ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a]. As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it. In space. Direction toward, to, toward, and first, Horizontally: fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur, the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.: Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem, Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Müll.; and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum ... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.
Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81. In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.: duplices tendens ad sidera palmas, Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Müll. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422): ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna, Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant; ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc., Ov. M. 7, 188: altitudo pertingit ad caelum, Vulg. Dan. 4, 17. Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in): tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu, Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216. The point or goal at which any thing arrives. Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularīs, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Müll. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.): ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse, Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58.
Hence, With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8: ad Sullam adire, id. ib. 25: ad se adferre, Cic. Verr. 4, 50: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat, id. ib. 5, 27: ad laborem adhortantur, id. de Sen. 14: T. Vectium ad se arcessit, Cic. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.) Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.): oratus sum venire ad te huc, Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.: eamus ad me, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64: ancillas traduce huc ad vos, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22: transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum, id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.: te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias, Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al. Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.: Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt, Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35: in aedem Veneris, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120; in aedem Concordiae, Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21; 2, 6, 12): ad Dianae, to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43: ad Opis, Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14: ad Castoris, id. Quint. 17: ad Juturnae, id. Clu. 101: ad Vestae, Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334. With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem: postea ad pistores dabo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119: praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari, id. Capt. 2, 2, 109: in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48: nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit, Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.: de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi, id. ib. 5, 3: velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant, id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16: ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo, in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2: ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese, Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.
Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, προσφωνεῖν): has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli, Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12: quae institueram, ad te mittam, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem; and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi, Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.
So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.
In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.
(ε) With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of: miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum, Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81: ad Veios, Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.
Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it: ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt, Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9; or when it is joined with usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.
(When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad: magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas, Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).
(ζ) With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus: nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit? Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34: Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras, Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73: Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70: ipse ad hostem vehitur, Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10: aliquem ad hostem ducere, Tac. A. 2, 52: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, Verg. A. 2, 443: munio me ad haec tempora, Cic. Fam. 9, 18: ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia, Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41; so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem, Cic. Off. 3, 24: remedium ad tertianam, Petr. Sat. 18: munimen ad imbrīs, Verg. G. 2, 352: farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est, Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243: ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces, Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).
(η) The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare: nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.: vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos, Liv. 5 47.
(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.) The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.): via pejor ad usque Baii moenia, Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97: rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa, Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969: cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos, Hor. S. 1, 9, 10: ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet, Curt. 3, 9, 10: laeva pars ad pectus est nuda, id. 6, 5, 27 al.
Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one: ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur, Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so, vestīs ad Seras peti, id. 12, 1, 1.
Trop.: si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10: deverberāsse usque ad necem, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13; without usque: hic ad incitas redactus, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20: virgis ad necem caedi, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al. Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.): ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem, Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98; 3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium, stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25; apud ipsum astas): ad forīs adsistere, Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24: astiterunt ad januam, Vulg. Act. 10, 17: non adest ad exercitum, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133: aderant ad spectaculum istud, Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31: et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit, Lucr. 3, 959: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6: haec arma habere ad manum, Quint. 12, 5, 1: dominum esse ad villam, Cic. Sull. 20; so Cic. Verr. 2, 21: errantem ad flumina, Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. γ): pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! Cic. Phil. 1, 17.
Even of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud), Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60: ad inferos poenas parricidii luent, among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13: neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur, Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.: si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.
Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154: villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way, Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph: “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent ... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,” Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.
So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10: conchas ad Caietam legunt, id. Or. 2, 6: ad forum esse, to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.
Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left: ad dextram, Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69: ad laevam, Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.: ad dextram ... ad laevam, Liv. 40, 6; and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset, at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287. In time, analogous to the relations given in A. Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12: cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem, toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7. The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to: ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53: philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14: quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5: ad multam noctem, Cic. de Sen. 14: Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit, id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1: Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse, id. Off. 2, 23, 82: bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus, id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al.
And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away: ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus, Cic. Att. 7, 8: usque ab aurora ad hoc diei, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8. Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by: praesto fuit ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22: admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent, on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A: nostra ad diem dictam fient, id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313: ad id tempus, Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al. The relations of number. An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. ἐπί, πρός with acc. and the Fr. près de, à peu près, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102): ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111: nummorum Philippūm ad tria milia, id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added: quasi ad quadraginta minas, as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93: sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1: cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset, id. Clu. 40, 110: ad hominum milia decem, Caes. B. G. 1, 4: oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos, id. ib. 1, 5.
In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which ἀμφί, περί, and εἰς with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes. B. G. 2, 33: ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt, id. B. C. 3, 53: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334. The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare): ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41: aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit, even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2: miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat, to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15: quid ad denarium solveretur, Cic. Quint. 4.
The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. οἱ καθ’ ἕνα πάντες (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22: de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt, Cic. Lael. 23: ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt, Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.: naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur, Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. οἱ καθ’ ἕνα; in Hebr. , Exod. 14, 28).
Ad unum without omnes: ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum, Cic. Fam. 10, 16: Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos, Verg. A. 5, 687. In the manifold relations of one object to another. That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in. With verbs: ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius, in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45: numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat, id. ib. 5, 4, 1: nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus, that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28: nil est ad nos, is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845: nil ad me attinet, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54: nihil ad rem pertinet, Cic. Caecin. 58; and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum, id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68: Quid ad praetorem? Cic. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.). With adjectives: ad has res perspicax, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129: virum ad cetera egregium, Liv. 37, 7, 15: auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat, Caes. B. G. 3, 25: ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129: ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est, id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48: difficilis (res) ad credendum, Lucr. 2, 1027: ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior, Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al. With nouns: prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit, before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. ὅπως ἔχει τις πρός τι): mentis ad omnia caecitas, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas, id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1: ad cetera paene gemelli, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.
So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.: facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi, Cic. Font. 6; facultas ad agendum, id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245. In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater; jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur, Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib. With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. κατά, πρός): columnas ad perpendiculum exigere, Cic. Mur. 77: taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379: ad amussim non est numerus, Varr. 2, 1, 26: ad imaginem facere, Vulg. Gen. 1, 26: ad cursus lunae describit annum, Liv. 1, 19: omnia ad diem facta sunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 5: Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant, id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9: ad aequos flexus, at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361: turres ad altitudiem valli, Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6: ad eandem crassitudinem structi, id. 44, 11: ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum, with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8: stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem, Suet. Ner. 31: lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum, Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1: canere ad tibiam, Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.: in numerum ludere, Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175): quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi, Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Müll.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294: ad unguem factus homo, a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86): ad istorum normam sapientes, Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3: Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8: exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae, id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so, ad simulacrum, Liv. 40, 6: ad Punica ingenia, id. 21, 22: ad L. Crassi eloquentiam, Cic. Var. Fragm. 8: omnia fient ad verum, Juv. 6, 324: quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit, Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30: ad hunc modum institutus est, id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13: ad eundem istunc modum, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70: quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat, of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf. 91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur, Lucr. 2, 281: ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt, to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71: ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Romā contendit, id. Rab. Post. 21: aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet, Caes. B. C. 3, 51: rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus, Cic. Off. 1, 26: rem ad illorum libidinem judicārunt, id. Font. 36: ad vulgi opinionem, id. Off. 3, 21.
So in later Lat. with instar: ad instar castrorum, Just. 36, 3, 2: scoparum, App. M. 9, p. 232: speculi, id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.
Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely κατά with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317: ad navīs feratur, like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro.
With noun: ad specus angustiac vallium, like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.
Hence, With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done. The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of: cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur, Lucr. 3, 144: ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37. The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing, is done, is designed, or, is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to. Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80): venimus coctum ad nuptias, in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15: omnis ad perniciem instructa domus, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54: cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam, in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71: quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72: utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57: ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo, for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17: haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant, Sall. C. 13, 4: ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis, Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67: paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51. Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30: ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11; (in the same sense: in rem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6): ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40: ad frena leones, Verg. A. 10, 253: delecto ad naves milite, marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.: servos ad remum, rowers, id. 34, 6; and: servos ad militiam emendos, id. 22, 61, 2: comparāsti ad lecticam homines, Cat. 10, 16: Lygdamus ad cyathos, Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, Hor. C. 1, 29, 8. Quae oportet Signa esse ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2: haec sunt ad virtutem omnia, id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33: causa ad objurgandum, id. And. 1, 1, 123: argumentum ad scribendum, Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245): vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam, Cato R. R. 125: nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio, Cic. Brut. 24: reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia, Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al.
So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.: homines ad hanc rem idoneos, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6: calcei habiles et apti ad pedem, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231: orator aptus tamen ad dicendum, id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5: sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta, id. N. D. 2, 64, 160: homo ad nullam rem utilis, id. Off. 3, 6: ad segetes ingeniosus ager, Ov. F. 4, 684.
(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.) Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with: ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100: ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69: terra ad universi caeli complexum, compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40: homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido, Liv. 22, 22, 15: at nihil ad nostram hanc, nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25. Adverbial phrases with ad. Ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., Liv. 35, 32, 4. Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, ἐπί τούτοις: nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc., Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3: his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens, Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al. Ad id quod, beside that (very rare): ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12. Ad tempus. At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3. At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13. For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14. According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9. Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers). For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21. At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.
So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8. Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, Liv. 27, 27, 2. Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al. Ad summam. On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71. In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum. At the end, finally, at last. Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.: missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat, Liv. 21, 8, 10. Of time = τέλος δέ, at last, finally: ibi ad postremum cedit miles, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.
Hence, of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire; ad extremum agere cum dignitate, Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142. In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.: consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis, id. 28, 28, 8. Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; Cic. Verr. 5, 75. Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v. !*? Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns: traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kühner). Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive: quam ad, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39: senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit, Cic. N. D. 2, 4: ripam ad Araxis, Tac. Ann. 12, 51; or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam, id. ib. 12, 8. The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix). In composition. Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.
But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated. Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense. Local. To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio (to one's self). At, by: astare, adesse. On, upon, against: accumbo, attero. Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decĭdo): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo. Fig. To: adjudico, adsentior. At or on: admiror, adludo. Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo. Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco. Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco. Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

