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17.
For throwing other missiles, Caes. B. C. 2, 2; Luc. 2, 686; 3, 465. Transf., the weapon thrown, a missile, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 42; Lucil. lib. XXVIII.: ballistas jactans centenarias. Sisenn. Hist. lib. IIII: ballistas quattuor talentarias, Non. p. 555, 24 sq. Trop.: jam infortunii intenta ballista probe, an instrument, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 73; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 58.

ballistarius
ballistārĭus (balist-; and in Gloss. ballistrārĭus), ii, m. 1. ballista. A maker of ballistœ, Dig. 50, 6, 6: COLLEGIVM BALLISTARIORVM., Inscr. Orell. 4066. One who discharges the ballista, a slinger, Veg. Mil. 2, 2; Amm. 16, 2, 5.

Ballonoti
Ballŏnŏti, ōrum, m., a Scythian tribe, Val. Fl. 6, 160.

ballote
ballōtē, ēs, f., = βαλλωτή, a plant, also called porrum nigrum, black horehound: Ballota nigra, Linn.; Plin. 27, 8, 30, § 54.

ballux
ballux (bal-), ūcis, f. Spanish, gold-sand, gold-dust, χρύσαμμος, Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 77; Just. 44, 1, 10 (less correctly paludibus); Mart. 12, 57, 9 (less correctly paludes); and Latinized ballūca (bal-), ae, f., Cod. Valent. 11, 6, 1 and 2; Cod. Th. 10, 19, 3 and 4; Veg. Vet. 1, 20, 2.

balnearius
balnĕārĭus (bălĭneārĭus, Inscr. Grut. 171, 8), a, um, adj. id., of or pertaining to a bath (class. for the preced.): fur, lurking about baths, Cat. 33, 1; cf. the title in Dig. 47, 17: de furibus balneariis: furtum, Dig. 1. 1. § 3: instrumentum, a bathing implement, ib. 33, 7, 17: vapores, ib. 43, 21, 3, § 6.
Subst.: balnĕārĭa, ōrum, n. plur., a place for bathing, a bathing-room, bath: nihil ei restabat praeter balnearia et ambulationem et aviarium, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 1; so id. Att. 13, 29, 2; Col. 1, 6, 2; Sen. Q. N. 4, 9; id. Tranq. 9, 7.

balneaticum
balnĕātĭcum, i, n., a piece of money to be paid for a bath, bath-money; only in Schol. Juv. 2, 152; and in Vet. Gloss.: balneaticum βαλανικόν.

balneator
balnĕātor, ōris, m. (acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 159, and Prob. p. 1452 P., gen. comm., yet v. balneatrix) [balneum], one who has the care of a bath, a bath-keeper, βαλανεύς, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 90; id. Truc. 2, 3, 4: balnearis, Cic. Cael. 26, 62; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26; Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 156; Dig. 3, 2, 4, § 2; ib. 19, 2, 30, § 1 al.
Facetè, of Neptune: edepol, Neptune, es balneator frigidus, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 43.

balneatorius
balnĕatōrĭus, a, um, adj. balneator, of or pertaining to a bath, = balnearius: instrumentum, Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 65; Dig. 33, 7, 17.