adactio
ădactĭo, ōnis, f. adigo, a forcing or bringing to: ad legitimam juris jurandi adactionem, to the taking of an oath, Liv. 22, 38, where just before we find: milites jurejurando adacti.

adaequo
ăd-aequo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. Act. To make equal to, to equalize, to level with; hence, In Cic. usually with cum (cf. aequare cum, Verg. A. 1, 193): qui cum virtute fortunam adaequavit, Cic. Arch. 10, 24: quae ... admonet, commemorationem nominis nostri, cum omni posteritate adaequandam, id. ib. 11, 29: in summa amicorum copia cum familiarissimis ejus est adaequatus (i. e. par habitus), id. Balb. 28, 63. In the histt. alicui rei (cf.: aequo and aequiparo): molibus ferme (oppidi) moenibus adaequatis, on a level with, Caes. B. G. 3, 12: omnia tecta solo adaequare, to level with the ground, Liv. 1, 29: quibus duobus operibus vix nova haec magnificentia quidquam adaequare potuit, id. ib. 56; and with solo understood: Alesiam flammis adaequare, Flor. 3, 10, 23: cum Claudius libertos sibique et legibus adaequaverit, Tac. A. 12, 60: colonias jure et dignatione urbi ... adaequavit, Suet. Aug. 46; so Dom. 2. Trop., to compare to or with: qui formam, aetatem, genus mortis magni Alexandri fatis adaequarent, Tac. Ann. 2, 73. To attain to, or reach, by equalling.
With acc. (cf.: aequo and aequiparo): ne quid absit quod deorum vitam possit adaequare, Cic. Univ. 11: longarum navium cursum adaequaverunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: ut muri altitudinem acervi armorum adaequarent, id. ib. 2, 32; cf. id. B. C. 2, 16, and Sall. J. 4. Neut., to be equal. Absol.: senatorum urna copiose absolvit, equitum adaequavit, the votes of the equites were equally divided, there was an equal number for acquitting and for condemning, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6. With dat.: turris quae moenibus adaequaret, Auct. B. G. 8, 41: se virtute nostris adaequare non posse intellegunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 16 Dinter, where some read nostros: adaequare apud Caesarem gratiā, sc. Aeduis, id. B: G. 6, 12.

adaggero
ăd-aggĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (a double ad, as in adalligo), to heap up: cum ver adpetet, terram adaggerato bene, Cato, R. R. 94: so, terram circa arborem, Col. 5, 11, 8: terra Nilo adaggerata, brought down or deposited by the Nile, Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69: nitro et sale adaggeratis, id. 36, 12, 17, § 81.

adagio
ădăgĭo, ōnis, f., a rare form for adagium: “adagione: proverbio,” Gloss. Placid., Mai; Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 31 Müll.; Aus. Monos. praef.

adagium
ădăgĭum, i, n. prob. ad and aio, but acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 12 Müll., “ad agendum apta,” applicable to life, suitable for use, a proverb, an adage: vetus adagium est, Nihil cum fidibus graculo, Gell. 1, praef.

adalligo
ăd-allĭgo, āre, 1, v. a. (double ad, as in adaggero), to bind to, to fasten to, to attach: uncum (ad arborem), Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 211: radices, id. 20, 21, 84, § 225: vermiculos bracchio, id. 27, 10, 62, § 89.

adamantinus
ădămantĭnus, a, um, adj., = ἀδαμάντινος, hard as steel, etc., adamantine: saxa, Lucr. 2, 447: duritia, Plin. 37, 11, 73.
Hence poet., extremely hard, inflexible, invincible: clavi, Hor. C. 3, 24, 5: tunica, id. ib. 1, 6, 13: juga, Prop. 3, 9, 9; cf. aënus.

adamantis
ădămantis, ĭdis, f., a certain magic herb, which cannot be bruised or crushed [ἀ‐δαμάω], Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 162; App. Herb. 4.

adamas
ădămas, antis, m. (acc. Gr. adamanta, adamantas), = ἀδάμας (invincible), adamant, the hard est iron or steel; hence poet., for any thing inflexible, firm, lasting, etc. (first used by Verg.): porta adversa ingens solidoque adamante columnae, Verg. A. 6, 552; cf. Mart. 5, 11; adamante texto vincire, with adamantine chains, Sen. Herc. F. 807.
Trop. of character, hard, unyielding, inexorable: nec rigidos silices solidumve in pectore ferrum aut adamanta gerit, a heart of stone, Ov. M. 9, 615: lacrimis adamanta movebis, will move a heart of stone, id. A. A. 1, 659; so id. Tr. 4, 8, 45: voce tua posses adamanta movere, Mart. 7, 99: duro nec enim ex adamante creati, Sed tua turba sumus, Stat. S. 1, 2, 69. The diamond: adamanta infragilem omni cetera vi sanguine hireino rumpente, Plin. 20, prooem. 1. 37, 4, 15, § 55 sq.

adapertilis
ădăpertĭlis, e, adj. adaperio, that may be opened: latus hoc adapertile tauri, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 46.

adaquo
ăd-ăquo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. aqua, to bring water to, to give to drink (postAug.), Vulg. Gen. 24, 46; 29, 10.
Of plants: amygdalas, Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 64: vites, Pall. 3, 33.
* In pass.: adaquari (different from the foll.), to be brought to drink: jumentum, Suet. Galb. 7.

adasia
adasia ovis vetula recentis partus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 12 Müll.; Gloss. Mai Clas. Auct. viii. p. 52.

adaugeo
ăd-augĕo, xi, ctum, 2, v. a., to make greater by adding to, to increase, augment. In gen.: timet, ne tua duritia adaucta sit, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26: haec maleficia aliis nefariis cumulant atque adaugent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11; so id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; 2, 18; cf. id. Ac. 1, 5, 21; Auct. Her. 2, 25; Plin. Pan. 22; Cels. 4, 6 med. Esp., in sacrifices, t. t., to devote (cf. augeo): decumam esse adauctam tibi quam vovi, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 62.

adaugesco
ăd-augesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [ad, intens.], to begin to increase or augment, to grow, to thrive: neque adaugescit quidquam neque deperit inde, Lucr. 2, 296; so also Cic. poet. in Div. 1, 7 fin.

adbito
ad-bīto, ĕre, 3, v.n. [beto], to come or draw near, to approach: si adbites propius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 72.

addecet
ad-dĕcet, ēre, 2, v. impers. [ad, intens.], it behooves, it becomes, it is fit or proper that (used only in Enn. and Plaut., in the latter very often), constr. with acc. or with acc. and inf.: sed virum virtute vera vivere animatum addecet, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17, 10 (Trag. v. 338, ed. Vahl.; Rib. p. 52): ut matrem addecet familias, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 80: meo me aequum est morigerum patri, ejus studio servire addecet, id. Am. 3, 4, 21; nam peculi probam nihil habere addecet Clam virum, id. Cas. 2, 2, 26; so id. Bacch. 1, 2, 20; id. Most. 4, 2, 21; id. Ps. 1, 5, 156; id. Trin. 1, 2, 41.

addecimo
ad-dĕcĭmo, āre, to take by the tenth part, to tithe (v. decimo): vinearum reditus, Vulg. 1 Reg. 8, 15: greges vestros, ib. 8, 17.

addenseo
ad-densĕo, ēre, and ăd-denso, āre (cf. Wagner ad Verg. G. 1, 248), 2 and 1, v. a., to make close, compact (very rare): extremi addensent acies, Verg. A. 10, 432 Rib.
In pass., of water, to become thick, to thicken: aquam radice ea addita addensari, Plin. 20, 21, 84, § 230.