balneum
balnĕum, i. n. (in plur. usu. heterocl. balnĕae, ārum. f.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 48 Müll.; since the Aug. per. sometimes bal-nĕa, ōrum, n.; cf. Dör. ad Plin. Ep. 2, 8, 2) [contr. from bălĭnĕum, also in use, and in Plaut. and post-Aug. prose predominant, = βαλανεῖον; plur. bălĭnĕae; the Lat. bal-neum stands for bad-neum, kindr. with Sanscr. root bād, lavare, se lavare; Germ. Bad; Engl. bath]. A bath, a place for bathing (the public bath, as consisting of several apartments, only in plur., Varr. L. L. 9, § 68 Müll.; cf. aedes and aqua. Varro 1. 1. seems to assert that only the sing. was used for private baths, but this was not without exception, at least in a subsequent age; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 69; Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22; 33, 12, 54, § 153; Mart. 12, 15, 2 al.). Balneum, plur. balneae, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 5; id. Pers. 1, 3, 10; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25: balneae Seniae, Cic. Cael. 25, 62: balneae Palatinae, id. Rosc. Am. 7, 18; id. Clu. 51, 141; id. de Or. 2, 55, 223; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 196, 12; Vitr. 6, 8; Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22; Tac. H. 3, 11; id. A. 15, 52: (Caesar) ambulavit in litore: post horam octavam in balneum, Cic. Att. 13, 52. 1: de structurā balnei cogitare, Pall. 1, 40, 1. Balineum, plur. balineae: balineum calfieri jubebo, Cic. Att. 2, 3 fin.; 15, 13, 5 (with the var. lect. balneo): in balineas ire, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 90; id. Rud. 2, 3, 52; id. Most. 3, 2, 69; id. Merc. 1, 2, 17: pensiles balineae, Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 168; 22, 22, 43, § 87; 32, 10, 38, § 115; 33, 12, 54, § 153; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 11; 3, 14, 8; 8, 8, 6; 10, 75, 1; Suet. Aug. 76 Oud.; 85; 94; id. Ner. 20; 31; 35; id. Vesp. 21; id. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 10; Tac. H. 2, 16; 3, 32 al. Plur. balnea, ōrum, n., Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 92; 1, 11, 13; 1, 14, 15; id. A. P. 298; Ov. A. A. 3, 640; Liv. 23, 18, 12; Val. Max. 9, 1, 1; Sen. Ep. 86, 6; 90, 25; Cels. 1, 6; Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 248; 36, 15, 24, § 121; Juv. 1, 143; 6, 375; 6, 419; 7, 131; 7, 178; 7, 233 al.; Mart. 9, 19, 1; 10, 70, 13; 12, 50, 2; Inscr. Orell. 3324; 4816; Plin. Ep. 2, 8, 2; 7, 26, 2. In Pliny, a bath (in abstracto); esp. in the connec. a balineis, after the bath, after bathing, Plin. 28, 19 77, § 248; 13, 15, 30, § 99; 20, 14, 57, § 160; 24, 19, 118, § 181.

balo
bālo (bēlo, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. root bal = bar; Sanscr. barh, barrire; Gr. βάρβαρος; cf. βληχή, ἔβραχε; but cf. also Paul. ex Fest. p. 30 Müll., to bleat, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 20; Ov. F. 4, 740; Quint. 1, 5, 72; Sil. 15, 706.
Poet.: balantes hostiae = oves, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21 (Trag. v. 61 Vahl.): pecus balans, Juv. 13, 233; and absol. balans = ovis (so μηκάς from μηκάομαι), Lucr. 6, 1131: balantum grex, Verg. G. 1, 272; 3, 457.
Facetè, to speak of sheep: satis balasti, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 1. Trop., to talk foolishly: Cornificius balare convincitur, Arn. 3, p. 122.

Balsa
Balsa, ae, f., a town in Lusitania, now Javira, Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 117; Mel. 3, 1, 6.

balsamodes
balsămōdes = βαλσαμώδης, abounding in balsam: casia, Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 97.

balsamum
balsămum, i, n., = βάλσαμον. A fragrant gum of the balsam-tree, balsam, Verg. G. 2, 119; Plin. 13, 1, 2, § 8 sq.: balsama olet, Mart. 3, 63; Tac. G. 45; Just. 36, 3: Vulg. Ezech. 27, 17. The balsam-tree: Amyris opobalsamum, Linn.; Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 111; Sol. 35; Tac. H. 5, 6.

Bambyce
Bambycē, ēs, f., = Βαμβύκη, a town in Cœlosyria, also called Hieropolis, Plin. 5, 23, 19, § 81.
Hence, adj.: Bambycius, a, um, of or from Bambyce: pisces, Avien. Arat. 542; 646.

banchus
banchus or bancus, i, m., a species of fish, otherwise unknown, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 37.

Bandusia
Bandŭsĭa, ae, f., a pleasant fountain near Venusia, the birthplace of Horace, celebrated by him in song, C. 3, 13, 1 sq. Ritter and Orell. ad loc. (diff. from the celebrated Digentia of the Ep. 1, 16, 12 and 104, as is shown by the Privilegium Paschalis II. anni 1103 ap. Ughell. Ital. Sacra, tom. vii. col. 30, Ven. 1721; cf. Fea and Jahn upon Hor. C. 3, 13; Capmartin de Chaupy, Découverte de la maison d'Horace t. iii. pp. 364, 518 and 537).