addico
ad-dīco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. (imp. addice, for addic, Plaut. Poen. 2, 50; addixti, Mart. 12, 16), orig., to give one's assent to a thing (“addicere est proprie idem dicere et approbare dicendo,” Fest. p. 13 Müll.), in its lit. signif. belonging only to augural and judicial language (opp. abdĭco). Of a favorable omen, to be propitious to, to favor, usually with aves as subj., and without obj.: cum sacellorum exaugurationes admitterent aves, in Termini fano non addixere, Liv. 1, 55, 3; so, Fabio auspicanti aves semel atque iterum non addixerunt, id. 27, 16, 15; also with auspicium as subj.: addicentibus auspiciis vocat contionem, Tac. A. 2, 14; cf. Drak. Liv. 1, 36, 3; 27, 16, 15.
And with acc. of obj.: illum quem aves addixerant, Fest. p. 241 Müll.
In judicial lang.: alicui aliquid or aliquem, to award or adjudge any thing to one, to sentence; hence Festus, with reference to the adjudged or condemned person, says: “alias addicere damnare est,” p. 13 Müll.: ubi in jus venerit, addicet praetor familiam totam tibi, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 57: bona alicui, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 52: addictus erat tibi? had he been declared bound to you for payment? id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41; hence ironic.: Fufidium . . . creditorem debitoribus suis addixisti, you have adjudged the creditor to his debtors (instead of the reverse), id. Pis. 35: liberum corpus in servitutem, Liv. 3, 56.
Hence subst., addictus, i, m., one who has been given up or made over as servant to his creditor: ducite nos quo jubet, tamquam quidem addictos, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87: addictus Hermippo et ab hoc ductus est, Cic. Fl. 20 extr.; cf. Liv. 6, 15, 20. (The addictus, bondman, was not properly a slave = servus, for he retained his nomen, cognomen, his tribus, which the servus did not have; he could become free again by cancelling the demand, even against the will of his dominus; the servus could not; the addictus, when set free, was also again ingenuus, the servus only libertinus; v. Quint. 7, 3, 27. The inhuman law of the Twelve Tables, which, however, was never put in execution, that one indebted to several creditors should be cut in pieces and divided among them, is mentioned by Gell. 20, 1: Niebuhr, Rom. Gesch. 1, 638; Smith's Antiq.): addicere alicui judicium, to grant one leave to bring an action, Varr. L. L. 6, § 61 Müll.: addicere litem, sc. judici, to deliver a cause to the judge. This was the office of the praetor. Such is the purport of the law of XII. Tab. Tab. I.: POST MERIDIEM PRAESENTI STLITEM ADDICITO, ap. Gell. 17, 2: judicem or arbitrum (instead of dare judicium), to appoint for one a judge in his suit, Dig. 5, 1, 39, 46 and 80: addicere aliquid in diem, to adjudge a thing to one ad interim, so that, upon a change of circumstances, the matter in question shall be restored in integrum, Dig. 18, 2; 6, 1, 41; 39, 3, 9. In auctions, to adjudge to the highest bidder, knock down, strike off, deliver to (with the price in abl.): ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit, Cic. Rab. Post. 17; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55; Suet. Caes. 50.
Addicere bona alicujus in publicum, i. e. to confiscate, Caes. B. C. 2, 18; hence in Plaut., of a parasite, who strikes himself off, as it were, i. e. promises himself to one as guest, on condition that he does not in the mean time have a higher bid, i. e. is not attracted to another by a better table, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 76 sq. In gen., to sell, to make over to: addice tuam mihi meretricem, Plaut. Poen. 2, 50: hominem invenire neminem potuit, cui meas aedes addiceret, traderet, donaret, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 41. Antonius regna addixit pecunia, Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15; so Hor. S. 2, 5, 109.
In a metaph. signif., To deliver, yield, or resign a thing to one, either in a good or a bad sense. In a good sense, to devote, to consecrate to: senatus, cui me semper addixi, Cic. Planc. 39, 93: agros omnes addixit deae, Vell. 2, 25; hence, morti addicere, to devote to death, Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45: nolite . . . omnem Galliam prosternere et perpetuae servituti addicere, to devote to perpetual slavery, Caes. B. G. 7, 77. In a bad sense, to give up, to sacrifice, to abandon (very freq.); ejus ipsius domum evertisti, cujus sanguinem addixeras, Cic. Pis. 34, 83: libidini cujusque nos addixit, id. Phil. 5, 12, 33; so id. Mil. 32; id. Sest. 17; id. Quint. 30; hence poet.: quid faciat? crudele, suos addicere amores, to sacrifice, to surrender his love, Ov. M. 1, 617 (where some read wrongly abdicere). In later Latin, to attribute or ascribe a work to one: quae (comoediae) nomini eius (Plauti) addicuntur, Gell. 3, 3, 13.
Hence, addic-tus, P. a. (after II. D.), dedicated or devoted to a thing; hence, Destined to: gladiatorio generi mortis addictus, Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 16; cf. Hor. Epod. 17, 11. Given up to, bound to: qui certis quibusdam destinatisque sententiis quasi addicti et consecrati sunt, Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5: nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 14: Prasinae factioni addictus et deditus, Suet. Cal. 55.
Comp., sup., and adv. not used.

addictio
addictĭo, ōnis, f. addico, the awarding or adjudging (of the praetor or judge, v. addīco, B.): bonorum possessionumque addictio et condonatio, * Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12; so Gai. Inst. 3, § 189; Dig. 40, 5, 4, §§ 2, 5; ib. 49, 14, 50.

additamentum
addĭtāmentum, i, n. addo, an addition, accession, increase: inimicorum, * Cic. Sest. 31, 68: vitae, Sen. Ep. 17, 6: praeter nomen nihil est additamenti, Pseud.Sall. ad Caes. de Rep. Ord. 2: pretii, App. M. 9, 6.

additicius
addĭtīcĭus (not -tius), a, um, adj. id., added, annexed, additional, Tert. de Rebus Carn. 52; Dig. 50, 16, 98.

additio
addĭtĭo, ōnis, f. id., an adding to, addition: figurarum additio et abjectio, Quint. 9, 3, 18: Sic corpori fit additio, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 37; Prisc. p. 978 P.

addo
ad-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a. 2. do (addues for addideris, Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.), to put, place, lay, etc., a person or thing to another. In gen. Lit., NEVE AVROM ADDITO, let no gold be put into the grave with the dead, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. in Cic. de Leg. 2, 24: Argus, quem quondam Ioni Juno custodem addidit, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 20; so id. Mil. 2, 6, 69: adimunt diviti, addunt pauperi, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 47: spumantia addit Frena feris, Verg. A. 5, 818: Pergamaque Iliacamque jugis hanc addidit arcem, i.e. imposuit, id. ib. 3, 336; Hor. Epod. 8, 10: flammae aquam, to throw upon, Tib. 2, 4, 42: incendia ramis, Sil. 7, 161: propiorem Martem, to bring nearer, id. 5, 442.
With in: uram in ollulas addere, Varr. R. R. 2, 54, 2: glandem in dolium, id. ib. 3, 15, 2: eas epistulas in eundem fasciculum velim addas, Cic. Att. 12, 53: adde manus in vincla meas, Ov. Am. 1, 7, 1; id. A. A. 2, 672, 30.
Poet.: cum carceribus sese effudere quadrigae, addunt in spatia, i. e. dant se, Verg. G. 1, 513, v. Heyne and Forb.
Hence, Trop., to bring to, to add to; with dat.: pudicitiae hujus vitium me hinc absente'st additum, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179: fletum ingenio muliebri, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50; also absol.: operam addam sedulo, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 54; so id. Pers. 4, 4, 57: addere animum, or animos, to give courage, make courageous: mihi quidem addit animum, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31: sed haec sunt in iis libris, quos tu laudando animos mihi addidisti, Cic. Att. 7, 2, 4; so, animos cum clamore, Ov. M. 8, 388.
So also: addis mihi alacritatem scribendi, Cic. Att. 16, 3: verba virtutem non addere, impart, bestow, Sall. C. 58: severitas dignitatem addiderat, id. ib. 57: audaciam, id. J. 94: formidinem, id. ib. 37: metum, Tac. H. 1, 62; cf. ib. 76: ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem, id. G. 3: ardorem mentibus, Verg. A. 9, 184: ductoribus honores, id. ib. 5, 249; hence, addere alicui calcar, to give one the spur, to spur him on: anticipate atque addite calcar, Varr. ap. Non. 70, 13: vatibus addere calcar, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 217 (cf.: admovere calcar Cic. Att. 6, 1, and adhibere calcar, id. Brut. 56). Esp. To add to by way of increase, to join or annex to, to augment, with dat. or ad (the most common signif. of this word): etiam fides, ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 37: verbum adde etiam unum, id. Rud. 4, 3, 68; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 19: non satis habes quod tibi dieculam addo? id. ib. 4, 2, 27; so id. Eun. 1, 1, 33; id. Ph. 1, 1, 8: illud in his rebus non addunt, Lucr. 3, 900: quaeso ne ad malum hoc addas malum, Caec. ap. Non. 154, 15: addendo deducendoque videre quae reliqui summa fiat, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59; so id. de Or. 2, 12 fin.; id. Fam. 15, 20; id Att. 1, 13: acervum efficiunt uno addito grano, id. Ac. 2, 16, 49: hunc laborem ad cotidiana opera addebant, Caes. B. C. 3, 49: multas res novas in edictum addidit, he made essential additions to, Nep. Cat. 2, 3: eaque res multum animis eorum addidit, Sall. J. 75, 9: addita est alia insuper injuria, Liv. 2, 2: novas litterarum formas addidit vulgavitque, Tac. A. 11, 13; cf. ib. 14 al.
Poet.: noctem addens operi, also the night to the work, Verg. A. 8, 411; ut quantum generi demas, virtutibus addas, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 22.
With ad: additum ad caput legis, Suet. Calig. 40; so Flor. 1, 13, 17.
Poet. with inf.: ille viris pila et ferro circumdare pectus addiderat, he instructed them in addition, Sil. 8, 550: addere gradum (sc. gradui), to add step to step, i. e. to quicken one's pace: adde gradum, appropera, Plaut. Tr. 4, 3, 3; so Liv. 3, 27; 26, 9; Plin. Ep. 6, 20; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, 58: addito tempore, in course of time: conjugia sobrinarum diu ignorata addito tempore percrebuisse, Tac. A. 12, 6; so also: addita aetate, with increased age: in infantia scabunt aures; quod addita aetate non queunt, as they grow older, Plin. 11, 48, 108, § 260. Mercant. t. t., to add to one's bidding, to give more: nihil addo, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255. When a new thought is added to what precedes, as an enlargement of it, it is introduced by adde, adde huc, adde quod, and the like (cf. accedo), add to this, add to this the circumstance that, or besides, moreover . . .: adde furorem animi proprium atque oblivia rerum, adde quod in nigras lethargi mergitur undas, Lucr. 3, 828 sq. (cf. the third verse before: advenit id quod eam de rebus saepe futuris Macerat): adde huc, si placet, unguentarios, saltatores totumque ludum talarium, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150: adde hos praeterea casus, etc., Hor. S. 2, 8, 71: adde huc populationem agrorum, Liv. 7, 30: adde quod pubes tibi crescit omnis, Hor. C. 2, 8, 17; id. Ep. 1, 18, 52: adde quod ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores nec sinit esse feros, Ov. Pont. 2, 9, 49: adde huc quod mercem sine fucis gestat, Hor. Sat. 1, 2, 83: adde super dictis quod non levius valeat, id. ib. 2, 7, 78.
So also when several are addressed, as in the speech of Scipic to his soldiers: adde defectionem Italiae, Siciliae, etc., Liv. 26, 41, 12.
Also with the acc. and inf.: addebat etiam, se in legem Voconiam juratum contra eam facere non audere, Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 55; and with an anticipatory dem. pron.: Addit etiam illud, equites non optimos fuisse, id. Deiot. 8, 24: Addit haec, fortes viros sequi, etc., id. Mil. 35, 96 al.: addito as abl. absol. with a subj. clause; with the addition, with this addition (post-Aug.): vocantur patres, addito consultandum super re magna et atroci, with this intimation, that they were to consult, etc., Tac. A. 2, 28: addito ut luna infra terram sit, Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 62 (cf.: adjuncto ut ... haberentur, Cic. Off. 2, 12).
Hence, addĭtus, a, um, P. a. (addo I.), joined to one as a constant observer; so, Watching or observing in a hostile or troublesome manner: si mihi non praetor siet additus atque agitet me, Lucil. ap. Macr. Sat. 6, 4.
Hence, in gen., Pursuing one incessantly, persecuting: nec Teucris addita Juno Usquam aberit, Verg. A. 6, 90 Serv. (= adfixa, incumbens, infesta).

addoceo
ad-dŏcĕo, cui, ctum, 2, v. a., to teach something in addition to, to teach: ebrietas addocet artes, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 18 (but in Cic. Clu. 37, 104, the correct read. is adducti, B. and K.).

Addua
Addŭa, ae, m., Ἀδούας (cf. Weichert Poët. Lat. 180), a river in Upper Italy, which flows into the Po near Cremona, now Adde, Plin. 2, 103, 106; 3, 16, 20 al.

addubanum
addubānum = dubium, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 21 Müll.

addubitatio
addŭbĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. addubito, a doubting, a rhetor. fig., Mart. Cap. 5, p. 171; Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18, where dubitatio is the better reading (B. and K.).

addubito
ad-dŭbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., pr., to incline to doubt, to begin to doubt (in Cic. several times, but never in his orations). To be in doubt, to doubt; constr. With de or in aliqua re: de quo Panaetium addubitare dicebant, Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118: de legatis paululum addubitatum est, Liv. 2, 4: in his addubitare turpissimum est, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 18. With pron., or num, an, etc.: ut addubitet, quid potius dicat, Cic. Or. 40: addubitavi, num a Volumnio senatore esset, id. Fam. 7, 32: an hoc inhonestum necne sit, addubites, Hor. S. 1, 4, 124; so Liv. 8, 10; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 2, 4, 7: illud addubitat, utrum, etc., Nep. Con. 5, 4 (acc. to Br. ad h. l.: to leave it undecided; cf. with dubitare, Cic. N. D. 1, 1). With acc., to be doubtful of a thing, to call in question: si plus adipiscare, re explicata, boni, quam addubitata mali, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83; so id. Div. 1, 47, 105. With inf., to hesitate: aptare lacertos addubitat, Sil. 14, 358.
(ε) Absol.: eos ipsos addubitare coget doctissimorum hominum tanta dissentio, Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 14; Liv. 10, 19, 13; Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 1.