Bangeni
Bangēni, ōrum, m., a race of Troglodytes in Ethiopia, Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 176.

bannanica
bannanica (sc. vitis), a variety of the vine, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 37.

Bantia
Bantĭa, ae, f., = Βαντία, a town of Apulia, in the vicinity of Venusia, on the southern declivity of the mountain, now Banzi, Liv. 27, 25, 13.
Hence, Bantīnus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Bantia: saltus, Hor. C. 3, 4, 15.
Bantīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Bantia, Plin. 3, 11, 15, § 98.

Baptae
Baptae, ārum, m., = Βάπται [perh. so called from dyeing their hair; v. Meineke, Com. Fragm. I. p. 119], priests of the Thracian, afterwards Athenian, goddess Cotytto, whose festival was celebrated in a very lewd manner, Juv. 2, 92 Schol.; cf. Cotytto.

baptes
baptes, ae, m., an unknown precious stone, perh. colored amber, Plin. 37, 10, 55, § 149.

baptisma
baptisma, ătis, n., = βάπτισμα. A dipping in, dipping under, washing, ablution, Prud. Psych. 103; Apoth. 697; Vulg. Marc. 7, 4; 7, 8: mundi, i. e. the general deluge, Tert. Bapt. 8. Esp., Christian baptism, Vulg. Eph. 4, 5; in the Church fathers very freq.
A parallel form baptismus, i, m., Cod. Th. 16, 6, 1; Vulg. Marc. 11, 30 al.
baptismum, i, n., Tert. Bapt. 15; Aug. Serm. Temp. 36; Vulg. Matt. 21, 25 al.

baptista
baptista, ae, m., = βαπτιστής, a baptizer, baptist, κατ’ ἐξοχήν, of John, the forerunner of Christ, Sedul. Pasch. 2, 143; Vulg. Matt. 3, 1.

baptisterium
baptistērĭum, ii, n., = βαπτιστήριον. A place for bathing or swimming, a vessel for bathing, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 25; 2, 17, 11; Sid. Ep. 2, 2. In eccl. Lat., a baptistery, a baptismal font, Sid. Ep. 4, 15.

baptizo
baptīzo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., = βαπτίξω, only in eccl. Lat., to baptize, Vulg. Judith, 12, 7; id. Matt. 3, 6; id. Marc. 1, 8; and Tert. Aug. Hier. al. saep.

Barace
Barăcē, ēs, f., a seaport of India, Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 105.

Baragaza
Baragaza, ae, f., a town of Ethiopia, Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 175.

Baraomutae
Baraomutae, ārum, m., a people of India, Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 77.

barathrum
bărā^thrum, i, n., = βάραθρον, an abyss, chasm, a deep pit, the Lower World (mostly poet; cf. vorago), Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 12: o barathrum ubi nunc es? ut ego te usurpem lubens (words of one in despair), id. Bacch. 1, 2, 41; Lucr. 3, 966; Cat. 68, 108; 68, 117; 95, 5.
Esp., of the infernal regions: ferri in barathrum, Lucr. 6, 606: imus barathri gurges (Charybdis), Verg. A. 3, 421; 8, 245; Sil. 9, 497: poena barathri, Val. Fl. 2, 86; a pit made by art, a deep dungeon, Vitr. 10, 22, 11. Trop.: quid enim differt, barathrone Dones quidquid habes, an numquam utare paratis? thou throwest into the abyss, i. e. squanderest, Hor. S. 2, 3, 166. Transf. Jocosely or satirically, a maw (as insatiable), Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 29; Mart. 1, 88, 4.
Hence Horace calls a greedy man barathrum macelli, an abyss, gulf of the provision market, Ep. 1, 15, 31. In mal. part., Mart. 3, 81, 1.

barathrus
bărăthrus, i, a false read. for barathrum, Lucr. 3, 966; v. Lachm. ad h. 1.

barba
barba, ae, f. cf. O. H. Germ. part; Germ. Bart; Engl. beard. Lit., the beard, of men: alba, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15: hirquina, id. Ps. 4, 2, 12: mollis, Lucr. 5, 673: promissa, long, Nep. Dat. 3, 1; Liv. 5, 41, 9; Tac. A. 2, 31; id. G. 31: immissa, Verg. A. 3, 593; Ov. M. 12, 351; Quint. 12, 3, 12: stiriaque inpexis induruit horrida barbis, Verg. G. 3, 366: submittere (as a sign of mourning). Suet. Caes. 67; id. Aug. 23; id. Calig. 24: prima, Juv. 8, 166: barbam tondere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58: maxima barba, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62: major, id. Agr. 2, 5, 13: ponere, Hor. A. P. 298; Suet. Calig. 5; 10; id. Ner. 12: jam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam, Ov. M. 13, 766: abradere, to clip off. Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 162; cf. Baumg.Crus. Suet. Caes. 45: rasitare, Gell. 3, 4: barbam vellere alicui, to pluck one by the beard (an insult), Hor. S. 1, 3, 133: sapientem pascere barbam, i. e. to study the Stoic philosophy, id. ib. 2, 3, 35; Pers. 1, 133; 2, 28: capillatior quam ante barbāque majore, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62: in gens et cana barba, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 6.
Sometimes in plur. of a heavy, long beard, Petr. 99, 5; App. M. 4, p. 157, 1.
The statues of the gods had barbas aureas, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; hence, barbam auream habere = deum esse, Petr. 58, 6; cf. Pers. 2, 56.
The ancient Romans allowed the beard to grow long (hence, barbati, Cic. Mur. 12; id. Cael. 14, 33; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62; Juv. 4, 103; and: dignus barbā capillisque Majorum, of an upright, honest man, Juv. 16, 31), until A.U.C. 454, when a certain P. Titinius Menas brought barbers to Rome from Sicily, and introduced the custom of shaving the beard, Varr R. R. 2, 11, 10; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211. Scipio Africanus was the first who caused himself to be shaved daily, Plin. 1. 1. Still, this custom seems to have become general first in the Aug. per.; cf. Boettig. Sabina, 2, p. 57 sq.; Goer. Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62.
Young men allowed the beard to grow for some years; hence. juvenes barbatuli or bene barbati (v. barbatulus and barbatus). It was the custom to devote the first beard cut off to some deity, esp. to Apollo, Jupiter, or Venus, Petr. 29; Juv. 3, 186; Suet. Ner. 12. Transf. Of animals: hircorum, Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 74: caprarum, id. 26, 8, 30, § 47: gallinaceorum, id. 30, 11, 29, § 97: luporum, Hor. S. 1, 8, 42. Of plants, the wool: nucum, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 89; cf. id. 17, 23, 35, § 202. Barba Jovis, a shrub, the silver-leaved woolblade: Anthyllis barba Jovis, Linn.; Plin. 16, 18, 31, § 76.

Barba
Barba, ae, m., a Roman name, e. g. Cassius Barba, a friend of Cœsar and Antony, Cic. Phil. 13, 1, 2 sq.; id. Att. 13, 52, 1.

Barbana
Barbāna, ae, m., a river of Illyria, Liv. 44, 31, 3.