adduco
ad-dūco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. (adduce for adduc, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 15; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 29; Afr. ap. Non. 174, 32: adduxti for adduxisti, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 15; id. Eun. 4, 7, 24: adduxe = adduxisse, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 3), to lead to, to bring or convey to, draw to any place or to one's self (opp. abduco, q. v.; syn.: adfero, apporto, adveho, induco). Lit.: quaeso, quī possim animum bonum habere, qui te ad me adducam domum, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 78: ille alter venit, quem secum adduxit Parmenio, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; Afr. ap. Non. 174, 32: quos secum Mitylenis Cratippus adduxit, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 5: Demetrius Epimachum secum adduxit, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.
With ad: ad lenam, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65; cf. id. Mil. 3, 1, 193: ad cenam, Lucil. ap. Non. 159, 25 (cf.: abduxi ad cenam, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2 9): adduxit ea ad Adam, Vulg. Gen. 2, 19; ib. Marc. 14, 53.
Or with a local adv.: tu istos adduce intro, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 54: quia te adducturam huc dixeras eumpse non eampse, id. Truc. 1, 2, 31; so Ter. And. 5, 3, 29: adduc huc filium tuum, Vulg. Luc. 9, 41. In gen., without regard to the access. idea of accompanying, to lead or bring a person or thing to a place, to take or conduct from one place to another (of living beings which have the power of motion, while affero is properly used of things: attuli hunc. Pseud. Quid? attulisti? Ca. Adduxi volui dicere, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 21).
So of conducting an army: exercitum, Cic. Att. 7, 9: aquam, to lead to, id. Cael. 14.
With in: gentes feras in Italiam, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 2; cf. Oud. ad Caes. B. G. 4, 22, and Auct. B. G. 8, 35: in judicium adductus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28: adducta res in judicium est, id. Off. 3, 16, 67; so id. Clu. 17.
With dat.: puero nutricem adducit, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 4: qui ex Gallia pueros venales isti adducebat, Cic. Quint. 6.
Poet. with acc.: Diae telluris ad oras applicor et dextris adducor litora remis, Ov. M. 3, 598 (cf. advertor oras Scythicas, id. ib. 5, 649, and Rudd. II. p. 327): adducere ad populum, i. e. in judicium populi vocare, Cic. Agr. 2, 6.
Of a courtesan, to procure: puero scorta, Nep. Dion, 5: paelicem, Ov. Fast. 3, 483.
Poet. also of a place, which is, as it were, brought near. Thus Hor. in describing the attractions of his Sabine farm: dicas adductum propius frondere Tarentum, Ep. 1, 16, 11. Esp. To bring a thing to a destined place by drawing or pulling, to draw or pull to one's self: tormenta eo graviores emissiones habent, quo sunt contenta atque adducta vehementius, Cic. Tusc. 2, 24: adducto arcu, Verg. A. 5, 507; so, adducta sagitta, id. ib. 9, 632: utque volat moles, adducto concita nervo, Ov. M. 8, 357: adducta funibus arbor corruit, id. ib. 775: funem, Caes. B. G. 3, 14: so Luc. 3, 700: colla parvis lacertis, Ov. M. 6, 625: equos, id. Fast. 6, 586.
Hence trop.: habenas amicitiae, to tighten, Cic. Lael. 13, 45; cf. Verg. A. 9, 632, and 1, 63. Of the skin or a part of the body, to draw up, wrinkle, contract: adducit cutem macies, wrinkles the skin, Ov. M. 3, 397: sitis miseros adduxerat artus, Verg. G. 3, 483; so, frontem (opp. remittere), to contract: interrogavit, quae causa frontis tam adductae? a brow so clouded? Quint. 10, 3, 13; so Sen. Benef. 1, 1. Fig. To bring a person or thing into a certain condition; with ad or in: numquam animum quaesti gratiā ad malas adducam partīs, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 38: rem adduci ad interregnum, Cic. Att. 7, 9: ad arbitrium alterius, id. Fam. 5, 20: ad suam auctoritatem, id. Deiot. 10, 29: numquam prius discessit, quam ad finem sermo esset adductus, Nep. Ep. 3: iambos ad umbilicum adducere, Hor. Epod. 14, 8: in discrimen extremum, Cic. Phil. 6, 7; cf. Liv. 45, 8: in summas angustias, Cic. Quint. 5: in invidiam falso crimine, id. Off. 3, 20: in necessitatem, Liv. 8, 7: vitam in extremum, Tac. A. 14, 61. To bring or lead one to a certain act, feeling, or opinion; to prompt, induce, prevail upon, persuade, move, incite to it; with ad, in, or ut (very freq. and class., and for the most part in a good sense; while seducere and inducere denote instigating or seducing to something bad, Herz. Caes. B. G. 1, 3; although there are exceptions, as the foll. examples show): ad misericordiam, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 42: ad nequitiem, id. Ad. 3, 3, 4: ad iracundiam, ad fletum, Cic. Brut. 93, 322: quae causa ad facinus adduxit, id. Rosc. Am. 31: in metum, id. Mur. 24: in summam exspectationem, id. Tusc. 1, 17: in spem, id. Att. 2, 22: in opinionem, id. Fam. 1, 1: in suspicionem alicui, Nep. Hann. 7: ad paenitentiam, Vulg. Rom. 2, 4; ib. 10, 19.
With gerund: ad suspicandum, Cic. Pr. Cons. 16: ad credendum, Nep. Con. 3.
With ut: adductus sum officio, fide, misericordia, etc., ut onus hoc laboris mihi suscipiendum putarem, Cic. Verr. 1, 2: nullo imbre, nullo frigore adduci, ut capite operto sit, id. de Sen. 10: id. Cat. 1, 2; id. Fam. 3, 9; 6, 10, etc.; Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Liv. 4, 49 al.
And absol. in pass.: quibus rebus adductus ad causam accesserim demonstravi, Cic. Verr. 1, 3: his rebus adducti, being induced, Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 6, 10.
With quin: adduci nequeo quin existimem, Suet. Tib. 21.
With inf.: facilius adducor ferre humana humanitus, Afr. ap. Non. 514, 20. Adducor with inf., or with ut and subj. = adducor ad credendum, πείθομαι, to be induced to believe: ego non adducor, quemquam bonum ullam salutem putare mihi tanti fuisse, Cic. Att. 11, 16: ut jam videar adduci, hanc quoque, quae te procrearit, esse patriam, id. Leg. 2, 3: illud adduci vix possum, ut ... videantur, id. Fin. 1, 5, 14; id. ib. 4, 20, 55; Lucr. 5, 1341.
Hence, adductus, a, um, P. a. Drawn tight, stretched, strained, contracted.
Trop.: vultus, Suet. Tib. 68: frons in supercilia adductior, Capitol. Ver. 10; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 16.
Hence, Of place, narrow, contracted, strait: (Africa) ex spatio paulatim adductior, Mel. 1, 4. Of character, strict, serious, severe: modo familiaritate juvenili Nero et rursus adductus, quasi seria consociaret, Tac. A. 14, 4: adductum et quasi virile servitium, id. ib. 12, 7: vis pressior et adductior, Plin. Ep. 1, 16.
Sup. not used.
Adv. only in comp. adductĭus, More tightly: adductius contorquere jacula, Aus. Grat. Act. 27. Trop., more strictly: imperitare, Tac. H. 3, 7: regnari, id. Germ. 43.