barbarus
barbărus, a, um (gen. plur. m. barbarum, Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = βάρβαρος [cf. barrio; balo, balbus; blatio]. Prop., foreign, strange, barbarous, opp. to Greek or Roman. In gen.: hospes, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25: mixta facit Graiis barbara turba metum, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6: reges, id. ib. 1, 35, 11.
Hence, in Tac., in barbarum, adverb., in the manner or according to the custom of foreigners or barbarians: civitas potens, neque in barbarum corrupta, Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.
As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger, barbarian: sin hoc et ratio doctis et necessitas barbaris praescripsit, Cic. Mil. 11, 30; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157: quo neque noster adit quisquam, nec barbarus audet, Lucr. 6, 37: quippe simul nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30: barbarorum soli prope Germani singulis uxoribus contenti, Tac. G. 18: barbari praestabant non modicam humanitatem, Vulg. Act. 28, 1. Esp., of a particular people, in opp. to Greek or Roman or both; cf.: Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus induperator, Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: barbaria, barbaricus, and Fest. s. v. barbari, p. 36 Müll.). (In the mouth of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin (never so used by the Romans): nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40: i, stultior es barbaro Poticio, id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (φ) adhibere, aut recto casu Graece loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.
So also, In the mouth of a Macedonian: cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque, Liv. 31, 29, 15.
And, In reference to the inhabitants of Pontus: barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37. Phrygian: tibia, Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.: sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis barbarum, Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163. Persian, a Persian: solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.
Thus the king of the Persians is called barbarus, Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3; and high officers of the king, barbari, id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.: Romanum agmen ad similitudinem barbari incessus convertere, Tac. A. 3, 33. In gen., for any hostile people (among the Romans, after the Aug. age, esp. the German tribes, as, among the Greeks, after the Persian war, the Persians): opinio, quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5: ut sunt fluxioris fidei barbari, id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; even of the Dassaretians, a Greek people, Liv. 31, 33, 5; while the Romans did not elsewhere use barbarus for Greek. Transf., foreign, strange, in mind or character. In mind, uncultivated, ignorant; rude, unpolished: qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23: ecqua civitas est... aut tam potens aut tam libera aut etiam tam inmanis ac barbara, etc., id. ib. 2, 4, 11, § 24: nationes, Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27: Maroboduus... natione magis quam ratione barbarus, Vell. 2, 108, 2.
Comp., of verses: non sunt illa suo barbariora loco, Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72. Of character, wild, savage, cruel, barbarous: neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum, id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21: gens, id. Sull. 27, 76: homines, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81: homo, id. ib. 2, 5, 57, § 148: pirata, id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146: praedones, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48: tollite barbarum Morem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 2: Medea, id. Epod. 5, 61: domina, id. C. 3, 27, 66: libidines, id. ib. 4, 12, 7: ignis, Ov. M. 14, 574: populus, Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.
* Comp.: sacra barbariora, Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.
Sup. not in use.
Hence, adv.: barbărē. Prop., as a foreigner would, in a foreign tongue: Demophilus scripsit; Marcus vortit barbare, i. e. into Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. barbarus, I. B. 1. Transf. Rudely, ignorantly, in an uncultivated way: si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loqueretur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: ut is, a quo insolenter quid aut minaciter aut crudeliter dictum sit, barbare locutus existimetur, Quint. 1, 5, 9: tota saepe theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus, id. 1, 6, 45. Rudely, roughly, barbarously, cruelly: dulcia barbare Laedentem oscula, Hor. C. 1, 13, 15: ferociter et barbare facere, Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.

Barbatia
Barbatĭa, ae, f., a town in Arabia, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 146.

barbatus
barbātus, a, um, adj. barba. Having a beard, bearded. Of men: dicere licebit Jovem semper barbatum, Apollinem semper imberbem, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83; 1, 36, 100: quos aut imberbes aut bene barbatos videtis, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22.
Poet. as a designation of age, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 25: equitare in harundine longā, Si quem delectet barbatum, i. e. an adult, * Hor. S. 2, 3, 249: sub Jove, sed Jove nondum barbato, i. e. in the earliest time, when Jupiter was yet young, Juv. 6, 16; 13, 56.
Hence, Meton. For a Roman of the olden time (in which the beard was not shaved, v. barba): aliquis mihi ab inferis excitandus est ex barbatis illis, non hac barbulā, sed illā horridā, quam in statuis antiquis et imaginibus videmus, Cic. Cael. 14, 33: unus aliquis ex barbatis illis, exemplum imperii veteris, imago antiquitatis, etc., id. Sest 8, 19: haec jam tum apud illos barbatos ridicula, credo, videbantur, id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62: hic mos jam apud illos antiquos et barbatos fuit, id. Fragm. Or. II. pro Cornel. 18; Juv. 4, 103. A philosopher (since they wore long beards), Pers. 4, 1; Juv. 14, 12; cf. Hor. S. 1, 3, 133; and as subst. barbatus nudus, Mart. 14, 81. Of animals, fishes, etc., bearded: hirculus, Cat. 19, 16; also absol. barbatus, a goat, Phaedr. 4, 9, 10: mulli, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 7 (cf. id. Par. 5, 2, 28, and Plin. 9, 17, 30, § 64): aquila, a species of eagle, also called ossifraga, Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 11. Transf. Of plants (cf. barba, II. A.), woolly, downy: nux, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 14. Of other things: ne toga barbatos faciat vel paenula libros, i. e. wear out, make bearded, Mart. 14, 84. A cognomen of Lucius Corn. Scipio, Inscr.