ademptio
ădemptĭo, ōnis, f. adimo, a taking away, a seizure: civitatis, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 30: bonorum, Tac. A. 4, 6: provinciae, ib. 2, 76.

ademptor
ădemptor, ōris, m. id., one who takes away: vitae, Aug. in Joann. Tract. 116.

adeo
ăd-ĕō^, adv. cf. quoad and adhuc (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; cf. Gell. 7, 7). In the ante-class. per., To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far. Of space: surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris, fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.
Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5): postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5. Of time, so long (as), so long (till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad: merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.: nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit, Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76: atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere, Cic. Sest. 38, 82. For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion . . . in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree ... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38: adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum? Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.
Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity: gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias, in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12. (Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias (beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.
Hence also with etiam: adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio, besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101. (Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that: id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32: id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc., id. Aul. 4, 10, 9: adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc., id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut): atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido, id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.) In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.: jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al. To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word, To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives: adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit, Plaut. Capt. prol. 65: neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet, Cic. Fl. 20, 47: adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc., Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.: et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra, Ter. And. 1, 1, 92: nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.
With usque: adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10: usque adeo turbatur, even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.
In questions: adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem? Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49: adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias? Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.
With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last: non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit, Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9: verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc., Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.
Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem? ... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz., that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565: adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars? Juv. 6, 59.
Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut ... adeo nihil ut ... so little that, so far from that ... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non
tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.
Also with contra in the concluding clause: apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent, Liv. 30, 34, 5. Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. γὲ, even, indeed, just, precisely. So, Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. ἔγωγε, σύγε, αὐτός γε, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (τοῦτό γε), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet; ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es, you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2: cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (σύγε ἀκούσῃ), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (ταύτην γε τὴν χάριν), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16: haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt, even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.
It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (τοῦτό γε σκοπεῖτε), Cic. Caec. 30, 87: id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80: ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat, And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.
It is rarely used with ille: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.
Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37.
With interrog. pron.: Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc., Gell. 7, 17.
Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.: teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit, Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73; and without the copulative: vos adeo . . . item ego vos virgis circumvinciam, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.
Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (ἔγωγε): tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73: ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16: nec me adeo fallit, Verg. A. 4, 96.
Ipse adeo (αὐτός γε), for the sake of emphasis: atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24: ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo, Ter. And. 2, 5, 4: ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus, Sil. 14, 487. With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. εἴ γε), if indeed, if truly: nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus, unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7. With adverbs: nunc adeo (νῦν γε), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (δή γε), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23: inde adeo, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1: hinc adeo, Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (οὕτως γε), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646: vix adeo, Verg. A. 6, 498: non adeo, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully: quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae! how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum ... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63: trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus, three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.
And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.: quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter, very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5: magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit, Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15. With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only: sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint, Plaut. Am. prol. 71: si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare, id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10: mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire, or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo: ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9. With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. γὲ (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray: propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua, Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. ξυλλάβετέ γ’ αὐτόν, Soph. Phil. 1003). Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely: nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem, so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123: nec sum adeo informis, nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25: nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus, Suet. Aug. 65: et merito adeo, and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42: etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo, do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38. To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.
Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf. adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum, and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32: haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit, Verg. A. 7, 427. After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.). For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for: cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is, Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.
Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita ingenia esse) ni subinde auro ... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28. When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often): haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat, thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4: adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent, id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1: adeo in teneris consuescere multum est, Verg. G. 2, 272. In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37. With a negative after ne
quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.): hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest, still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1: ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit, still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35: favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis, who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.
So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.
(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).
See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.

Adeona
Ădĕōna, ae, f., the tutelary goddess of new-comers, Aug. Civ. D. 4, 21.

adeps
ădeps, ĭpis, comm. (in Plin. and Serv., m.; in Cels., Quint., and Pallad., f.; in Col. c.; cf. Prisc. 657 and 752 P.; Rudd. I. p. 34; Koffm. s. v.) [from ἄλειφα with interch. of d and l], the soft fat or grease of animals, suet, lard (the hard is called sevum). Lit.: suilla, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 7: ursinus, Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163: vulpinus, ib.: anserinus, ib. 48: caprina, Col. R. R. 6, 12, 5: ad creandas adipes, id. ib. 8, 14, 11.
And in the sense of sevum: adipe, qui prope omnes Italas lucernas illuminat, the tallow, Aug. de Mor. Manich. 2, 16.
Hence, Metaph. Of men: non mihi esse Lentuli somnum, nec Cassii adipes, nec Cethegi temeritatem pertimescendam, the corpulence, * Cic. Cat. 3, 7: dum sciat (declamator) sibi quoque tenuandas adipes, Quint. 2, 10, 6 (v. adipatus, crassus, crassedo). Of fat or fertile earth, marl, Plin. 17, 6, 4, § 42. In trees, that part of the wood which is soft and full of sap, also called alburnum, Plin. 16, 38, 72, § 182.!*? The form adipes, assumed by Prisc. 752 and 1293 P., on account of Varr. R. R. 2, 11, rests upon an error, since not adipes illa, but adeps suilla, should be read there, v. Schneid. ad h. l.

adeptio
ădeptĭo, ōnis, f. adipiscor, an obtaining, attainment: nos beatam vitam non depulsione mali, sed adeptione boni judicemus, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 41: bonorum (opp., malorum evitatio), Quint. 5, 10, 33: alicujus commodi, Cic. Part. Or. 32, 113.

adequito
ăd-ĕquĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. To ride to or toward a place, to gallop up to.
With ad: equites Ariovisti propius tumulum accedere et ad nostros adequitare, * Caes. B. G. 1, 46.
With in: in primos ordines, Curt. 7, 4, 17.
With the local adv. quo: quo tam ferociter adequitāsset, inde se fundi fugarique, Liv. 9, 22, 6.
With dat.: portis, Liv. 22, 42, 5; so, portae Collinae, Plin. 15, 18, 20, § 76: vallo, Liv. 9, 22, 4: castris, Tac. A. 6, 34.
With acc. of limit: adequitare Syracusas, Liv. 24, 31: perarmatos adequitare coepit, Curt. 4, 9, 14 (Vogel now reads here ad perarmatos). To ride near to or by: juxta aliquem, Suet. Cal. 25: vehiculo anteire aut circa adequitare, id. Aug. 64.

aderro
ăd-erro, āre, 1, v. n., to wander to.
With dat.: scopulis, Stat. S. 2, 2, 120.
Trop.: ululatus aderrat auribus, Stat. Th. 9, 178.

adesco
ăd-esco, āre, 1, v. a., to feed or fatten: volantia adescata, Cael. Aur. Acut. 1, 11.

adesdum
ădesdum or ădes dum (imper. from adsum with dum; cf.: agedum, manedum, etc., v. dum), come hither: Sosia, adesdum; paucis te volo, Ter. And. 1, 1, 2.

adesurio
ăd-ēsŭrĭo, īvi, 4, v. n. ad, intens., to be very hungry: adesurivit et inhiavit acrius lupus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 132.

adhaereo
ăd-haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n., to cleave or stick to a thing. Lit., of iron adhering to a magnet: unus ubi ex uno dependet, subter adhaerens, Lucr. 6, 914; cf. id. 3, 557: tota adhaerens (lingua) crocodilis, cleaving to his palate, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 171.
With in and abl.: tela in tuis visceribus, Cic. Vatin. 5, 13; so Ov. M. 4, 693.
With acc.: cratera et corvus adhaeret, Cic. Arat. 541 (so Tert.: humerum, de Pall. 5).
With abl.: fronte cuspis, Ov. M. 5, 38.
With dat., poet.: tonsis (ovibus) illotus sudor, Verg. G. 3, 443: veteri craterae limus adhaesit, Hor. Sat. 2, 4, 80; and in later prose: navis ancoris, is fastened to them, Tac. A. 2, 23: stativis castris, id. ib. 3, 21; and: jumento, to stick to, Gell. 20, 1. Fig. In gen., to cling to, adhere to: adhaesit homini ad intimum ventrem fames, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 83; and of fawning adherence to one, id. As. 1, 3, 59: cui canis ex vero dictum cognomen adhaeret, adheres, Hor. S. 2, 2, 56: nulli fortunae adhaerebat animus, i. e. inconstans fuit, Liv. 41, 20: obsidioni fortiter adhaerentes, Amm. 19, 3. Adhaerere alicui, to be close to a person or thing, to be near, to hang on, keep close to, etc. (mostly post-Cic., esp. in the histt.): vineis modica silva adhaerebat, was close to it, adjoined it, Tac. H. 2, 25; so Amm. 18, 2.
Of persons: procul abesse Romanos: lateri adhaerere gravem dominum, i. e. he (the King of Macedon) hangs on them, threatens them by his nearness, Liv. 39, 25: nec umquam non adhaerentes, and never departing from his side, Suet. Galb. 14: comitem perpetuo alicui adhaerere, Plin. 10, 22, 26, § 51: tempus adhaerens, the time in hand, just the present time, Quint. 5, 10, 46: obvio quoque adhaerente, while each one adhered to him, Suet. Oth. 6; and so trop.: adhaeret altissimis invidia, Vell. 1, 9. To hang on a thing, i. e. to trail or drag after, to be the last, sarcastically in Cic.: tenesne memoriā te extremum adhaesisse? hung on the end, i. e. extremo loco quaestorem esse factum, Vat. 5 (cf. haerere, Liv. 5, 2 fin., and Gron. ad h. l.); and without sarcasm, Curt. 10, 5, 19.

adhaeresco
ăd-haeresco, haesi, haesum, 3, v. inch. [adhaereo], to cleave or stick to, to adhere, lit. and trop. (in the trop. sense almost exclusively belonging to Cic.). Lit., constr. with ad, in, and abl. or ubi: tragula ad turrim, Caes. B. G. 5, 46: ne quid emineret, ubi ignis adhaeresceret, id. B. C. 2, 9: tamquam in quodam incili, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5: si potes in his locis adhaerescere, if you can stick (i. e. stay or sojourn) in such places, id. Att. 4, 4: in me omnia conjurationis nefaria tela adhaeserunt, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 24; cf. ib. 5; ad quamcunque disciplinam, tamquam ad saxum, adhaerescunt, Cic. Ac. 2, 3: argumentum ratio ipsa confirmat, quae simul atque emissa est, adhaerescit, sc. ad mentem, sticks fast to, is fastened upon the memory (the figure is derived from missiles), id. de Or. 2, 53.
With dat.: justitiae honestatique, to be attached or devoted to, Cic. Off. 1, 24.
And absol.: oratio ita libere fluebat, ut numquam adhaeresceret, never was at a stand, faltered, Cic. Brut. 79; cf. ib. 93 (v. haereo): adhaerescere ad columnam (sc. Maeniam); sarcastically, to remain fixed at the debtor's columns, i. e. to be punished as a fraudulent debtor, Cic. Sest. 8, 18; cf. Liv. 5, 47. Fig., to correspond to, to accord with, to fit to or suit: si non omnia, quae praeponerentur a me ad omnium vestrūm studium, adhaerescerent, Cic. de Or. 3, 10, 37.

adhaese
ădhaese, adv. adhaereo, hesitatingly, stammeringly: loqui, Gell. 5, 9.

adhaesio
ădhaesĭo, ōnis, f. adhaereo, an adhering, adhesion: complexiones et copulationes et adhaesiones atomorum inter se, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19, v. Madv. ad h. l.; Gloss. Placid. Clas. Auct. III. p. 427 Mai.

adhaesus
ădhaesus, ūs, m. id., an adhering, adherence (only in Lucr.): pulveris, Lucr. 3, 38; 4, 1242: membrorum, id. 5, 842: umoris, id. 6, 472; cf. Non. 73, 6.

adhalo
ăd-hālo, āre, v. a., to breathe on: si patescentes (fungos) primo (serpens) adhalaverit, Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 95.